Question 1

Analogies are

Accepted Answer

A) often misleading,since an analogy depends on a problem's surface structure. 
B) relatively ineffective for solving problems unless the problem is a familiar one. 
C) an effective way to promote understanding and problem solving. 
D) relevant only for a narrow set of problems. 
A) often misleading,since an analogy depends on a problem's surface structure. 
B) relatively ineffective for solving problems unless the problem is a familiar one. 
C) an effective way to promote understanding and problem solving. 
D) relevant only for a narrow set of problems.

Question 2

Describe the genetic and environmental factors that influence intelligence.Why is it a mistake to ask,"How much of your intelligence comes from genes,and how much from the environment?"

Accepted Answer

Intelligence is influenced by both genet

Question 3

It was starting to rain,and Marcus did not have an umbrella or a hat.To keep dry,he held his psychology textbook over his head.In this case,Marcus

Accepted Answer

A) has solved the problem using the hill-climbing heuristic. 
B) has solved the problem by using functional fixedness. 
C) has managed to overcome functional fixedness. 
D) has better defined his problem-solving set. 
A) has solved the problem using the hill-climbing heuristic. 
B) has solved the problem by using functional fixedness. 
C) has managed to overcome functional fixedness. 
D) has better defined his problem-solving set.

Question 4

What is meant by the terms "reliability" and "validity"? What evidence helps us understand whether intelligence tests are reliable? What evidence helps us understand whether the tests are valid?

Accepted Answer

The terms "reliability" and "validity" a

Question 5

Bob works in marketing and wants to be creative at his work.Which of these is LEAST likely to be a prerequisite for his creativity?

Accepted Answer

A) having knowledge about his domain in marketing 
B) being strongly motivated by external rewards rather than taking pleasure in his work 
C) being able to ignore criticism and tolerate ambiguous findings 
D) being willing to take risks and not follow the crowd 
A) having knowledge about his domain in marketing 
B) being strongly motivated by external rewards rather than taking pleasure in his work 
C) being able to ignore criticism and tolerate ambiguous findings 
D) being willing to take risks and not follow the crowd

Question 6

Herbert solved the "tumor" problem by using an analogy with the "general and fortress" problem.In doing this,he realized that "tumor" corresponds to "fortress," "radiation" corresponds to "attacking army," and so on.The process of determining these correspondences is called

Accepted Answer

A) translating. 
B) analogizing. 
C) mapping. 
D) parsing. 
A) translating. 
B) analogizing. 
C) mapping. 
D) parsing.

Question 7

Melissa is a 35-year-old woman.Over the next few decades,her ________ intelligence will likely increase,while her ________ intelligence will likely decrease.

Accepted Answer

A) crystallized;memory 
B) crystallized;fluid 
C) fluid;crystallized 
D) reasoning ability;vocabulary 
A) crystallized;memory 
B) crystallized;fluid 
C) fluid;crystallized 
D) reasoning ability;vocabulary

Question 8

Which of the following problems is MOST ill-defined?

Accepted Answer

A) Sarah is trying to think of a way to impress her boss. 
B) Susan is trying to decide which route to take to the soccer game. 
C) Sheila cannot decide whether to go to a movie this evening or study in the library. 
D) Samantha is having trouble solving a crossword puzzle. 
A) Sarah is trying to think of a way to impress her boss. 
B) Susan is trying to decide which route to take to the soccer game. 
C) Sheila cannot decide whether to go to a movie this evening or study in the library. 
D) Samantha is having trouble solving a crossword puzzle.

Question 9

Many years ago,Wallas argued that creative thought proceeds through four stages.Which of the following is NOT one of these stages?

Accepted Answer

A) illumination 
B) articulation 
C) preparation 
D) incubation 
A) illumination 
B) articulation 
C) preparation 
D) incubation

Question 10

Why might someone's working memory capacity (WMC)contribute toward general intelligence?

Accepted Answer

A) People with greater WMC seem to have greater processing speeds. 
B) People with greater WMC seem better able to inhibit irrelevant thoughts and stay focused on a particular task. 
C) People with less WMC cannot judge the accuracy of their thoughts/memories,so they do not know what they still have left to learn. 
D) People with greater WMC exhibit longer inspection times because they can hold more information in mind at once. 
A) People with greater WMC seem to have greater processing speeds. 
B) People with greater WMC seem better able to inhibit irrelevant thoughts and stay focused on a particular task. 
C) People with less WMC cannot judge the accuracy of their thoughts/memories,so they do not know what they still have left to learn. 
D) People with greater WMC exhibit longer inspection times because they can hold more information in mind at once.

Question 11

A problem-solving heuristic is

Accepted Answer

A) guaranteed to find a problem solution if one exists. 
B) a strategy that guides a search through the problem space. 
C) likely to be less effective than a strategy such as hill climbing or means-end analysis. 
D) needed for unfamiliar problems but not for familiar problems. 
A) guaranteed to find a problem solution if one exists. 
B) a strategy that guides a search through the problem space. 
C) likely to be less effective than a strategy such as hill climbing or means-end analysis. 
D) needed for unfamiliar problems but not for familiar problems.

Question 12

A group of participants is interrupted while working on a problem.The participants then spend some time on an unrelated task and,finally,return to the initial problem.Studies of this sort generally show that the

Accepted Answer

A) participants will benefit from the interruption and are more likely to solve the problem when they return to it. 
B) participants will be disrupted by the interruption and are less likely to solve the problem when they return to it. 
C) participants will not be affected by the interruption. 
D) data are mixed,with some studies showing a benefit from the interruption but with many studies showing no effect. 
A) participants will benefit from the interruption and are more likely to solve the problem when they return to it. 
B) participants will be disrupted by the interruption and are less likely to solve the problem when they return to it. 
C) participants will not be affected by the interruption. 
D) data are mixed,with some studies showing a benefit from the interruption but with many studies showing no effect.

Question 13

One plan for solving a problem would be to consider every possible option,searching for the best solution.This broad plan is

Accepted Answer

A) usually the best way to proceed for solving complicated problems. 
B) more effective with ill-defined problems. 
C) usually ruled out by the sheer number of possible states within the problem space. 
D) often the only plan available. 
A) usually the best way to proceed for solving complicated problems. 
B) more effective with ill-defined problems. 
C) usually ruled out by the sheer number of possible states within the problem space. 
D) often the only plan available.

Question 14

Your friend sets a New Year's resolution to "be happier." Your friend is struggling with the problem,though,of how to achieve this goal.Using the appropriate terminology,explain what kind of problem this is,and how,according to the chapter,your friend might go about solving it.

Accepted Answer

The problem your friend is facing is a g

Question 15

Experts have several advantages in problem solving.Which of the following is NOT an advantage that was mentioned in this textbook?

Accepted Answer

A) Experts make better use of general problem-solving heuristics. 
B) Experts tend to regularly use analogies. 
C) Experts tend to think of problems in terms of the problem's deep structure. 
D) Experts seem to have more heavily cross-referenced knowledge. 
A) Experts make better use of general problem-solving heuristics. 
B) Experts tend to regularly use analogies. 
C) Experts tend to think of problems in terms of the problem's deep structure. 
D) Experts seem to have more heavily cross-referenced knowledge.

Question 16

Reliability refers to the extent to which a measure is ________,and validity refers to whether a measure is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) consistent;accurately measuring what it is supposed to measure 
B) accurate;consistently measuring what it is supposed to measure 
C) correlated with other measures;able to predict related outcomes 
D) consistently able to predict related outcomes;accurate 
A) consistent;accurately measuring what it is supposed to measure 
B) accurate;consistently measuring what it is supposed to measure 
C) correlated with other measures;able to predict related outcomes 
D) consistently able to predict related outcomes;accurate

Question 17

Which of the following would be a reason to use Raven's Progressive Matrices instead of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale to measure the intelligence of an individual?

Accepted Answer

A) The participant is not a native English speaker. 
B) The participant has low spatial ability. 
C) The participant is already known to be quite intelligent. 
D) The participant has never taken an intelligence test before. 
A) The participant is not a native English speaker. 
B) The participant has low spatial ability. 
C) The participant is already known to be quite intelligent. 
D) The participant has never taken an intelligence test before.

Question 18

Compared to novices,chess experts are more likely to have

Accepted Answer

A) better memory for the positions of pieces on a chessboard if the pieces are arranged in a fashion that respects the rules of chess. 
B) better memory for the positions of pieces on a chessboard,no matter how the pieces are arranged. 
C) better visual memory in general. 
D) no memory advantage. 
A) better memory for the positions of pieces on a chessboard if the pieces are arranged in a fashion that respects the rules of chess. 
B) better memory for the positions of pieces on a chessboard,no matter how the pieces are arranged. 
C) better visual memory in general. 
D) no memory advantage.

Question 19

Describe the circumstances under which people who are not experts do and do not make use of analogies when attempting to solve a problem.Explain what prevents people from using analogies to solve problems even when an analogous situation has been recently encountered.

Accepted Answer

People who are not experts may make use

Question 20

If you are trying to help a friend use analogies in problem solving,which piece of advice should you NOT give?

Accepted Answer

A) Attend to the deep structure of the problem. 
B) Try to see the mapping between problems you already know and test problems. 
C) Focus on exactly how the problem is phrased;this will often suggest what the problem solution will be. 
D) Search your memory for content related to the deep structure of the problem,not surface details. 
A) Attend to the deep structure of the problem. 
B) Try to see the mapping between problems you already know and test problems. 
C) Focus on exactly how the problem is phrased;this will often suggest what the problem solution will be. 
D) Search your memory for content related to the deep structure of the problem,not surface details.

Analogies are

Describe the genetic and environmental factors that influence intelligence.Why is it a mistake to ask,"How much of your intelligence comes from genes,and how much from the environment?"

It was starting to rain,and Marcus did not have an umbrella or a hat.To keep dry,he held his psychology textbook over his head.In this case,Marcus

What is meant by the terms "reliability" and "validity"? What evidence helps us understand whether intelligence tests are reliable? What evidence helps us understand whether the tests are valid?

Bob works in marketing and wants to be creative at his work.Which of these is LEAST likely to be a prerequisite for his creativity?

Herbert solved the "tumor" problem by using an analogy with the "general and fortress" problem.In doing this,he realized that "tumor" corresponds to "fortress," "radiation" corresponds to "attacking army," and so on.The process of determining these correspondences is called

Melissa is a 35-year-old woman.Over the next few decades,her intelligence will likely increase,while her intelligence will likely decrease.

Which of the following problems is MOST ill-defined?

Many years ago,Wallas argued that creative thought proceeds through four stages.Which of the following is NOT one of these stages?

Why might someone's working memory capacity (WMC)contribute toward general intelligence?

A problem-solving heuristic is

A group of participants is interrupted while working on a problem.The participants then spend some time on an unrelated task and,finally,return to the initial problem.Studies of this sort generally show that the

One plan for solving a problem would be to consider every possible option,searching for the best solution.This broad plan is

Your friend sets a New Year's resolution to "be happier." Your friend is struggling with the problem,though,of how to achieve this goal.Using the appropriate terminology,explain what kind of problem this is,and how,according to the chapter,your friend might go about solving it.

Experts have several advantages in problem solving.Which of the following is NOT an advantage that was mentioned in this textbook?

Reliability refers to the extent to which a measure is ,and validity refers to whether a measure is .

Which of the following would be a reason to use Raven's Progressive Matrices instead of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale to measure the intelligence of an individual?

Compared to novices,chess experts are more likely to have

Describe the circumstances under which people who are not experts do and do not make use of analogies when attempting to solve a problem.Explain what prevents people from using analogies to solve problems even when an analogous situation has been recently encountered.

If you are trying to help a friend use analogies in problem solving,which piece of advice should you NOT give?

The Science of the Mind

The Neural Basis for Cognition

Visual Perception

Recognizing Objects

Paying Attention

The Acquisition of Memories and the Work-Ing-Memory System

Interconnections Between Acquisi-Tion and Retrieval

Remembering Complex Events

Concepts and Generic Knowledge

Languag

Visual Knowledg

Judgment and Reasoning

Conscious Thought,Unconscious Thought

Filters

Exam 13: Problem Solving and Intelligence

Analogies are

Describe the genetic and environmental factors that influence intelligence.Why is it a mistake to ask,"How much of your intelligence comes from genes,and how much from the environment?"

It was starting to rain,and Marcus did not have an umbrella or a hat.To keep dry,he held his psychology textbook over his head.In this case,Marcus

What is meant by the terms "reliability" and "validity"? What evidence helps us understand whether intelligence tests are reliable? What evidence helps us understand whether the tests are valid?

Bob works in marketing and wants to be creative at his work.Which of these is LEAST likely to be a prerequisite for his creativity?

Herbert solved the "tumor" problem by using an analogy with the "general and fortress" problem.In doing this,he realized that "tumor" corresponds to "fortress," "radiation" corresponds to "attacking army," and so on.The process of determining these correspondences is called

Melissa is a 35-year-old woman.Over the next few decades,her ________ intelligence will likely increase,while her ________ intelligence will likely decrease.

Which of the following problems is MOST ill-defined?

Many years ago,Wallas argued that creative thought proceeds through four stages.Which of the following is NOT one of these stages?

Why might someone's working memory capacity (WMC)contribute toward general intelligence?

A problem-solving heuristic is

A group of participants is interrupted while working on a problem.The participants then spend some time on an unrelated task and,finally,return to the initial problem.Studies of this sort generally show that the

One plan for solving a problem would be to consider every possible option,searching for the best solution.This broad plan is

Your friend sets a New Year's resolution to "be happier." Your friend is struggling with the problem,though,of how to achieve this goal.Using the appropriate terminology,explain what kind of problem this is,and how,according to the chapter,your friend might go about solving it.

Experts have several advantages in problem solving.Which of the following is NOT an advantage that was mentioned in this textbook?

Reliability refers to the extent to which a measure is ________,and validity refers to whether a measure is ________.

Which of the following would be a reason to use Raven's Progressive Matrices instead of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale to measure the intelligence of an individual?

Compared to novices,chess experts are more likely to have

Describe the circumstances under which people who are not experts do and do not make use of analogies when attempting to solve a problem.Explain what prevents people from using analogies to solve problems even when an analogous situation has been recently encountered.

If you are trying to help a friend use analogies in problem solving,which piece of advice should you NOT give?

The Science of the Mind

The Neural Basis for Cognition

Visual Perception

Recognizing Objects

Paying Attention

The Acquisition of Memories and the Work-Ing-Memory System

Interconnections Between Acquisi-Tion and Retrieval

Remembering Complex Events

Concepts and Generic Knowledge

Languag

Visual Knowledg

Judgment and Reasoning

Conscious Thought,Unconscious Thought

Filters

Melissa is a 35-year-old woman.Over the next few decades,her intelligence will likely increase,while her intelligence will likely decrease.

Reliability refers to the extent to which a measure is ,and validity refers to whether a measure is .