Question 1

Match the following emerging technology with the appropriate definition.

-Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)

Accepted Answer

A) Semiconductor nanocrystals 
B) Method of tagging antibodies with superparamagnetic particles 
C) Technology based on two different 200-nm latex particles 
D) Molecular cytogenetic technique 
E) May be used in many fluorescent and colorimetric applications 
A) Semiconductor nanocrystals 
B) Method of tagging antibodies with superparamagnetic particles 
C) Technology based on two different 200-nm latex particles 
D) Molecular cytogenetic technique 
E) May be used in many fluorescent and colorimetric applications D

Question 2

Match the following emerging technology with the appropriate definition.

-Luminescent oxygen-channeling immunoassay (LOCI)

Accepted Answer

A) Semiconductor nanocrystals 
B) Method of tagging antibodies with superparamagnetic particles 
C) Technology based on two different 200-nm latex particles 
D) Molecular cytogenetic technique 
E) May be used in many fluorescent and colorimetric applications 
A) Semiconductor nanocrystals 
B) Method of tagging antibodies with superparamagnetic particles 
C) Technology based on two different 200-nm latex particles 
D) Molecular cytogenetic technique 
E) May be used in many fluorescent and colorimetric applications C

Question 3

An advantage of enzyme immunoassay (EIA)compared with radioimmunoassay (RIA)is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a longer shelf life. 
B)  no need for automation. 
C)  no radioactive hazardous waste. 
D)  decreased risk of transmission of infectious diseases. 
A)  a longer shelf life. 
B)  no need for automation. 
C)  no radioactive hazardous waste. 
D)  decreased risk of transmission of infectious diseases. C

Question 4

Match the chemiluminescent format with the appropriate description.

-Sandwich immunoassay

Accepted Answer

A) A fixed amount of labeled antigen competes with unlabeled antigen from a patient specimen for a limited number of antibody-binding sites. 
B) The sample antigen binds to an antibody fixed onto a solid phase;a second antibody,labeled with a chemiluminescent label,binds to the antigen-antibody complex on the solid phase. 
C) A fixed amount of labeled antibody competes with unlabeled antibody from a patient specimen for a limited number of antigen-binding sites. 
D) The sample antibody binds to an antigen fixed onto a solid phase;a second antigen,labeled with a chemiluminescent label,binds to the antigen-antibody complex on the solid phase. 
A) A fixed amount of labeled antigen competes with unlabeled antigen from a patient specimen for a limited number of antibody-binding sites. 
B) The sample antigen binds to an antibody fixed onto a solid phase;a second antibody,labeled with a chemiluminescent label,binds to the antigen-antibody complex on the solid phase. 
C) A fixed amount of labeled antibody competes with unlabeled antibody from a patient specimen for a limited number of antigen-binding sites. 
D) The sample antibody binds to an antigen fixed onto a solid phase;a second antigen,labeled with a chemiluminescent label,binds to the antigen-antibody complex on the solid phase.

Question 5

A fluorescent substance or dye absorbs light of one wavelength and emits light of another wavelength.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Chemiluminescence:

Accepted Answer

A)  has excellent sensitivity and dynamic range. 
B)  does not require sample radiation. 
C)  uses unstable chemiluminescent reagents and conjugates. 
D)  both a and b 
A)  has excellent sensitivity and dynamic range. 
B)  does not require sample radiation. 
C)  uses unstable chemiluminescent reagents and conjugates. 
D)  both a and b

Question 7

Complete the table by inserting the correct antibody with the type of assay
Examples of Immunoassay Types
  
A)Ruthenium label
B)Horseradish peroxidase
C)Europium or fluorescein

Accepted Answer

1,b;2,a;3,

Question 8

The serologic method most widely used for the detection of diverse antibodies is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the direct immunofluorescent assay. 
B)  the inhibition immunofluorescent assay. 
C)  the indirect immunofluorescent assay. 
D)  none of the above. 
A)  the direct immunofluorescent assay. 
B)  the inhibition immunofluorescent assay. 
C)  the indirect immunofluorescent assay. 
D)  none of the above.

Question 9

Chemiluminescent enzyme labels often used in indirect procedures are:

Accepted Answer

A)  alkaline phosphatase. 
B)  horseradish peroxidase. 
C)  beta-galactosidase. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  alkaline phosphatase. 
B)  horseradish peroxidase. 
C)  beta-galactosidase. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 10

To be used for enzyme immunoassay (EIA),an enzyme must exhibit:

Accepted Answer

A)  a high degree of stability. 
B)  extreme specificity. 
C)  absence from the antigen or antibody being tested. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  a high degree of stability. 
B)  extreme specificity. 
C)  absence from the antigen or antibody being tested. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 11

Match the following emerging technology with the appropriate definition.

-Quantum dots (Q dots)

Accepted Answer

A) Semiconductor nanocrystals 
B) Method of tagging antibodies with superparamagnetic particles 
C) Technology based on two different 200-nm latex particles 
D) Molecular cytogenetic technique 
E) May be used in many fluorescent and colorimetric applications 
A) Semiconductor nanocrystals 
B) Method of tagging antibodies with superparamagnetic particles 
C) Technology based on two different 200-nm latex particles 
D) Molecular cytogenetic technique 
E) May be used in many fluorescent and colorimetric applications

Question 12

Match the type of enzyme immunoassay (EIA)with the appropriate description.
-Noncompetitive EIA

Accepted Answer

A) The amount of color that develops in the reaction is inversely proportional to the amount of antibody. 
B) Antibody specific for immunoglobulin M (IgM)or IgG is attached to a solid-phase surface. 
C) A specific antigen is attached to a solid-phase surface. 
A) The amount of color that develops in the reaction is inversely proportional to the amount of antibody. 
B) Antibody specific for immunoglobulin M (IgM)or IgG is attached to a solid-phase surface. 
C) A specific antigen is attached to a solid-phase surface.

Question 13

Chemiluminescence refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  light emitted. 
B)  heat emitted. 
C)  a chemical reaction. 
D)  both a and c 
A)  light emitted. 
B)  heat emitted. 
C)  a chemical reaction. 
D)  both a and c

Question 14

In a changing clinical environment,the indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA)has been replaced with the enzyme immunoassay (EIA).A disadvantage of this trade-off to EIA is:

Accepted Answer

A)  lower cost. 
B)  that it is slower in producing results. 
C)  that it is more technically challenging and requires more training and experience. 
D)  that it is problematic for patients with less than a 1:160 antinuclear antibody (AN
A) titer. 
A)  lower cost. 
B)  that it is slower in producing results. 
C)  that it is more technically challenging and requires more training and experience. 
D)  that it is problematic for patients with less than a 1:160 antinuclear antibody (AN
A) titer.

Question 15

Magnetic labeling application uses:

Accepted Answer

A)  automated DNA sequences. 
B)  DNA probe technology. 
C)  gel electrophoresis. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  automated DNA sequences. 
B)  DNA probe technology. 
C)  gel electrophoresis. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 16

Match the assays and definitions.

-Indirect immunofluorescent assay

Accepted Answer

A) Antibodies can act as antigens and react with antiimmunoglobulins. 
B) Conjugated antibody is used to detect antigen-antibody reactions at a microscopic level. 
C) An antigen is first exposed to unlabeled antibody and then to labeled antibody. 
A) Antibodies can act as antigens and react with antiimmunoglobulins. 
B) Conjugated antibody is used to detect antigen-antibody reactions at a microscopic level. 
C) An antigen is first exposed to unlabeled antibody and then to labeled antibody.

Question 17

When using a fluorescent substance or dye,the color of the emitted light depends on the nature of the substance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Match the assays and definitions.

-Inhibition immunofluorescent assay

Accepted Answer

A) Antibodies can act as antigens and react with antiimmunoglobulins. 
B) Conjugated antibody is used to detect antigen-antibody reactions at a microscopic level. 
C) An antigen is first exposed to unlabeled antibody and then to labeled antibody. 
A) Antibodies can act as antigens and react with antiimmunoglobulins. 
B) Conjugated antibody is used to detect antigen-antibody reactions at a microscopic level. 
C) An antigen is first exposed to unlabeled antibody and then to labeled antibody.

Question 19

Match the type of enzyme immunoassay (EIA)with the appropriate description.
-Competitive EIA

Accepted Answer

A) The amount of color that develops in the reaction is inversely proportional to the amount of antibody. 
B) Antibody specific for immunoglobulin M (IgM)or IgG is attached to a solid-phase surface. 
C) A specific antigen is attached to a solid-phase surface. 
A) The amount of color that develops in the reaction is inversely proportional to the amount of antibody. 
B) Antibody specific for immunoglobulin M (IgM)or IgG is attached to a solid-phase surface. 
C) A specific antigen is attached to a solid-phase surface.

Question 20

Match the chemiluminescent format with the appropriate description.

-Competitive chemiluminescence

Accepted Answer

A) A fixed amount of labeled antigen competes with unlabeled antigen from a patient specimen for a limited number of antibody-binding sites. 
B) The sample antigen binds to an antibody fixed onto a solid phase;a second antibody,labeled with a chemiluminescent label,binds to the antigen-antibody complex on the solid phase. 
C) A fixed amount of labeled antibody competes with unlabeled antibody from a patient specimen for a limited number of antigen-binding sites. 
D) The sample antibody binds to an antigen fixed onto a solid phase;a second antigen,labeled with a chemiluminescent label,binds to the antigen-antibody complex on the solid phase. 
A) A fixed amount of labeled antigen competes with unlabeled antigen from a patient specimen for a limited number of antibody-binding sites. 
B) The sample antigen binds to an antibody fixed onto a solid phase;a second antibody,labeled with a chemiluminescent label,binds to the antigen-antibody complex on the solid phase. 
C) A fixed amount of labeled antibody competes with unlabeled antibody from a patient specimen for a limited number of antigen-binding sites. 
D) The sample antibody binds to an antigen fixed onto a solid phase;a second antigen,labeled with a chemiluminescent label,binds to the antigen-antibody complex on the solid phase.

Exam 12: Labeling Techniques in Immunoassay

Match the following emerging technology with the appropriate definition. -Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)

Match the following emerging technology with the appropriate definition. -Luminescent oxygen-channeling immunoassay (LOCI)

An advantage of enzyme immunoassay (EIA)compared with radioimmunoassay (RIA)is:

Match the chemiluminescent format with the appropriate description. -Sandwich immunoassay

A fluorescent substance or dye absorbs light of one wavelength and emits light of another wavelength.

Chemiluminescence:

Complete the table by inserting the correct antibody with the type of assay Examples of Immunoassay Types A)Ruthenium label B)Horseradish peroxidase C)Europium or fluorescein

The serologic method most widely used for the detection of diverse antibodies is:

Chemiluminescent enzyme labels often used in indirect procedures are:

To be used for enzyme immunoassay (EIA),an enzyme must exhibit:

Match the following emerging technology with the appropriate definition. -Quantum dots (Q dots)

Match the type of enzyme immunoassay (EIA)with the appropriate description. -Noncompetitive EIA

Chemiluminescence refers to:

In a changing clinical environment,the indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA)has been replaced with the enzyme immunoassay (EIA).A disadvantage of this trade-off to EIA is:

Magnetic labeling application uses:

Match the assays and definitions. -Indirect immunofluorescent assay

When using a fluorescent substance or dye,the color of the emitted light depends on the nature of the substance.

Match the assays and definitions. -Inhibition immunofluorescent assay

Match the type of enzyme immunoassay (EIA)with the appropriate description. -Competitive EIA

Match the chemiluminescent format with the appropriate description. -Competitive chemiluminescence

An Overview of Immunology

Antigens and Antibodies

Cells and Cellular Activities of the Immune System: Granulocytes and Mononuclear Cells

Cells and Cellular Activities of the Immune System: Lymphocytes and Plasma Cells

Soluble Mediators of the Immune System

Safety in the Immunology-Serology Laboratory

Quality Assurance and Quality Control

Basic Serologic Laboratory Techniques

Point-Of-Care Testing

Agglutination Methods

Electrophoresis Techniques

Automated Procedures

Molecular Techniques

The Immune Response in Infectious Diseases

A Primer on Vaccines

Streptococcal Infections

Syphilis

Vector-Borne Diseases

Toxoplasmosis

Cytomegalovirus

Infectious Mononucleosis

Viral Hepatitis

Rubella and Rubeola Infections

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Hypersensitivity Reactions

Immunoproliferative Disorders

Autoimmune Disorders

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Solid Organ Transplantation

Bone Marrow Transplantation

Tumor Immunology

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