Question 1

Seroprevalence is defined as the

Accepted Answer

A) presence of antibodies in serum. 
B) number of people who are not immune to a particular disease. 
C) prevalence of a particular disease in the community. 
D) number of people who have antibodies to a particular disease. 
E) absence of a particular disease. 
A) presence of antibodies in serum. 
B) number of people who are not immune to a particular disease. 
C) prevalence of a particular disease in the community. 
D) number of people who have antibodies to a particular disease. 
E) absence of a particular disease.

Question 2

Rabies is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) a communicable disease. 
B) a zoonosis. 
C) a biofilm infection. 
D) an opportunistic infection. 
E) an endogenous infection. 
A) a communicable disease. 
B) a zoonosis. 
C) a biofilm infection. 
D) an opportunistic infection. 
E) an endogenous infection.

Question 3

Pathogens that survive for long periods in soil do so because

Accepted Answer

A) the temperature of soil is usually low and favours preservation. 
B) some can form endospores which are very resistant to extreme conditions. 
C) dry conditions are important for some organisms to survive. 
D) they have larval stages which mature in soil. 
E) they are not destroyed by light. 
A) the temperature of soil is usually low and favours preservation. 
B) some can form endospores which are very resistant to extreme conditions. 
C) dry conditions are important for some organisms to survive. 
D) they have larval stages which mature in soil. 
E) they are not destroyed by light.

Question 4

Which of the following is a non-communicable disease?

Accepted Answer

A) Tetanus. 
B) Chickenpox. 
C) Measles. 
D) Influenza. 
E) Hepatitis B. 
A) Tetanus. 
B) Chickenpox. 
C) Measles. 
D) Influenza. 
E) Hepatitis B.

Question 5

If it is stated that 12% of a population acquire a particular disease each year,the figure of 12% is the ______________ of the disease.

Accepted Answer

A) incidence. 
B) prevalence. 
C) attack rate. 
D) morbidity. 
E) case rate. 
A) incidence. 
B) prevalence. 
C) attack rate. 
D) morbidity. 
E) case rate.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Epidemics are caused by diseases for which there is no cure. 
B) A pandemic is a series of epidemics which occur around the world. 
C) A disease that is always present in a community is said to be endemic. 
D) Diseases that occur as unrelated cases are said to be sporadic. 
E) Some endemic diseases show seasonal variation. 
A) Epidemics are caused by diseases for which there is no cure. 
B) A pandemic is a series of epidemics which occur around the world. 
C) A disease that is always present in a community is said to be endemic. 
D) Diseases that occur as unrelated cases are said to be sporadic. 
E) Some endemic diseases show seasonal variation.

Question 7

Which of the following can act as a reservoir for organisms that cause disease?

Accepted Answer

A) Soil. 
B) Humans. 
C) Birds. 
D) Animals. 
E) All of the above. 
A) Soil. 
B) Humans. 
C) Birds. 
D) Animals. 
E) All of the above.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Endogenous infections are caused by organisms already present on the body. 
B) Infections caused by a person's own microbiota are regarded as exogenous. 
C) Endogenous infections have to penetrate the skin to cause disease. 
D) Thrush is usually an exogenous infection. 
E) Endogenous infections are usually caused by viruses. 
A) Endogenous infections are caused by organisms already present on the body. 
B) Infections caused by a person's own microbiota are regarded as exogenous. 
C) Endogenous infections have to penetrate the skin to cause disease. 
D) Thrush is usually an exogenous infection. 
E) Endogenous infections are usually caused by viruses.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Viruses do not use the same portals of entry as bacteria. 
B) The portal of entry is where a microorganism enters the bloodstream. 
C) It is necessary to know the portal of entry of a disease before it can be treated. 
D) The portal of entry of a disease is always the same as the portal of exit. 
E) All of the above. 
A) Viruses do not use the same portals of entry as bacteria. 
B) The portal of entry is where a microorganism enters the bloodstream. 
C) It is necessary to know the portal of entry of a disease before it can be treated. 
D) The portal of entry of a disease is always the same as the portal of exit. 
E) All of the above.

Question 10

Dengue fever is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) a communicable disease. 
B) a congenital infection. 
C) an arboviral infection. 
D) an opportunistic infection. 
E) a zoonosis. 
A) a communicable disease. 
B) a congenital infection. 
C) an arboviral infection. 
D) an opportunistic infection. 
E) a zoonosis.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Epidemiologists are only concerned with mortality figures for infectious diseases. 
B) Epidemiologists try to determine the reasons for an outbreak of infection. 
C) In order to classify an outbreak as an epidemic the index case must be located. 
D) Morbidity data refer to the number of deaths from a disease. 
E) Epidemiology focuses on the diseases that an individual person has had. 
A) Epidemiologists are only concerned with mortality figures for infectious diseases. 
B) Epidemiologists try to determine the reasons for an outbreak of infection. 
C) In order to classify an outbreak as an epidemic the index case must be located. 
D) Morbidity data refer to the number of deaths from a disease. 
E) Epidemiology focuses on the diseases that an individual person has had.

Question 12

Common vehicle transmission means that

Accepted Answer

A) the people have been infected by different organisms from the same source. 
B) the people have become infected from a single source such as food or water. 
C) adequate handwashing practices have not been observed. 
D) the people have acquired the infection while travelling. 
E) infection has occurred in a plane. 
A) the people have been infected by different organisms from the same source. 
B) the people have become infected from a single source such as food or water. 
C) adequate handwashing practices have not been observed. 
D) the people have acquired the infection while travelling. 
E) infection has occurred in a plane.

Question 13

If a person acquires an infection by handling a contaminated telephone it is termed

Accepted Answer

A) an accidental transmission. 
B) a common vehicle transmission. 
C) an indirect contact transmission. 
D) a mechanical transmission. 
E) a superficial transmission. 
A) an accidental transmission. 
B) a common vehicle transmission. 
C) an indirect contact transmission. 
D) a mechanical transmission. 
E) a superficial transmission.

Question 14

In order to cause an infection a microorganism must be able to

Accepted Answer

A) gain access to the host. 
B) adhere to host tissue. 
C) resist or evade host defences. 
D) damage host tissue. 
E) all of the above. 
A) gain access to the host. 
B) adhere to host tissue. 
C) resist or evade host defences. 
D) damage host tissue. 
E) all of the above.

Question 15

Biological transmission refers to

Accepted Answer

A) the spread of a pathogen on the body of an insect such as a fly. 
B) transmission of an organism that has multiplied in an insect vector. 
C) infections transmitted by animals. 
D) transmission of a pathogen in food. 
E) all of the above. 
A) the spread of a pathogen on the body of an insect such as a fly. 
B) transmission of an organism that has multiplied in an insect vector. 
C) infections transmitted by animals. 
D) transmission of a pathogen in food. 
E) all of the above.

Question 16

Which of the following is spread by mosquitoes?

Accepted Answer

A) Malaria. 
B) Ross River fever. 
C) Murray Valley encephalitis. 
D) Dengue fever. 
E) All of the above. 
A) Malaria. 
B) Ross River fever. 
C) Murray Valley encephalitis. 
D) Dengue fever. 
E) All of the above.

Question 17

The reservoir of an infection is

Accepted Answer

A) referred to as a fomite. 
B) always a person who has the disease. 
C) the habitat where the microorganisms can persist for long periods. 
D) always another human or other animal. 
E) the same as the source of the infection. 
A) referred to as a fomite. 
B) always a person who has the disease. 
C) the habitat where the microorganisms can persist for long periods. 
D) always another human or other animal. 
E) the same as the source of the infection.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) A person without signs of illness may be infectious. 
B) The normal microbiota of the body can cause infections. 
C) Zoonotic organisms may infect humans and animals. 
D) Parasitic diseases may have more than one host. 
E) All of the above. 
A) A person without signs of illness may be infectious. 
B) The normal microbiota of the body can cause infections. 
C) Zoonotic organisms may infect humans and animals. 
D) Parasitic diseases may have more than one host. 
E) All of the above.

Question 19

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Pathogens that cause disease in humans cannot survive outside the human body. 
B) Communicable diseases are only caused by pathogens which are able to survive outside the human body. 
C) To cause disease pathogenic microorganisms must be transmitted directly from person to person. 
D) Opportunistic pathogens always cause disease. 
E) None of the above. 
A) Pathogens that cause disease in humans cannot survive outside the human body. 
B) Communicable diseases are only caused by pathogens which are able to survive outside the human body. 
C) To cause disease pathogenic microorganisms must be transmitted directly from person to person. 
D) Opportunistic pathogens always cause disease. 
E) None of the above.

Question 20

If it is stated that 7% of a population have a particular disease at a given time,the figure of 7% is the ______________ of the disease.

Accepted Answer

A) incidence. 
B) prevalence. 
C) attack rate. 
D) morbidity. 
E) case rate. 
A) incidence. 
B) prevalence. 
C) attack rate. 
D) morbidity. 
E) case rate.

Exam 8: Epidemiology: How Diseases Are Spread

Seroprevalence is defined as the

Rabies is an example of

Pathogens that survive for long periods in soil do so because

Which of the following is a non-communicable disease?

If it is stated that 12% of a population acquire a particular disease each year,the figure of 12% is the ______________ of the disease.

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Which of the following can act as a reservoir for organisms that cause disease?

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Dengue fever is an example of

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Common vehicle transmission means that

If a person acquires an infection by handling a contaminated telephone it is termed

In order to cause an infection a microorganism must be able to

Biological transmission refers to

Which of the following is spread by mosquitoes?

The reservoir of an infection is

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

If it is stated that 7% of a population have a particular disease at a given time,the figure of 7% is the ______________ of the disease.

The Invisible World

Biological Reactions in Microbial Cells

Bacteria

Genes and Biotechnology

Viruses and Viral Diseases

Eucaryotic Microorganisms: Fungi, protozoa and Multicellular Organisms

Hostmicrobe Interactions and Principles of Disease

The Bodys Defence Systems

Pathogenic Mechanisms and Evasion Strategies of Microorganisms

Principles of Sterilisation and Disinfection

Antimicrobial Therapy

Infection Control in Healthcare Facilities

Issues in Public Health

Microbial Techniques for Diagnosis of Infection

Skin, wound and Eye Infections

Respiratory Tract Infections

Gastrointestinal Tract Infections

Cardiovascular and Multisystem Infections

Infections of the Nervous System

Infections of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Filters