Question 1

An elevated blood bicarbonate level may be an indication that the kidneys are excreting hydrogen ions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

CO₂ entering venous blood gives it a slightly lower pH than arterial blood.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Match each term with it corresponding definition.
-substance that prevents marked changes in the pH of a solution

Accepted Answer

A) Alkaline 
B) pH 
C) Buffer 
D) Acid 
E) Alkalosis
F)Chloride shift
G)Acidosis
H)Metabolic alkalosis
I)Metabolic acidosis
J)Respiratory acidosis
K)Respiratory alkalosis 
A) Alkaline 
B) pH 
C) Buffer 
D) Acid 
E) Alkalosis
F)Chloride shift
G)Acidosis
H)Metabolic alkalosis
I)Metabolic acidosis
J)Respiratory acidosis
K)Respiratory alkalosis

Question 4

Why are metabolic and respiratory acidosis treated by the intravenous infusion of solutions containing sodium lactate?

Accepted Answer

A)  The infused lactate ions are metabolized by the liver cells and converted to sodium ions, which help replace the depleted sodium reserves required to restore acid-base balance. 
B)  The infused lactate ions are metabolized by the liver cells and converted to potassium ions, which help restore the depleted potassium reserves required to restore acid-base balance. 
C)  The infused lactate ions are metabolized by the liver cells and converted to carbonic acid, which helps restore the depleted bicarbonate reserves required to restore acid-base balance. 
D)  The infused lactate ions are metabolized by the liver cells and converted to bicarbonate ions, which help restore the depleted bicarbonate reserves required to restore acid-base balance. 
A)  The infused lactate ions are metabolized by the liver cells and converted to sodium ions, which help replace the depleted sodium reserves required to restore acid-base balance. 
B)  The infused lactate ions are metabolized by the liver cells and converted to potassium ions, which help restore the depleted potassium reserves required to restore acid-base balance. 
C)  The infused lactate ions are metabolized by the liver cells and converted to carbonic acid, which helps restore the depleted bicarbonate reserves required to restore acid-base balance. 
D)  The infused lactate ions are metabolized by the liver cells and converted to bicarbonate ions, which help restore the depleted bicarbonate reserves required to restore acid-base balance.

Question 5

The linkage between the hydrogen and potassium ions in the kidney can cause a drop in blood potassium when large amounts of hydrogen ion need to be excreted.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Phosphoric acid accumulates when what is broken down in the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fats 
B)  Amino acids 
C)  Ribonucleotides 
D)  Carbohydrates 
A)  Fats 
B)  Amino acids 
C)  Ribonucleotides 
D)  Carbohydrates

Question 7

The functioning of the Na-K pump transport mechanism falls by 50% if the pH:

Accepted Answer

A)  falls by 1 unit. 
B)  falls by 2 units. 
C)  falls by 3 units. 
D)  rises by 1 unit. 
A)  falls by 1 unit. 
B)  falls by 2 units. 
C)  falls by 3 units. 
D)  rises by 1 unit.

Question 8

In the bicarbonate buffer system,the weak acid carbonic acid is used to buffer a strong base such as NaOH.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

If HCl were buffered by NaHCO₃,what would occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  There would be a slight rise in pH. 
B)  There would be a large drop in pH. 
C)  There would be a slight drop in pH. 
D)  There would be a large rise in pH. 
A)  There would be a slight rise in pH. 
B)  There would be a large drop in pH. 
C)  There would be a slight drop in pH. 
D)  There would be a large rise in pH.

Question 10

A solution with a pH of 6 would have a hydrogen ion concentration of _____ per liter.

Accepted Answer

A)  0.000006 
B)  0.0000001 
C)  0.000001 
D)  None of the above is correct. 
A)  0.000006 
B)  0.0000001 
C)  0.000001 
D)  None of the above is correct.

Question 11

In the bicarbonate buffer system,the weak acid carbonic acid is used to buffer a strong acid such as HCl.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following would indicate a neutral solution?

Accepted Answer

A)  pH 7 
B)  pH 6 
C)  pH 8 
D)  pH 10 
A)  pH 7 
B)  pH 6 
C)  pH 8 
D)  pH 10

Question 13

On the pH scale,as the value moves from 14 toward 7,the concentration of hydroxide ions increases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Match each term with it corresponding definition.
-arterial blood pH greater than 7.45

Accepted Answer

A) Alkaline 
B) pH 
C) Buffer 
D) Acid 
E) Alkalosis
F)Chloride shift
G)Acidosis
H)Metabolic alkalosis
I)Metabolic acidosis
J)Respiratory acidosis
K)Respiratory alkalosis 
A) Alkaline 
B) pH 
C) Buffer 
D) Acid 
E) Alkalosis
F)Chloride shift
G)Acidosis
H)Metabolic alkalosis
I)Metabolic acidosis
J)Respiratory acidosis
K)Respiratory alkalosis

Question 15

A man was advised to acidify his urine to help reduce the development of kidney stones.To accomplish that,he has been drinking a large glass of grapefruit juice every day.Which of the following explains why this is ineffective and gives a food choice that will make his urine acidic?

Accepted Answer

A)  Grapefruit juice is not acid-forming when metabolized; cranberry juice is acid-forming and will acidify his blood, resulting in a decreased urine pH. 
B)  Grapefruit juice is not acid-forming when metabolized; orange juice is acid-forming and will acidify his blood, resulting in a decreased urine pH. 
C)  Grapefruit juice will acidify both blood and urine, thereby balancing the urine pH; beet juice will change the pH in the urine. 
D)  Grapefruit juice is not acid-forming when metabolized; a calcium carbonate tablet will acidify his blood resulting in a decreased urine pH. 
A)  Grapefruit juice is not acid-forming when metabolized; cranberry juice is acid-forming and will acidify his blood, resulting in a decreased urine pH. 
B)  Grapefruit juice is not acid-forming when metabolized; orange juice is acid-forming and will acidify his blood, resulting in a decreased urine pH. 
C)  Grapefruit juice will acidify both blood and urine, thereby balancing the urine pH; beet juice will change the pH in the urine. 
D)  Grapefruit juice is not acid-forming when metabolized; a calcium carbonate tablet will acidify his blood resulting in a decreased urine pH.

Question 16

Assume the strong base NaOH was added to a solution that contained the phosphate buffer pair Na₂HPO₄/NaH₂PO₄.Write out the chemical equation that shows how this buffer pair would react to the NaOH.

Accepted Answer

The chemical equation for the reaction b

Question 17

High-protein foods are referred to as acid-forming.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

In the body,which of the following substances might be used to buffer a strong acid such as HCl?

Accepted Answer

A)  H2CO3 
B)  Hemoglobin 
C)  NaHCO3 
D)  None of the above 
A)  H2CO3 
B)  Hemoglobin 
C)  NaHCO3 
D)  None of the above

Question 19

Bicarbonate loading can lead to diarrhea and electrolyte imbalance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which of the following would have the greatest concentration of hydrogen ions?

Accepted Answer

A)  pH 2 
B)  pH 6 
C)  pH 8 
D)  pH 10 
A)  pH 2 
B)  pH 6 
C)  pH 8 
D)  pH 10

Exam 33: Acid-Base Balance

An elevated blood bicarbonate level may be an indication that the kidneys are excreting hydrogen ions.

CO₂ entering venous blood gives it a slightly lower pH than arterial blood.

Match each term with it corresponding definition. -substance that prevents marked changes in the pH of a solution

Why are metabolic and respiratory acidosis treated by the intravenous infusion of solutions containing sodium lactate?

The linkage between the hydrogen and potassium ions in the kidney can cause a drop in blood potassium when large amounts of hydrogen ion need to be excreted.

Phosphoric acid accumulates when what is broken down in the body?

The functioning of the Na-K pump transport mechanism falls by 50% if the pH:

In the bicarbonate buffer system,the weak acid carbonic acid is used to buffer a strong base such as NaOH.

If HCl were buffered by NaHCO₃,what would occur?

A solution with a pH of 6 would have a hydrogen ion concentration of _____ per liter.

In the bicarbonate buffer system,the weak acid carbonic acid is used to buffer a strong acid such as HCl.

Which of the following would indicate a neutral solution?

On the pH scale,as the value moves from 14 toward 7,the concentration of hydroxide ions increases.

Match each term with it corresponding definition. -arterial blood pH greater than 7.45

A man was advised to acidify his urine to help reduce the development of kidney stones.To accomplish that,he has been drinking a large glass of grapefruit juice every day.Which of the following explains why this is ineffective and gives a food choice that will make his urine acidic?

Assume the strong base NaOH was added to a solution that contained the phosphate buffer pair Na₂HPO₄/NaH₂PO₄.Write out the chemical equation that shows how this buffer pair would react to the NaOH.

High-protein foods are referred to as acid-forming.

In the body,which of the following substances might be used to buffer a strong acid such as HCl?

Bicarbonate loading can lead to diarrhea and electrolyte imbalance.

Which of the following would have the greatest concentration of hydrogen ions?

A: Organization of the Body

B: Organization of the Body

A: The Chemical Basis of Life

B: The Chemical Basis of Life

A: Anatomy of Cells

B: Anatomy of Cells

Physiology of Cells

Cell Growth and Reproduction

Tissues

A: Skin and Its Appendages

B: Skin and Its Appendages

A: Skeletal Tissues

B: Skeletal Tissues

Skeletal System

A: Articulations

B: Articulations

A: Anatomy of the Muscular System

B: Anatomy of the Muscular System

A: Physiology of the Muscular System

B: Physiology of the Muscular System

A: Nervous System Cells

B: Nervous System Cells

A: Central Nervous System

B: Central Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous System

Autonomic Nervous System

A: Sense Organs

B: Sense Organs

Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Blood

Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System

A: Physiology of the Cardiovascular System

B: Physiology of the Cardiovascular System

Lymphatic System

A: Immune System

B: Immune System

Stress

Anatomy of the Respiratory System

A: Physiology of the Respiratory System

B: Physiology of the Respiratory System

A: Anatomy of the Digestive System

B: Anatomy of the Digestive System

A: Physiology of the Digestive System

B: Physiology of the Digestive System

A: Nutrition and Metabolism

B: Nutrition and Metabolism

A: Urinary System

B: Urinary System

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Male Reproductive System

A: Female Reproductive System

B: Female Reproductive System

A: Growth and Development

B: Growth and Development

A: Genetics and Heredity

B: Genetics and Heredity

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