Exam 15: Frequency Distribution, Cross-Tabulation, and Hypothesis Testing

The measures of location are also known as measures of central tendency because they tend to describe the center of the distribution.

In the Mann-Whitney U test, two samples are combined and the cases are ranked in order of increasing size. The test statistic, U, is computed as the number of times a score from sample 1 or group 1 follows a score from group 2.

When variables are perfectly associated, the phi coefficient assumes the value of 1.

A cross-tabulation is the merging of the frequency distribution of two or more variables in a single table to help us to understand how one variable relates to another variable.

Cross-tabulation examines associations between variables, not causation.

The ________ is used to test the statistical significance of the observed association in cross-tabulation.

Type I error occurs when the sample results lead to the rejection of the null hypothesis when it is in fact true.

Which program or function listed below is not useful for conducting nonparametric tests?

When the data points are scattered, variance is small.

A one-sample nonparametric goodness-of-fit test to determine whether the observations for a particular variable could reasonably have come from a particular distribution is the ________.

The ________ is a univariate hypothesis test using the t distribution, which is used when the standard deviation is unknown and the sample size is small.

The test statistic measures how close the sample has come to the null hypothesis and often follows a well-known distribution, such as the normal, t, or chi-square distribution.

Which of the following tests is not a non-parametric one-sample test?

In cross-tabulation, the introduction of a third variable clarifies the initial association (or lack of it)observed between two variables and can result in six possibilities.

The ________ is a symmetric bell-shaped distribution that is useful for small sample (n < 30)testing.

________ is a test statistic that measures the association between two ordinal-level variables. It makes an adjustment for ties and is most appropriate when the table of variable is square.

Tau b, tau c, and gamma are available to measure association between two ________-level variables.

When calculating the standard deviation, we divide by n-1 because the sample is drawn from a population and we are trying to determine how much the responses vary from the mean of the entire population.

Which statement is not true concerning the t distribution?

The variance can never be negative.