Question 1

Which statement best outlines the reason hyperventilation can result in loss of consciousness?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyperventilation eliminates too little CO2, causes an increase in blood H2CO3 and consequently in blood H+, and thereby may produce acidosis. 
B)  Increases in oxygen ion concentration above a certain level depress the central nervous system and, therefore, produce such symptoms as disorientation and coma. 
C)  Decreases in hydrogen ion concentration above a certain level depress the central nervous system and, therefore, produce such symptoms as disorientation and coma. 
D)  Increases in hydrogen ion concentration above a certain level depress the central nervous system and, therefore, produce such symptoms as disorientation and coma. 
A)  Hyperventilation eliminates too little CO2, causes an increase in blood H2CO3 and consequently in blood H+, and thereby may produce acidosis. 
B)  Increases in oxygen ion concentration above a certain level depress the central nervous system and, therefore, produce such symptoms as disorientation and coma. 
C)  Decreases in hydrogen ion concentration above a certain level depress the central nervous system and, therefore, produce such symptoms as disorientation and coma. 
D)  Increases in hydrogen ion concentration above a certain level depress the central nervous system and, therefore, produce such symptoms as disorientation and coma.

Question 2

Hyperventilation can result in loss of consciousness because:

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen levels become too high. 
B)  oxygen levels become too low. 
C)  carbon dioxide levels are elevated. 
D)  of alkalosis. 
A)  oxygen levels become too high. 
B)  oxygen levels become too low. 
C)  carbon dioxide levels are elevated. 
D)  of alkalosis.

Question 3

Venous blood returning from the lungs would have a higher pH than blood returning from the inferior vena cava.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

What is the chloride shift and what is its cause?

Accepted Answer

The chloride shift, also known as the Ha

Question 5

Match each term with it corresponding definition.
-bicarbonate excess caused by excessive antacid use or excessive vomiting

Accepted Answer

A) Alkaline 
B) pH 
C) Buffer 
D) Acid 
E) Alkalosis
F)Chloride shift
G)Acidosis
H)Metabolic alkalosis
I)Metabolic acidosis
J)Respiratory acidosis
K)Respiratory alkalosis 
A) Alkaline 
B) pH 
C) Buffer 
D) Acid 
E) Alkalosis
F)Chloride shift
G)Acidosis
H)Metabolic alkalosis
I)Metabolic acidosis
J)Respiratory acidosis
K)Respiratory alkalosis

Question 6

Life-threatening vomiting can occur both in infants and in pregnant women.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Describe the respiratory compensation for a change in blood pH.

Accepted Answer

The respiratory compensation for a chang

Question 8

Strong evidence shows that bicarbonate loading counteracts the effects of lactic acid buildup in athletes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The protein buffer system represents a chemical buffer system in the body with a delayed response time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Stomach acid is the most alkaline substance in the body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

A chloride shift that occurs in the neutralization of carbonic acid involves the replacement of a bicarbonate ion for chloride ions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following is not a weak acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hemoglobin 
B)  Oxyhemoglobin 
C)  Proteins 
D)  Na2HPO4 
A)  Hemoglobin 
B)  Oxyhemoglobin 
C)  Proteins 
D)  Na2HPO4

Question 13

If the blood pH decreases below normal,the kidney tubules secrete:

Accepted Answer

A)  fewer hydrogen ions from blood to urine. 
B)  more hydrogen ions from blood to urine. 
C)  more sodium ions into the urine. 
D)  Both A and C are correct. 
A)  fewer hydrogen ions from blood to urine. 
B)  more hydrogen ions from blood to urine. 
C)  more sodium ions into the urine. 
D)  Both A and C are correct.

Question 14

A solution with pH of 7 would contain _____ times the number of hydrogen ions as a solution with a pH of 8.

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  5 
D)  10 
A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  5 
D)  10

Question 15

An increase in blood pH above normal may result in hypoventilation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

A pregnant patient who has been experiencing repeated vomiting episodes is admitted to the hospital by her obstetrician.After a series of tests determines that she is suffering from metabolic alkalosis,the physician orders intravenous administration of normal saline.How will this help the patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  It will reduce the vomiting episodes. 
B)  The chloride ions of the solution will replace the acidic ions and relieve the acidic excess responsible for her condition. 
C)  The chloride ions of the solution will replace bicarbonate ions and relieve the bicarbonate excess responsible for her condition. 
D)  The sodium ions of the solution will introduce more bicarbonate ions and relieve the bicarbonate shortage responsible for her condition. 
A)  It will reduce the vomiting episodes. 
B)  The chloride ions of the solution will replace the acidic ions and relieve the acidic excess responsible for her condition. 
C)  The chloride ions of the solution will replace bicarbonate ions and relieve the bicarbonate excess responsible for her condition. 
D)  The sodium ions of the solution will introduce more bicarbonate ions and relieve the bicarbonate shortage responsible for her condition.

Question 17

A rare but very serious complication of metformin therapy is:

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperkalemia. 
B)  lactic acidosis. 
C)  uncompensated acidosis. 
D)  uncompensated alkalosis. 
A)  hyperkalemia. 
B)  lactic acidosis. 
C)  uncompensated acidosis. 
D)  uncompensated alkalosis.

Question 18

Hyperkalemia may have a major effect on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gastrointestinal tract 
B)  Heart 
C)  Kidney 
D)  Liver 
A)  Gastrointestinal tract 
B)  Heart 
C)  Kidney 
D)  Liver

Question 19

Susan has been experiencing prolonged hypoventilation.If not treated soon,Susan may develop what condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prolonged hypoventilation may decrease blood pH enough to produce acidosis. 
B)  Prolonged hypoventilation may increase blood pH enough to produce alkalosis. 
C)  Prolonged hypoventilation may reduce the renal tubule ion exchange mechanisms. 
D)  Prolonged hypoventilation may lead to hyperkalemia. 
A)  Prolonged hypoventilation may decrease blood pH enough to produce acidosis. 
B)  Prolonged hypoventilation may increase blood pH enough to produce alkalosis. 
C)  Prolonged hypoventilation may reduce the renal tubule ion exchange mechanisms. 
D)  Prolonged hypoventilation may lead to hyperkalemia.

Question 20

Potassium,calcium,sodium,and magnesium are all mineral elements that are acidic in solution.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 33: Acid-Base Balance

Which statement best outlines the reason hyperventilation can result in loss of consciousness?

Hyperventilation can result in loss of consciousness because:

Venous blood returning from the lungs would have a higher pH than blood returning from the inferior vena cava.

What is the chloride shift and what is its cause?

Match each term with it corresponding definition. -bicarbonate excess caused by excessive antacid use or excessive vomiting

Life-threatening vomiting can occur both in infants and in pregnant women.

Describe the respiratory compensation for a change in blood pH.

Strong evidence shows that bicarbonate loading counteracts the effects of lactic acid buildup in athletes.

The protein buffer system represents a chemical buffer system in the body with a delayed response time.

Stomach acid is the most alkaline substance in the body.

A chloride shift that occurs in the neutralization of carbonic acid involves the replacement of a bicarbonate ion for chloride ions.

Which of the following is not a weak acid?

If the blood pH decreases below normal,the kidney tubules secrete:

A solution with pH of 7 would contain _____ times the number of hydrogen ions as a solution with a pH of 8.

An increase in blood pH above normal may result in hypoventilation.

A pregnant patient who has been experiencing repeated vomiting episodes is admitted to the hospital by her obstetrician.After a series of tests determines that she is suffering from metabolic alkalosis,the physician orders intravenous administration of normal saline.How will this help the patient?

A rare but very serious complication of metformin therapy is:

Hyperkalemia may have a major effect on which of the following?

Susan has been experiencing prolonged hypoventilation.If not treated soon,Susan may develop what condition?

Potassium,calcium,sodium,and magnesium are all mineral elements that are acidic in solution.

A: Organization of the Body

B: Organization of the Body

A: The Chemical Basis of Life

B: The Chemical Basis of Life

A: Anatomy of Cells

B: Anatomy of Cells

Physiology of Cells

Cell Growth and Reproduction

Tissues

A: Skin and Its Appendages

B: Skin and Its Appendages

A: Skeletal Tissues

B: Skeletal Tissues

Skeletal System

A: Articulations

B: Articulations

A: Anatomy of the Muscular System

B: Anatomy of the Muscular System

A: Physiology of the Muscular System

B: Physiology of the Muscular System

A: Nervous System Cells

B: Nervous System Cells

A: Central Nervous System

B: Central Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous System

Autonomic Nervous System

A: Sense Organs

B: Sense Organs

Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Blood

Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System

A: Physiology of the Cardiovascular System

B: Physiology of the Cardiovascular System

Lymphatic System

A: Immune System

B: Immune System

Stress

Anatomy of the Respiratory System

A: Physiology of the Respiratory System

B: Physiology of the Respiratory System

A: Anatomy of the Digestive System

B: Anatomy of the Digestive System

A: Physiology of the Digestive System

B: Physiology of the Digestive System

A: Nutrition and Metabolism

B: Nutrition and Metabolism

A: Urinary System

B: Urinary System

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Male Reproductive System

A: Female Reproductive System

B: Female Reproductive System

A: Growth and Development

B: Growth and Development

A: Genetics and Heredity

B: Genetics and Heredity

Filters