Question 1

How are open reading frames or exons predicted from genomic sequence?

Accepted Answer

A) If the open reading frame is 10 amino acids long it is considered an exon. 
B) If the sequence is absent in mRNA it is considered an exon. 
C) If there is a splice donor and acceptor site at the ends of the open reading frame it is considered an exon. 
D) If an open reading frame is 21 amino acids long or longer it is accepted as an exon. 
A) If the open reading frame is 10 amino acids long it is considered an exon. 
B) If the sequence is absent in mRNA it is considered an exon. 
C) If there is a splice donor and acceptor site at the ends of the open reading frame it is considered an exon. 
D) If an open reading frame is 21 amino acids long or longer it is accepted as an exon.

Question 2

How are the genes in the $\beta$-globin locus different from each other?

Accepted Answer

A) They use different template strands for transcription. 
B) They are expressed at different times in development. 
C) They have different evolutionary origins, from different ancestral genes. 
D) They are dispersed on different chromosomes. 
E) Some are expressed in all cells; some are expressed only in red blood cells. 
A) They use different template strands for transcription. 
B) They are expressed at different times in development. 
C) They have different evolutionary origins, from different ancestral genes. 
D) They are dispersed on different chromosomes. 
E) Some are expressed in all cells; some are expressed only in red blood cells.

Question 3

In Sanger sequencing, what causes DNA synthesis to terminate at a specific base?

Accepted Answer

A) chemicals that cleave DNA after particular bases 
B) fluorescent chemicals 
C) nucleotide triphosphates that lack a base 
D) nucleotide triphosphates that lack a hydroxyl at the 3' position 
E) nucleosides that lack a 5' phosphate 
A) chemicals that cleave DNA after particular bases 
B) fluorescent chemicals 
C) nucleotide triphosphates that lack a base 
D) nucleotide triphosphates that lack a hydroxyl at the 3' position 
E) nucleosides that lack a 5' phosphate

Question 4

What is one difference between using restriction endonucleases and mechanical shearing of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) Restriction endonucleases digest at known specific sites while shearing occurs at random sites. 
B) Restriction endonucleases digest at random sites while shearing occurs at known specific sites. 
C) Restriction enzymes are a mechanical process while shearing occurs using proteins. 
D) Restriction enzymes produce larger fragments on average than shearing. 
A) Restriction endonucleases digest at known specific sites while shearing occurs at random sites. 
B) Restriction endonucleases digest at random sites while shearing occurs at known specific sites. 
C) Restriction enzymes are a mechanical process while shearing occurs using proteins. 
D) Restriction enzymes produce larger fragments on average than shearing.

Question 5

Where do restriction enzymes come from, and what is their normal physiological function?

Accepted Answer

A) Phage $\lambda$ produces them and they replicate viral DNA. 
B) Phage $\lambda$ produces them and they confer antibiotic resistance. 
C) They are yeast DNA replication enzymes. 
D) Bacteria produce them to protect against viral invasion. 
E) They are bacterial DNA replication enzymes. 
A) Phage $\lambda$ produces them and they replicate viral DNA. 
B) Phage $\lambda$ produces them and they confer antibiotic resistance. 
C) They are yeast DNA replication enzymes. 
D) Bacteria produce them to protect against viral invasion. 
E) They are bacterial DNA replication enzymes.

Question 6

What do you predict would be the effect of an inversion mutation in the $\beta$-globin gene cluster?

Accepted Answer

A) No globin genes will be expressed and the fetus will die in utero. 
B) $\varepsilon$-globin will be expressed first during development. 
C) The order of globin gene expression will be reversed; the effect on the fetus cannot be predicted. 
D) The fetal will develop sickle-cell disease in adult life. 
A) No globin genes will be expressed and the fetus will die in utero. 
B) $\varepsilon$-globin will be expressed first during development. 
C) The order of globin gene expression will be reversed; the effect on the fetus cannot be predicted. 
D) The fetal will develop sickle-cell disease in adult life.

Question 7

If it is desired to clone the largest fragments possible from a genome, which vector would be the most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A) YAC 
B) BAC 
C) Plasmid 
D) Virus 
A) YAC 
B) BAC 
C) Plasmid 
D) Virus

Question 8

In gel electrophoresis of DNA, fragments move at different rates because they have different

Accepted Answer

A) charge densities. 
B) sizes. 
C) base sequences. 
D) amino acid compositions. 
E) electrical strengths. 
A) charge densities. 
B) sizes. 
C) base sequences. 
D) amino acid compositions. 
E) electrical strengths.

Question 9

What is the advantage of having different forms of hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

A) The advantage is that it allowed for speciation. 
B) The multiple forms all have the same function so that one can be mutated without affecting the individual.. 
C) There is no advantage 
D) The different forms are adapted to most efficiently carry oxygen in the different stage of development. 
A) The advantage is that it allowed for speciation. 
B) The multiple forms all have the same function so that one can be mutated without affecting the individual.. 
C) There is no advantage 
D) The different forms are adapted to most efficiently carry oxygen in the different stage of development.

Question 10

What proportion of the genome is comprised of the exome?

Accepted Answer

A) < 0.1% 
B) 2% 
C) 10% 
D) 20% 
E) 45% 
A) < 0.1% 
B) 2% 
C) 10% 
D) 20% 
E) 45%

Question 11

Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme made by

Accepted Answer

A) red blood cells. 
B) phage $\lambda$. 
C) retroviruses. 
D) yeast. 
E) E.coli. 
A) red blood cells. 
B) phage $\lambda$. 
C) retroviruses. 
D) yeast. 
E) E.coli.

Question 12

Why does a genomic library need more clones than what would be estimated by calculations to be complete?

Accepted Answer

A) There is a significant probability that some sequences would not be represented in a library if it was only the calculated size 
B) The restrriction enzyme that is used to prepare the DNA for cloning will not digest certain sequences within the DNA. 
C) The restriction enzyme used to prepare the DNA for cloning sometimes leaves a different sticky end 
D) Restriction enzymes cleave DNA preferentially at the ends of open reading frames so coding regions are prefereentially cloned. 
A) There is a significant probability that some sequences would not be represented in a library if it was only the calculated size 
B) The restrriction enzyme that is used to prepare the DNA for cloning will not digest certain sequences within the DNA. 
C) The restriction enzyme used to prepare the DNA for cloning sometimes leaves a different sticky end 
D) Restriction enzymes cleave DNA preferentially at the ends of open reading frames so coding regions are prefereentially cloned.

Question 13

After digestion of DNA with a restriction endonuclease, which statement is true about the resulting DNA fragments?

Accepted Answer

A) They will have either a single stranded overhang or blunt ends, depending on the enzyme used. 
B) They will have only blunt ends. 
C) They will have only single stranded overhangs. 
D) The result cannot be predicted because a single restriction enzyme can generate either single stranded overhangs or blunt ends. 
A) They will have either a single stranded overhang or blunt ends, depending on the enzyme used. 
B) They will have only blunt ends. 
C) They will have only single stranded overhangs. 
D) The result cannot be predicted because a single restriction enzyme can generate either single stranded overhangs or blunt ends.

Question 14

The BLAST suite of programs can be used to

Accepted Answer

A) compare a nucleotide or amino acid sequence to databases from a variety of species. 
B) display the reading frames of nucelotide sequence. 
C) find the tissues that a nucleotide sequence might be expressed in. 
D) analyze microarray data. 
E) tubulin 
A) compare a nucleotide or amino acid sequence to databases from a variety of species. 
B) display the reading frames of nucelotide sequence. 
C) find the tissues that a nucleotide sequence might be expressed in. 
D) analyze microarray data. 
E) tubulin

Question 15

Why is it necessary to obtain overlapping sequences when performing genomic sequencing?

Accepted Answer

A) To assemble the whole genome sequence from random fragments. 
B) To quantify the amount of DNA in the genome. 
C) To make sure all the clones in a library are used. 
D) To allow for errors in sequencing to be corrected. 
A) To assemble the whole genome sequence from random fragments. 
B) To quantify the amount of DNA in the genome. 
C) To make sure all the clones in a library are used. 
D) To allow for errors in sequencing to be corrected.

How are open reading frames or exons predicted from genomic sequence?

How are the genes in the $\beta$ -globin locus different from each other?

In Sanger sequencing, what causes DNA synthesis to terminate at a specific base?

What is one difference between using restriction endonucleases and mechanical shearing of DNA?

Where do restriction enzymes come from, and what is their normal physiological function?

What do you predict would be the effect of an inversion mutation in the $\beta$ -globin gene cluster?

If it is desired to clone the largest fragments possible from a genome, which vector would be the most appropriate?

In gel electrophoresis of DNA, fragments move at different rates because they have different

What is the advantage of having different forms of hemoglobin?

What proportion of the genome is comprised of the exome?

Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme made by

Why does a genomic library need more clones than what would be estimated by calculations to be complete?

After digestion of DNA with a restriction endonuclease, which statement is true about the resulting DNA fragments?

The BLAST suite of programs can be used to

Why is it necessary to obtain overlapping sequences when performing genomic sequencing?

Genetics: The Study of Biological Information

Mendels Principles of Heredity

Extensions to Mendels Laws

The Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

Linkage, Recombination, and the Mapping of Genes on Chromosomes

DNA Structure, Replication, and Recombination

Anatomy and Function of a Gene: Dissection Through Mutation

Gene Expression: The Flow of Information From DNA to RNA to Protein

Analyzing Genomic Information

The Eukaryotic Chromosome

Chromosomal Rearrangements and Changes in Chromosome Number

Bacterial Genetics

Organellar Inheritance

Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes

Manipulating the Genomes of Eukaryotes

The Genetic Analysis of Development

The Genetics of Cancer

Variation and Selection in Populations

Genetics of Complex Traits

Filters

Exam 9: Digital Analysis of Genomes

How are open reading frames or exons predicted from genomic sequence?

How are the genes in the β\betaβ -globin locus different from each other?

In Sanger sequencing, what causes DNA synthesis to terminate at a specific base?

What is one difference between using restriction endonucleases and mechanical shearing of DNA?

Where do restriction enzymes come from, and what is their normal physiological function?

What do you predict would be the effect of an inversion mutation in the β\betaβ -globin gene cluster?

If it is desired to clone the largest fragments possible from a genome, which vector would be the most appropriate?

In gel electrophoresis of DNA, fragments move at different rates because they have different

What is the advantage of having different forms of hemoglobin?

What proportion of the genome is comprised of the exome?

Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme made by

Why does a genomic library need more clones than what would be estimated by calculations to be complete?

After digestion of DNA with a restriction endonuclease, which statement is true about the resulting DNA fragments?

The BLAST suite of programs can be used to

Why is it necessary to obtain overlapping sequences when performing genomic sequencing?

Genetics: The Study of Biological Information

Mendels Principles of Heredity

Extensions to Mendels Laws

The Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

Linkage, Recombination, and the Mapping of Genes on Chromosomes

DNA Structure, Replication, and Recombination

Anatomy and Function of a Gene: Dissection Through Mutation

Gene Expression: The Flow of Information From DNA to RNA to Protein

Analyzing Genomic Information

The Eukaryotic Chromosome

Chromosomal Rearrangements and Changes in Chromosome Number

Bacterial Genetics

Organellar Inheritance

Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes

Manipulating the Genomes of Eukaryotes

The Genetic Analysis of Development

The Genetics of Cancer

Variation and Selection in Populations

Genetics of Complex Traits

Filters

How are the genes in the $\beta$ -globin locus different from each other?

What do you predict would be the effect of an inversion mutation in the $\beta$ -globin gene cluster?