Question 1

Endospores are formed

Accepted Answer

A) when Gram-positive bacteria are growing very rapidly. 
B) by bacteria when threatened by other organisms. 
C) when bacterial growth is inhibited due to unfavourable conditions. 
D) as a more efficient method of reproduction for bacteria. 
E) as a type of sexual reproduction in bacteria. 
A) when Gram-positive bacteria are growing very rapidly. 
B) by bacteria when threatened by other organisms. 
C) when bacterial growth is inhibited due to unfavourable conditions. 
D) as a more efficient method of reproduction for bacteria. 
E) as a type of sexual reproduction in bacteria.

Question 2

Endospores are

Accepted Answer

A) an important method of survival for some bacteria. 
B) a method of sexual reproduction. 
C) only formed by intracellular bacteria. 
D) found in all pathogenic bacteria. 
E) all of the above. 
A) an important method of survival for some bacteria. 
B) a method of sexual reproduction. 
C) only formed by intracellular bacteria. 
D) found in all pathogenic bacteria. 
E) all of the above.

Question 3

The structure that protects some bacteria from heat at 100ᵒC is the

Accepted Answer

A) capsule. 
B) capsid. 
C) endospore. 
D) envelope. 
E) cell wall. 
A) capsule. 
B) capsid. 
C) endospore. 
D) envelope. 
E) cell wall.

Question 4

Anaerobic bacteria

Accepted Answer

A) must have oxygen to grow. 
B) do not reproduce in the presence of oxygen. 
C) are always pathogenic. 
D) can survive in the presence or absence of oxygen. 
E) can only grow in the intestine. 
A) must have oxygen to grow. 
B) do not reproduce in the presence of oxygen. 
C) are always pathogenic. 
D) can survive in the presence or absence of oxygen. 
E) can only grow in the intestine.

Question 5

The anaerobic Gram-positive bacillus that can cause severe diarrhoea in patients given antibiotics is

Accepted Answer

A) Clostridium difficile. 
B) Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 
C) Campylobacter jejuni. 
D) Vibrio cholerae. 
E) Escherichia coli. 
A) Clostridium difficile. 
B) Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 
C) Campylobacter jejuni. 
D) Vibrio cholerae. 
E) Escherichia coli.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of the bacterial cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A) To provide structural support for the bacterial cell. 
B) To control the passage of nutrients into the cell. 
C) The synthesis of cell wall components. 
D) The secretion of proteins out of the cell. 
E) To carry out metabolic reactions. 
A) To provide structural support for the bacterial cell. 
B) To control the passage of nutrients into the cell. 
C) The synthesis of cell wall components. 
D) The secretion of proteins out of the cell. 
E) To carry out metabolic reactions.

Question 7

Rod-shaped bacteria are called

Accepted Answer

A) eubacteria. 
B) bacilli. 
C) cocci. 
D) vibrios. 
E) endospores. 
A) eubacteria. 
B) bacilli. 
C) cocci. 
D) vibrios. 
E) endospores.

Question 8

Which of the following is an essential requirement of all bacteria for reproduction?

Accepted Answer

A) Water. 
B) Oxygen. 
C) Light. 
D) Warmth. 
E) Nitrogen. 
A) Water. 
B) Oxygen. 
C) Light. 
D) Warmth. 
E) Nitrogen.

Question 9

Bacteria which are classified as Gram-positive

Accepted Answer

A) always form endospores. 
B) do not have peptidoglycan in the cell wall. 
C) appear blue/purple when stained with the Gram stain. 
D) have a capsule to help absorb the stain. 
E) all of the above. 
A) always form endospores. 
B) do not have peptidoglycan in the cell wall. 
C) appear blue/purple when stained with the Gram stain. 
D) have a capsule to help absorb the stain. 
E) all of the above.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Bacterial cells contain a small number of chromosomes. 
B) A plasmid is an extra piece of DNA attached to the cell wall. 
C) Bacterial DNA is double stranded. 
D) Genes for antibiotic resistance are found in cytoplasmic inclusions. 
E) All of the above. 
A) Bacterial cells contain a small number of chromosomes. 
B) A plasmid is an extra piece of DNA attached to the cell wall. 
C) Bacterial DNA is double stranded. 
D) Genes for antibiotic resistance are found in cytoplasmic inclusions. 
E) All of the above.

Question 11

The structure that enables bacterial cells to form biofilms on surfaces is the

Accepted Answer

A) flagellum. 
B) pilus. 
C) glucan. 
D) slime layer. 
E) protoplast. 
A) flagellum. 
B) pilus. 
C) glucan. 
D) slime layer. 
E) protoplast.

Question 12

Most medically important bacteria have a generation time of around

Accepted Answer

A) 5 minutes. 
B) 30 minutes. 
C) 10 hours. 
D) 24 hours. 
E) 48 hours. 
A) 5 minutes. 
B) 30 minutes. 
C) 10 hours. 
D) 24 hours. 
E) 48 hours.

Question 13

Plasmids are

Accepted Answer

A) small pieces of DNA which may carry genes for antibiotic resistance. 
B) structures which are only found in pathogenic bacteria. 
C) essential for the correct replication of a bacterial cell. 
D) small pieces of DNA attached to the plasma membrane. 
E) only found in Gram-positive bacteria. 
A) small pieces of DNA which may carry genes for antibiotic resistance. 
B) structures which are only found in pathogenic bacteria. 
C) essential for the correct replication of a bacterial cell. 
D) small pieces of DNA attached to the plasma membrane. 
E) only found in Gram-positive bacteria.

Question 14

A swab from an infected wound is stained with the Gram stain and examined under the microscope.The purpose of Gram staining the specimen is to

Accepted Answer

A) kill the bacteria on the slide. 
B) assist in identifying the organism. 
C) dissolve away contaminating material. 
D) determine whether the organism has a capsule. 
E) examine the cell structure. 
A) kill the bacteria on the slide. 
B) assist in identifying the organism. 
C) dissolve away contaminating material. 
D) determine whether the organism has a capsule. 
E) examine the cell structure.

Question 15

The generation time of bacteria refers to

Accepted Answer

A) the time spent in the logarithmic phase of growth. 
B) the time taken for a cell to reproduce itself. 
C) the period before the bacteria start to grow. 
D) how long it takes for a colony of bacteria to become visible on an agar plate. 
E) the evolutionary period when bacteria first appeared. 
A) the time spent in the logarithmic phase of growth. 
B) the time taken for a cell to reproduce itself. 
C) the period before the bacteria start to grow. 
D) how long it takes for a colony of bacteria to become visible on an agar plate. 
E) the evolutionary period when bacteria first appeared.

Question 16

Which obligate intracellular bacterium causes a common sexually transmitted infection in humans?

Accepted Answer

A) Treponema pallidum. 
B) Chlamydia trachomatis. 
C) Neisseria gonorrhoeae. 
D) Trichomonas vaginalis. 
E) Rickettsiae. 
A) Treponema pallidum. 
B) Chlamydia trachomatis. 
C) Neisseria gonorrhoeae. 
D) Trichomonas vaginalis. 
E) Rickettsiae.

Question 17

During the logarithmic (log)phase of bacterial growth

Accepted Answer

A) the cells are in a resting state. 
B) the cells are dividing at a minimal rate. 
C) there is an exponential increase in cell numbers. 
D) the cells are adapting to their new environment. 
E) none of the above. 
A) the cells are in a resting state. 
B) the cells are dividing at a minimal rate. 
C) there is an exponential increase in cell numbers. 
D) the cells are adapting to their new environment. 
E) none of the above.

Question 18

One of the functions of a bacterial capsule is to

Accepted Answer

A) assist the organism to avoid phagocytosis. 
B) prevent the bacteria from getting stuck to surfaces. 
C) protect the organism from osmosis. 
D) protect the cell from drying out. 
E) all of the above. 
A) assist the organism to avoid phagocytosis. 
B) prevent the bacteria from getting stuck to surfaces. 
C) protect the organism from osmosis. 
D) protect the cell from drying out. 
E) all of the above.

Question 19

High concentrations of salt and sugars in food act as preservatives by

Accepted Answer

A) inactivating nutrients essential for bacterial growth. 
B) changing the level of available oxygen. 
C) altering the pH of the medium. 
D) creating a hypertonic environment. 
E) inhibiting enzyme activity. 
A) inactivating nutrients essential for bacterial growth. 
B) changing the level of available oxygen. 
C) altering the pH of the medium. 
D) creating a hypertonic environment. 
E) inhibiting enzyme activity.

Question 20

Pili

Accepted Answer

A) are hair-like appendages on some bacterial cells. 
B) are structures that assist the bacterial cell to swim. 
C) are required for asexual reproduction in bacterial cells. 
D) are involved in the process of agglutination. 
E) only occur in some Gram-positive bacteria. 
A) are hair-like appendages on some bacterial cells. 
B) are structures that assist the bacterial cell to swim. 
C) are required for asexual reproduction in bacterial cells. 
D) are involved in the process of agglutination. 
E) only occur in some Gram-positive bacteria.

Exam 3: Bacteria

Endospores are formed

Endospores are

The structure that protects some bacteria from heat at 100ᵒC is the

Anaerobic bacteria

The anaerobic Gram-positive bacillus that can cause severe diarrhoea in patients given antibiotics is

Which of the following is NOT a function of the bacterial cell membrane?

Rod-shaped bacteria are called

Which of the following is an essential requirement of all bacteria for reproduction?

Bacteria which are classified as Gram-positive

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

The structure that enables bacterial cells to form biofilms on surfaces is the

Most medically important bacteria have a generation time of around

Plasmids are

A swab from an infected wound is stained with the Gram stain and examined under the microscope.The purpose of Gram staining the specimen is to

The generation time of bacteria refers to

Which obligate intracellular bacterium causes a common sexually transmitted infection in humans?

During the logarithmic (log)phase of bacterial growth

One of the functions of a bacterial capsule is to

High concentrations of salt and sugars in food act as preservatives by

Pili

The Invisible World

Biological Reactions in Microbial Cells

Genes and Biotechnology

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Eucaryotic Microorganisms: Fungi, protozoa and Multicellular Organisms

Hostmicrobe Interactions and Principles of Disease

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Principles of Sterilisation and Disinfection

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Microbial Techniques for Diagnosis of Infection

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