Question 1

Unlike in the case of goal-setting theory, MBO strongly advocates ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-generated feedback 
B)  explicit time periods 
C)  jointly set goals 
D)  independent tasks 
E)  specific performance objectives 
A)  self-generated feedback 
B)  explicit time periods 
C)  jointly set goals 
D)  independent tasks 
E)  specific performance objectives

Question 2

Explain what an MBO program is and discuss the common elements of MBO programs and goal-setting theory.

Accepted Answer

Management by objectives (MBO) is a prog

Question 3

Briefly explain Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory.

Accepted Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs hypothesized

Question 4

The ________ theory is also known as the social cognitive theory or the social learning theory.

Accepted Answer

A)  two-factor 
B)  self-determination 
C)  goal-setting 
D)  self-efficacy 
E)  reinforcement 
A)  two-factor 
B)  self-determination 
C)  goal-setting 
D)  self-efficacy 
E)  reinforcement

Question 5

If a manager incorrectly assumes that all employees want the same thing, then according to the expectancy theory, it is most likely to result in a weak ________ relationship.

Accepted Answer

A)  performance-achievement 
B)  effort-performance 
C)  performance-reward 
D)  rewards-personal goals 
E)  effort-satisfaction 
A)  performance-achievement 
B)  effort-performance 
C)  performance-reward 
D)  rewards-personal goals 
E)  effort-satisfaction

Question 6

Edith believes that the methods for determining salary hikes and bonuses in her company are extremely unfair. In this case, Edith perceives a lack of ________ justice.

Accepted Answer

A)  interpersonal 
B)  distributive 
C)  associative 
D)  procedural 
E)  interactional 
A)  interpersonal 
B)  distributive 
C)  associative 
D)  procedural 
E)  interactional

Question 7

Self-determination theory proposes that in addition to being driven by a need for autonomy, people seek ways to achieve ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  competence and positive connections 
B)  high rewards 
C)  recognition and status 
D)  career growth 
E)  power and control 
A)  competence and positive connections 
B)  high rewards 
C)  recognition and status 
D)  career growth 
E)  power and control

Question 8

According to the expectancy theory, the performance-reward relationship is the degree to which ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the individual believes performing at a particular level will lead to desired outcomes 
B)  organizational rewards satisfy an individual's personal goals or needs 
C)  organizational rewards are perceived as attractive by the individual 
D)  the individual believes that exerting a given amount of effort will lead to performance 
E)  organization rewards correspond with the individual's level of effort 
A)  the individual believes performing at a particular level will lead to desired outcomes 
B)  organizational rewards satisfy an individual's personal goals or needs 
C)  organizational rewards are perceived as attractive by the individual 
D)  the individual believes that exerting a given amount of effort will lead to performance 
E)  organization rewards correspond with the individual's level of effort

Question 9

Assigned goals appear to generate greater goal commitment in low-power cultures than in high power-distance cultures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Rachel's parents used to pay her an allowance every week to feed the cats and to do a few other chores around the house. However, once her mother lost her job, her parents stopped giving her an allowance. Although Rachel quit making her bed every morning, she still continued to feed the cats. Which of the following best explains why Rachel continues to feed the cats?

Accepted Answer

A)  Without the extrinsic reward, the task itself is eliminated. 
B)  With the extrinsic reward, the execution of the task relies on internal motivation. 
C)  Without the intrinsic reward, the execution of the task relies on external motivation. 
D)  Without the extrinsic reward, the execution of the task relies on internal motivation. 
E)  With the intrinsic reward, the execution of the task relies on external motivation. 
A)  Without the extrinsic reward, the task itself is eliminated. 
B)  With the extrinsic reward, the execution of the task relies on internal motivation. 
C)  Without the intrinsic reward, the execution of the task relies on external motivation. 
D)  Without the extrinsic reward, the execution of the task relies on internal motivation. 
E)  With the intrinsic reward, the execution of the task relies on external motivation.

Question 11

According to the two-factor theory, ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  there exists a hierarchy of needs within every human being, and as each need is satisfied, the next one becomes dominant 
B)  most employees inherently dislike work and must therefore be directed or even coerced into performing it 
C)  employees view work as being as natural as rest or play, and therefore learn to accept, and even seek, responsibility 
D)  the aspects that lead to job satisfaction are separate and distinct from those that lead to job dissatisfaction 
E)  achievement, power, and affiliation are three important needs that help explain motivation 
A)  there exists a hierarchy of needs within every human being, and as each need is satisfied, the next one becomes dominant 
B)  most employees inherently dislike work and must therefore be directed or even coerced into performing it 
C)  employees view work as being as natural as rest or play, and therefore learn to accept, and even seek, responsibility 
D)  the aspects that lead to job satisfaction are separate and distinct from those that lead to job dissatisfaction 
E)  achievement, power, and affiliation are three important needs that help explain motivation

Question 12

Erika wants to become the head of the HR department. Although the role comes with a generous salary hike and will put her in charge of several subordinates, she is mainly pursuing this position because she believes she can do the job better than anyone else and wants people to know this. According to McClelland's theory of needs, which of the following needs is Erika primarily driven by in this case?

Accepted Answer

A)  the need for stability 
B)  the need for achievement 
C)  the need for security 
D)  the need for affiliation 
E)  the need for power 
A)  the need for stability 
B)  the need for achievement 
C)  the need for security 
D)  the need for affiliation 
E)  the need for power

Question 13

The level of motivation varies both between individuals and within individuals at different times.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The church you go to every Sunday is made up of people who have very different lifestyles and are at different stages in their life. Joanna is a 23-year-old single parent who works for minimum wage and shifts from motel to motel for accommodation. Josephine is a single, 45-year-old woman who earns a decent salary and has few interests and friends outside her office. Jonathan is 60 years old, extremely wealthy, has a loving family, and enjoys his work. You have decided to apply Maslow's hierarchy of needs to determine what motivates each of these individuals.
-Which of the following needs would most likely motivate Joanna?

Accepted Answer

A)  social 
B)  esteem 
C)  physiological 
D)  self-actualization 
E)  safety-security 
A)  social 
B)  esteem 
C)  physiological 
D)  self-actualization 
E)  safety-security

Question 15

The best way for a manager to use verbal persuasion is through the ________, a form of self-fulfilling prophecy in which believing something can make it true.

Accepted Answer

A)  confirmation bias 
B)  Pygmalion effect 
C)  anchoring bias 
D)  framing effect 
E)  Electra complex 
A)  confirmation bias 
B)  Pygmalion effect 
C)  anchoring bias 
D)  framing effect 
E)  Electra complex

Question 16

What are the three relationships in Vroom's expectancy theory?

Accepted Answer

Expectancy theory argues that the streng

Question 17

According to the two-factor theory proposed by Herzberg, which of the following is considered a hygiene factor?

Accepted Answer

A)  promotional opportunities 
B)  quality of supervision 
C)  achievement 
D)  recognition 
E)  responsibility 
A)  promotional opportunities 
B)  quality of supervision 
C)  achievement 
D)  recognition 
E)  responsibility

Question 18

The church you go to every Sunday is made up of people who have very different lifestyles and are at different stages in their life. Joanna is a 23-year-old single parent who works for minimum wage and shifts from motel to motel for accommodation. Josephine is a single, 45-year-old woman who earns a decent salary and has few interests and friends outside her office. Jonathan is 60 years old, extremely wealthy, has a loving family, and enjoys his work. You have decided to apply Maslow's hierarchy of needs to determine what motivates each of these individuals.
-Which of the following needs would most likely motivate Josephine?

Accepted Answer

A)  social-belongingness 
B)  esteem 
C)  physiological 
D)  self-actualization 
E)  safety-security 
A)  social-belongingness 
B)  esteem 
C)  physiological 
D)  self-actualization 
E)  safety-security

Question 19

Which of the following theories discusses three relationships: effort-performance relationship, performance-reward relationship, and rewards-personal goals relationship?

Accepted Answer

A)  goal-setting theory 
B)  self-efficacy theory 
C)  equity theory 
D)  expectancy theory 
E)  self-determination theory 
A)  goal-setting theory 
B)  self-efficacy theory 
C)  equity theory 
D)  expectancy theory 
E)  self-determination theory

Question 20

Oscar is looking for a new job. He used to be the company's top sales representative and was eagerly expecting to be promoted. However, one of the regional manager's friends was promoted to district manager instead. According to the expectancy theory, Oscar's dissatisfaction with his current job stems from a breakdown in the ________ relationship.

Accepted Answer

A)  performance-reward 
B)  effort-performance 
C)  reward-personal goal 
D)  satisfaction-effort 
E)  personal goal-self actualization 
A)  performance-reward 
B)  effort-performance 
C)  reward-personal goal 
D)  satisfaction-effort 
E)  personal goal-self actualization

Unlike in the case of goal-setting theory, MBO strongly advocates ________.

Explain what an MBO program is and discuss the common elements of MBO programs and goal-setting theory.

Briefly explain Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory.

The ________ theory is also known as the social cognitive theory or the social learning theory.

If a manager incorrectly assumes that all employees want the same thing, then according to the expectancy theory, it is most likely to result in a weak ________ relationship.

Edith believes that the methods for determining salary hikes and bonuses in her company are extremely unfair. In this case, Edith perceives a lack of ________ justice.

Self-determination theory proposes that in addition to being driven by a need for autonomy, people seek ways to achieve ________.

According to the expectancy theory, the performance-reward relationship is the degree to which ________.

Assigned goals appear to generate greater goal commitment in low-power cultures than in high power-distance cultures.

According to the two-factor theory, ________.

The level of motivation varies both between individuals and within individuals at different times.

The best way for a manager to use verbal persuasion is through the ________, a form of self-fulfilling prophecy in which believing something can make it true.

What are the three relationships in Vroom's expectancy theory?

According to the two-factor theory proposed by Herzberg, which of the following is considered a hygiene factor?

Which of the following theories discusses three relationships: effort-performance relationship, performance-reward relationship, and rewards-personal goals relationship?

What Is Organizational Behavior?

Diversity in Organizations

Attitudes and Job Satisfaction

Emotions and Moods

Personality and Values

Perception and Individual Decision Making

Motivation: From Concepts to Applications

Foundations of Group Behavior

Understanding Work Teams

Communication

Leadership

Power and Politics

Conflict and Negotiation

Foundations of Organization Structure

Organizational Culture

Human Resource Policies and Practices

Organizational Change and Stress Management

Filters

Exam 7: Motivation Concepts

Unlike in the case of goal-setting theory, MBO strongly advocates ________.

Explain what an MBO program is and discuss the common elements of MBO programs and goal-setting theory.

Briefly explain Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory.

The ________ theory is also known as the social cognitive theory or the social learning theory.

If a manager incorrectly assumes that all employees want the same thing, then according to the expectancy theory, it is most likely to result in a weak ________ relationship.

Edith believes that the methods for determining salary hikes and bonuses in her company are extremely unfair. In this case, Edith perceives a lack of ________ justice.

Self-determination theory proposes that in addition to being driven by a need for autonomy, people seek ways to achieve ________.

According to the expectancy theory, the performance-reward relationship is the degree to which ________.

Assigned goals appear to generate greater goal commitment in low-power cultures than in high power-distance cultures.

According to the two-factor theory, ________.

The level of motivation varies both between individuals and within individuals at different times.

The best way for a manager to use verbal persuasion is through the ________, a form of self-fulfilling prophecy in which believing something can make it true.

What are the three relationships in Vroom's expectancy theory?

According to the two-factor theory proposed by Herzberg, which of the following is considered a hygiene factor?

Which of the following theories discusses three relationships: effort-performance relationship, performance-reward relationship, and rewards-personal goals relationship?

What Is Organizational Behavior?

Diversity in Organizations

Attitudes and Job Satisfaction

Emotions and Moods

Personality and Values

Perception and Individual Decision Making

Motivation: From Concepts to Applications

Foundations of Group Behavior

Understanding Work Teams

Communication

Leadership

Power and Politics

Conflict and Negotiation

Foundations of Organization Structure

Organizational Culture

Human Resource Policies and Practices

Organizational Change and Stress Management

Filters