Question 1

Which of the following structures does NOT assist in adherence of microorganisms to cell surfaces?

Accepted Answer

A) Adhesins. 
B) Fibronectin. 
C) Pili. 
D) Lipopolysaccharide. 
E) Glycocalyx. 
A) Adhesins. 
B) Fibronectin. 
C) Pili. 
D) Lipopolysaccharide. 
E) Glycocalyx.

Question 2

The occurrence of minor mutations in the genes that code for the antigens of an organism is called

Accepted Answer

A) antigenic shift. 
B) antigenic drift. 
C) concealment. 
D) antigenic switching. 
E) crossing over. 
A) antigenic shift. 
B) antigenic drift. 
C) concealment. 
D) antigenic switching. 
E) crossing over.

Question 3

The toxin produced by Vibrio cholerae

Accepted Answer

A) binds specifically to intestinal epithelial cells. 
B) alters the regulatory control mechanism in the target cells. 
C) causes secretion of chloride ions from the affected cells. 
D) produces a watery diarrhoea. 
E) all the above. 
A) binds specifically to intestinal epithelial cells. 
B) alters the regulatory control mechanism in the target cells. 
C) causes secretion of chloride ions from the affected cells. 
D) produces a watery diarrhoea. 
E) all the above.

Question 4

Biofilm formation may assist bacteria to

Accepted Answer

A) synchronise their toxin production. 
B) attach to a surface. 
C) infect a wound. 
D) contaminate an intravascular catheter. 
E) all of the above. 
A) synchronise their toxin production. 
B) attach to a surface. 
C) infect a wound. 
D) contaminate an intravascular catheter. 
E) all of the above.

Question 5

Opportunistic pathogens

Accepted Answer

A) are able to cause disease in healthy hosts. 
B) have virulence factors that overcome normal defences. 
C) cause damage by releasing toxins. 
D) cause disease only in hosts with weakened immune defences. 
E) always cause systemic infections. 
A) are able to cause disease in healthy hosts. 
B) have virulence factors that overcome normal defences. 
C) cause damage by releasing toxins. 
D) cause disease only in hosts with weakened immune defences. 
E) always cause systemic infections.

Question 6

Virulent staphylococci produce an enzyme which coats the bacterial cells with fibrin and protects them against phagocytes.This enzyme is called

Accepted Answer

A) coagulase. 
B) streptokinase. 
C) hyaluronidase. 
D) collagenase. 
E) keratinase. 
A) coagulase. 
B) streptokinase. 
C) hyaluronidase. 
D) collagenase. 
E) keratinase.

Question 7

The toxic shock syndrome toxin of Staphylococcus aureus

Accepted Answer

A) is a superantigen. 
B) activates T lymphocytes. 
C) causes a massive release of cytokines. 
D) can suppress immune responses. 
E) all of the above. 
A) is a superantigen. 
B) activates T lymphocytes. 
C) causes a massive release of cytokines. 
D) can suppress immune responses. 
E) all of the above.

Question 8

Influenza A virus can occasionally cause a major pandemic due to its ability to undergo

Accepted Answer

A) antigenic shift. 
B) antigenic drift. 
C) antigen deletion. 
D) protein variation. 
E) cellular transformation. 
A) antigenic shift. 
B) antigenic drift. 
C) antigen deletion. 
D) protein variation. 
E) cellular transformation.

Question 9

Which of the following is FALSE? Endotoxins

Accepted Answer

A) are part of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria. 
B) may produce septic shock. 
C) are a primary cause of death in meningococcal patients. 
D) may cause blockage of blood vessels and tissue necrosis. 
E) can cause release of pyrogens and hence fever. 
A) are part of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria. 
B) may produce septic shock. 
C) are a primary cause of death in meningococcal patients. 
D) may cause blockage of blood vessels and tissue necrosis. 
E) can cause release of pyrogens and hence fever.

Question 10

Certain bacteria are able to protect themselves from phagocytosis by

Accepted Answer

A) exiting the phagosome. 
B) inhibiting fusion of lysosomes with the phagosome. 
C) secreting leukocidins. 
D) having an antiphagocytic capsule. 
E) any of the above. 
A) exiting the phagosome. 
B) inhibiting fusion of lysosomes with the phagosome. 
C) secreting leukocidins. 
D) having an antiphagocytic capsule. 
E) any of the above.

Question 11

The ability of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)to kill lymphocytes is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) antigenic shift. 
B) antigenic drift. 
C) concealment. 
D) immunosuppression. 
E) cellular transformation. 
A) antigenic shift. 
B) antigenic drift. 
C) concealment. 
D) immunosuppression. 
E) cellular transformation.

Question 12

Exotoxins are

Accepted Answer

A) only produced by Gram-positive bacteria. 
B) highly resistant to heat. 
C) released when bacterial cells die. 
D) synthesised on plasmids in some bacteria. 
E) proteins which damage host cells. 
A) only produced by Gram-positive bacteria. 
B) highly resistant to heat. 
C) released when bacterial cells die. 
D) synthesised on plasmids in some bacteria. 
E) proteins which damage host cells.

Question 13

The fungi that cause tinea (or ringworm)are able to infect skin because they secrete a

Accepted Answer

A) coagulase. 
B) mucinase. 
C) haemolysin. 
D) keratinase. 
E) leukocidin. 
A) coagulase. 
B) mucinase. 
C) haemolysin. 
D) keratinase. 
E) leukocidin.

Question 14

The properties of a microorganism that enable it to cause disease are called

Accepted Answer

A) virulence factors. 
B) innate factors. 
C) specificities. 
D) phagosomes. 
E) toxoids. 
A) virulence factors. 
B) innate factors. 
C) specificities. 
D) phagosomes. 
E) toxoids.

Question 15

Bacterial endotoxins are

Accepted Answer

A) able to act as pyrogens. 
B) part of the bacterial capsule. 
C) found in Gram-positive bacteria only. 
D) secreted from growing cells. 
E) polypeptides. 
A) able to act as pyrogens. 
B) part of the bacterial capsule. 
C) found in Gram-positive bacteria only. 
D) secreted from growing cells. 
E) polypeptides.

Which of the following structures does NOT assist in adherence of microorganisms to cell surfaces?

The occurrence of minor mutations in the genes that code for the antigens of an organism is called

The toxin produced by Vibrio cholerae

Biofilm formation may assist bacteria to

Opportunistic pathogens

Virulent staphylococci produce an enzyme which coats the bacterial cells with fibrin and protects them against phagocytes.This enzyme is called

The toxic shock syndrome toxin of Staphylococcus aureus

Influenza A virus can occasionally cause a major pandemic due to its ability to undergo

Which of the following is FALSE? Endotoxins

Certain bacteria are able to protect themselves from phagocytosis by

The ability of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)to kill lymphocytes is an example of

Exotoxins are

The fungi that cause tinea (or ringworm)are able to infect skin because they secrete a

The properties of a microorganism that enable it to cause disease are called

Bacterial endotoxins are

The Invisible World

Biological Reactions in Microbial Cells

Bacteria

Genes and Biotechnology

Viruses and Viral Diseases

Eucaryotic Microorganisms: Fungi, protozoa and Multicellular Organisms

Hostmicrobe Interactions and Principles of Disease

Epidemiology: How Diseases Are Spread

The Bodys Defence Systems

Principles of Sterilisation and Disinfection

Antimicrobial Therapy

Infection Control in Healthcare Facilities

Issues in Public Health

Microbial Techniques for Diagnosis of Infection

Skin, wound and Eye Infections

Respiratory Tract Infections

Gastrointestinal Tract Infections

Cardiovascular and Multisystem Infections

Infections of the Nervous System

Infections of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

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Exam 10: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Evasion Strategies of Microorganisms

Which of the following structures does NOT assist in adherence of microorganisms to cell surfaces?

The occurrence of minor mutations in the genes that code for the antigens of an organism is called

The toxin produced by Vibrio cholerae

Biofilm formation may assist bacteria to

Opportunistic pathogens

Virulent staphylococci produce an enzyme which coats the bacterial cells with fibrin and protects them against phagocytes.This enzyme is called

The toxic shock syndrome toxin of Staphylococcus aureus

Influenza A virus can occasionally cause a major pandemic due to its ability to undergo

Which of the following is FALSE? Endotoxins

Certain bacteria are able to protect themselves from phagocytosis by

The ability of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)to kill lymphocytes is an example of

Exotoxins are

The fungi that cause tinea (or ringworm)are able to infect skin because they secrete a

The properties of a microorganism that enable it to cause disease are called

Bacterial endotoxins are

The Invisible World

Biological Reactions in Microbial Cells

Bacteria

Genes and Biotechnology

Viruses and Viral Diseases

Eucaryotic Microorganisms: Fungi, protozoa and Multicellular Organisms

Hostmicrobe Interactions and Principles of Disease

Epidemiology: How Diseases Are Spread

The Bodys Defence Systems

Principles of Sterilisation and Disinfection

Antimicrobial Therapy

Infection Control in Healthcare Facilities

Issues in Public Health

Microbial Techniques for Diagnosis of Infection

Skin, wound and Eye Infections

Respiratory Tract Infections

Gastrointestinal Tract Infections

Cardiovascular and Multisystem Infections

Infections of the Nervous System

Infections of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Filters