Exam 12: Judgment and Reasoning

In several studies,participants have been asked to estimate the frequency of occurrence for Various causes of death.The evidence suggests that participants' frequency estimates are Strongly influenced by

In one experiment,participants were asked to list either 6 or 12 instances in their lives when they were assertive.Which of the following statements is FALSE about the participants who were asked to list only 6 instances?

Maritza believes that clowns are evil.She meets two men who are very nice and then learns that they are clowns.Despite this,she does not adjust her belief and continues to think clowns are evil.This is called

Descriptive information that indicates that you are likely to be a member of a category (or fit the stereotype)is referred to as

Studies indicate that participants

When selecting a course of action framed in terms of either losing lives or saving lives following an epidemic of a serious disease,people typically choose

A base rate is defined as information

People tend to be more alert and responsive to evidence that supports their preexisting notions and beliefs than to evidence that challenges them.This effect is called

The law of large numbers implies that larger samples of data are less likely to show accidental patterns;therefore,larger samples are generally more informative.In making judgments about evidence,participants

An employer interviews a job candidate for 15 minutes.On the basis of this interview,the employer decides that the candidate will perform well in the job,so he hires her.This is a case of a

According to the work of Tversky and Kahneman,people are likely to be ________ when dealing with potential losses,and ________ when dealing with potential gains.

People are more likely to judge a syllogism to be valid if

Your friend Alex swears that,while driving to school every morning,he gets caught at almost every red light,which of course makes him late for class.You know that it is incredibly unlikely that he actually hits every red light.Assume that Alex isn't intentionally lying to you,and consider the factors that might lead him to truly believe that he is unlucky when it comes to red lights.

Molly is a member of the Forest Political Party,and she is certain that every member of the Mountains Political Party is evil and trying to ruin the country.Discuss how tendencies like confirmation bias and belief perseverance contribute to her beliefs and her evaluation of new evidence.

Someone who is insensitive to base rates is likely to have all of the following problems EXCEPT

Ravi is shown a picture with many different breeds of dogs and is asked to discover the rule connecting all of the items in the picture.He believes the rule connecting all of the items is "must be a living thing," but before he announces his guess,he is allowed to propose a new addition to the picture.If Ravi is searching for disconfirming evidence,which of the following items will he propose?

When we encounter a highly unusual event,we are particularly likely to notice and consider the event.As a consequence

Which of the statements below would complete the following syllogism in a way to make it valid?: All busy people are stressed out.All professors are busy.

People often make logical errors.Create a real-world example that illustrates the error in this categorical syllogism: All X are Y.All A are X.Therefore,all A are X.

If Tabitha believes that detective television shows are more dramatic than hospital television shows,then confirmation bias would make her more likely to do all of the following EXCEPT