Exam 15: A Brief History of Management

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Describe how systems theorists and contingency theorists differ from classical and behavioral theorists.

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The classical and behavioral and the systems theorists differ in the way they conceptualize the organization and its problems.The classical and behavioral theorists use a reductionist approach by breaking the organization into its component parts to understand the whole (sum of parts = whole).Systems theorists look at the organization as a whole and the interrelationship of its parts to understand the whole (whole = interrelationship of parts).
The classical and behavioral theorists seek the best management approach in all organizations.The contingency theorists propose that there is no best approach for all organizations; they seek to determine which management approach will work best in a given situation.

Systems theorists:

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C

Max Weber developed the bureaucracy concept.

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The classical theorists stressed the need for technical skills,whereas the behavioral theorists stressed the need for human skills.

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Behavioral theorists:

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In contrast to behavioral theorists,classical theorists:

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Mary Parker Follett is commonly referred to as the First Lady of Management.

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The management science theorists focus on the science of management to aid in problem solving and decision making.

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All of the following are classical theorists EXCEPT:

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The contingency theorists focus on determining the best management approach for all situations.

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The sociotechnical theorists focus on integrating people and technology.

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Sociotechnical theorists focus on:

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__________ theorists focus on the use of mathematics to aid in problem solving and decision making.

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The classical theorists focus on the job and management functions to determine the best way to manage in all organizations.

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Systems theory stresses the need for __________ skills in order to understand how an organization's subsystems (departments)interrelate and contribute to the organization as a whole.

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The systems theorists focus on viewing the organization as a whole and as the interrelationship of its parts.

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The classical and behavioral theorists were similar in that they both sought:

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The behavioral theorists focus on people to:

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Theory X managers assume that people like to work.

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State the major similarities and differences between the classical and behavioral theorists.

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