Exam 12: Extension D: Personality

People tend to rate some activities or reinforcers as being more valuable to them than others, which illustrates the social learning concept of ____________________.

A person's unique and enduring behavior patterns define their ____________________.

Historians tell us that Abraham Lincoln's personality was dominated by the cardinal trait of honesty, which means that vast majority of Lincoln's activities can be traced to this trait.

According to social learning theory, the anticipation that making a response will lead to reinforcement is called expectancy.

Describe the consequences of a college student having an unhealthy perfectionism.

In Freudian theory, the life instincts are called ____________________, while the death (or aggressive) instincts are known as ____________________.

Although Joan would be described as very extroverted, she will be more extroverted at a party than when she is attending church.This observation supports the concept of ____________________. or

Learning to be more self-reinforcing appears to lessen depression.

Using the behavioristic view of development, explain why feeding, toilet training, sex training, and learning to express anger or aggression may be particularly important to personality formation.

According to Dollard and Miller, ____________________ are governed by four elements of learning: drive, cue, response, reward.

Shyness is linked with public self-consciousness.

According to Freud, one's preconscious level of awareness includes everything that a person is aware of at a given moment in time.

Rogers described mismatches between one's self-image and one's ideal self as a state of ____________________.

The superego contains the conscience and ego ideal.

The ____________________ approach views human nature as inherently good, while the ____________________ approach views human nature as inherently bad.

According to Freud, the Oedipus and Electra conflicts occur during the genital stage.

____________________ is often triggered by formality, being the focus of attention, and by novel or unfamiliar social situations.

Describe the characteristics of persons fixated at the oral, anal, and phallic stages; and what situations cause them to develop, according to Freud.

Jung believed that there are basic universal concepts in all people, regardless of culture, called archetypes.

According to Freud, the ____________________ serves as the rational, problem-solving executive of the personality.