Question 1

When the kidney secretes hydrogen ions,it primarily reabsorbs _____ ions.

Accepted Answer

A)  potassium 
B)  calcium 
C)  chloride 
D)  sodium 
A)  potassium 
B)  calcium 
C)  chloride 
D)  sodium

Question 2

Because saline solutions have chloride in them,they can be used to treat metabolic alkalosis caused by vomiting.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Which of the following ratios of base bicarbonate to carbonic acid will maintain a normal pH?

Accepted Answer

A)  3:1 
B)  5:1 
C)  10:1 
D)  20:1 
A)  3:1 
B)  5:1 
C)  10:1 
D)  20:1

Question 4

A decrease in blood pH below normal tends to:

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulate increased respirations. 
B)  produce hypoventilation. 
C)  stimulate a compensatory increase in blood hydrogen ion concentration through the respiratory system. 
D)  do both B and C. 
A)  stimulate increased respirations. 
B)  produce hypoventilation. 
C)  stimulate a compensatory increase in blood hydrogen ion concentration through the respiratory system. 
D)  do both B and C.

Question 5

The respiratory mechanism is a much more effective device for adjusting hydrogen output to hydrogen input than is the urinary mechanism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Vomiting results in acidosis because of the loss of chloride from the stomach.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

In the body,which of the following substances might be used to buffer a strong base such as NaOH?

Accepted Answer

A)  H2CO3 
B)  KHCO3 
C)  Proteins 
D)  None of the above 
A)  H2CO3 
B)  KHCO3 
C)  Proteins 
D)  None of the above

Question 8

Ketone bodies are buffered mainly by plasma proteins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of the following is a true statement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Arterial blood has a higher hydrogen ion concentration than venous blood. 
B)  Venous blood has a higher pH than arterial blood. 
C)  Arterial blood has an average pH of 7.41. 
D)  Venous blood has a lower hydrogen ion concentration than arterial blood. 
A)  Arterial blood has a higher hydrogen ion concentration than venous blood. 
B)  Venous blood has a higher pH than arterial blood. 
C)  Arterial blood has an average pH of 7.41. 
D)  Venous blood has a lower hydrogen ion concentration than arterial blood.

Question 10

A solution with a pH of 7 would have no hydrogen ions in solution.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Beta-hydroxybutyric acid results from the metabolism of:

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose. 
B)  amino acids. 
C)  fats. 
D)  ribonucleotides. 
A)  glucose. 
B)  amino acids. 
C)  fats. 
D)  ribonucleotides.

Question 12

The process of exchanging a bicarbonate ion formed in the red blood cell with a chloride ion from the plasma is called the chloride shift.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

How is the renal tubule excretion of ammonia involved in maintaining the acid-base balance?

Accepted Answer

A)  An increase in blood pH accelerates tubule excretion of both hydrogen and ammonia. A decrease in blood pH produces the opposite effects, thus maintaining pH balance. 
B)  A decrease in blood pH accelerates tubule excretion of both hydrogen and ammonia. An increase in blood pH produces the opposite effects, thus maintaining pH balance. 
C)  Renal tubule excretion of ammonia causes the combining of hydrogen to form ammonium ions that decrease the blood bicarbonate buffer pair ratio. 
D)  Ammonia excreted by renal tubules has no effect on acid-base balance. 
A)  An increase in blood pH accelerates tubule excretion of both hydrogen and ammonia. A decrease in blood pH produces the opposite effects, thus maintaining pH balance. 
B)  A decrease in blood pH accelerates tubule excretion of both hydrogen and ammonia. An increase in blood pH produces the opposite effects, thus maintaining pH balance. 
C)  Renal tubule excretion of ammonia causes the combining of hydrogen to form ammonium ions that decrease the blood bicarbonate buffer pair ratio. 
D)  Ammonia excreted by renal tubules has no effect on acid-base balance.

Question 14

The physiological buffers serve as a secondary defense against harmful shifts in the pH of body fluids.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The more an acid dissociates,the stronger the acid is said to be.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The kidney gets rid of excess hydrogen ions by the process of filtration.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

A solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of 1.0 ´ 10-¹ per liter would have a pH of:

Accepted Answer

A)  10. 
B)  -1. 
C)  1. 
D)  none of the above. 
A)  10. 
B)  -1. 
C)  1. 
D)  none of the above.

Question 18

Vomiting results in alkalosis because of the loss of sodium from the stomach.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Normally the blood buffer system converts a strong acid to a weak acid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

If HCl were buffered by NaHCO₃,the formation of _____ would not occur.

Accepted Answer

A)  NaCl 
B)  water 
C)  H-HCO3 
D)  All of the above would occur. 
A)  NaCl 
B)  water 
C)  H-HCO3 
D)  All of the above would occur.

Exam 33: Acid-Base Balance

When the kidney secretes hydrogen ions,it primarily reabsorbs _____ ions.

Because saline solutions have chloride in them,they can be used to treat metabolic alkalosis caused by vomiting.

Which of the following ratios of base bicarbonate to carbonic acid will maintain a normal pH?

A decrease in blood pH below normal tends to:

The respiratory mechanism is a much more effective device for adjusting hydrogen output to hydrogen input than is the urinary mechanism.

Vomiting results in acidosis because of the loss of chloride from the stomach.

In the body,which of the following substances might be used to buffer a strong base such as NaOH?

Ketone bodies are buffered mainly by plasma proteins.

Which of the following is a true statement?

A solution with a pH of 7 would have no hydrogen ions in solution.

Beta-hydroxybutyric acid results from the metabolism of:

The process of exchanging a bicarbonate ion formed in the red blood cell with a chloride ion from the plasma is called the chloride shift.

How is the renal tubule excretion of ammonia involved in maintaining the acid-base balance?

The physiological buffers serve as a secondary defense against harmful shifts in the pH of body fluids.

The more an acid dissociates,the stronger the acid is said to be.

The kidney gets rid of excess hydrogen ions by the process of filtration.

A solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of 1.0 ´ 10-¹ per liter would have a pH of:

Vomiting results in alkalosis because of the loss of sodium from the stomach.

Normally the blood buffer system converts a strong acid to a weak acid.

If HCl were buffered by NaHCO₃,the formation of _____ would not occur.

A: Organization of the Body

B: Organization of the Body

A: The Chemical Basis of Life

B: The Chemical Basis of Life

A: Anatomy of Cells

B: Anatomy of Cells

Physiology of Cells

Cell Growth and Reproduction

Tissues

A: Skin and Its Appendages

B: Skin and Its Appendages

A: Skeletal Tissues

B: Skeletal Tissues

Skeletal System

A: Articulations

B: Articulations

A: Anatomy of the Muscular System

B: Anatomy of the Muscular System

A: Physiology of the Muscular System

B: Physiology of the Muscular System

A: Nervous System Cells

B: Nervous System Cells

A: Central Nervous System

B: Central Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous System

Autonomic Nervous System

A: Sense Organs

B: Sense Organs

Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Blood

Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System

A: Physiology of the Cardiovascular System

B: Physiology of the Cardiovascular System

Lymphatic System

A: Immune System

B: Immune System

Stress

Anatomy of the Respiratory System

A: Physiology of the Respiratory System

B: Physiology of the Respiratory System

A: Anatomy of the Digestive System

B: Anatomy of the Digestive System

A: Physiology of the Digestive System

B: Physiology of the Digestive System

A: Nutrition and Metabolism

B: Nutrition and Metabolism

A: Urinary System

B: Urinary System

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Male Reproductive System

A: Female Reproductive System

B: Female Reproductive System

A: Growth and Development

B: Growth and Development

A: Genetics and Heredity

B: Genetics and Heredity

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