Question 1

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi invade plant roots,with some species forming mutualistic associations that benefit both the fungus and the plant.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Fungal infections are difficult to treat because

Accepted Answer

A) fungal and human cells are so similar that it is difficult to make fungal medications that do not harm human cells. 
B) they "hide out" inside of cells,and have long latent periods where medications can not get to the organism. 
C) they mutate very rapidly and therefore become resistant to most medications. 
D) All of the above. 
A) fungal and human cells are so similar that it is difficult to make fungal medications that do not harm human cells. 
B) they "hide out" inside of cells,and have long latent periods where medications can not get to the organism. 
C) they mutate very rapidly and therefore become resistant to most medications. 
D) All of the above.

Question 3

Which of the following information provides the strongest evidence to support the evolutionary relatedness between fungi and animals?

Accepted Answer

A) They both possess a cell wall made of chitin. 
B) Both of them are heterotrophic. 
C) Molecular data showing a similarity in DNA / RNA base sequences. 
D) Some fungi and animals have flagella. 
A) They both possess a cell wall made of chitin. 
B) Both of them are heterotrophic. 
C) Molecular data showing a similarity in DNA / RNA base sequences. 
D) Some fungi and animals have flagella.

Question 4

Figure: Study the evolutionary relationships among fungi to determine if the following statements are true or false.  
-Molecular data suggests that AM fungi are more closely related to Sac than Club fungi.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

In differentiating fungi from plants and animals,which of the following statements is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A) Animals are heterotrophic by ingestion while fungi are heterotrophic by absorption. 
B) Plants have cell walls of cellulose; fungi have cell walls of chitin. 
C) The energy reserve of fungi is starch while the energy reserve of animals is glycogen. 
D) Fungal spores develop into haploid hyphae without embryo development; plants have embryo development. 
A) Animals are heterotrophic by ingestion while fungi are heterotrophic by absorption. 
B) Plants have cell walls of cellulose; fungi have cell walls of chitin. 
C) The energy reserve of fungi is starch while the energy reserve of animals is glycogen. 
D) Fungal spores develop into haploid hyphae without embryo development; plants have embryo development.

Question 6

A normal inhabitant of the vaginal tract that causes "yeast infections" under certain circumstances is Saccharomyces.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following does not describe Phylum Ascomycota?

Accepted Answer

A) They are limited to only asexual reproduction. 
B) Uses candidospores during reproduction. 
C) Morel mushrooms are members of this phylum. 
D) The fruiting body is known as an ascocarp. 
A) They are limited to only asexual reproduction. 
B) Uses candidospores during reproduction. 
C) Morel mushrooms are members of this phylum. 
D) The fruiting body is known as an ascocarp.

Question 8

Dikaryotic cells of fungi

Accepted Answer

A) are just another form of haploid cells. 
B) is just another name for diploid cells. 
C) contain paired haploid nuclei that fail to fuse for an extended period of time. 
D) are nonseptate plasmodial masses with many nuclei and no cell partitioning. 
E) are potential symbionts that can join with algae to form lichens. 
A) are just another form of haploid cells. 
B) is just another name for diploid cells. 
C) contain paired haploid nuclei that fail to fuse for an extended period of time. 
D) are nonseptate plasmodial masses with many nuclei and no cell partitioning. 
E) are potential symbionts that can join with algae to form lichens.

Question 9

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the structural components of fungi?

Accepted Answer

A) The vast majority of fungi are multicellular organisms that are composed of a mycelium as well as individual hyphae.Chitin is a structural carbohydrate that makes up the cell wall of fungi. 
B) The vast majority of fungi are multicellular organisms that are composed of a mycelium as well as individual hyphae.Cellulose is a structural carbohydrate that makes up the cell wall of fungi. 
C) The vast majority of fungi are unicellular organisms that are composed of a mycelium as well as individual hyphae.Chitin is a structural carbohydrate that makes up the cell wall of fungi. 
D) The vast majority of fungi are multicellular organisms that are composed of a single hyphae and multiple mycelium.Chitin is a structural carbohydrate that makes up the cell wall of fungi. 
A) The vast majority of fungi are multicellular organisms that are composed of a mycelium as well as individual hyphae.Chitin is a structural carbohydrate that makes up the cell wall of fungi. 
B) The vast majority of fungi are multicellular organisms that are composed of a mycelium as well as individual hyphae.Cellulose is a structural carbohydrate that makes up the cell wall of fungi. 
C) The vast majority of fungi are unicellular organisms that are composed of a mycelium as well as individual hyphae.Chitin is a structural carbohydrate that makes up the cell wall of fungi. 
D) The vast majority of fungi are multicellular organisms that are composed of a single hyphae and multiple mycelium.Chitin is a structural carbohydrate that makes up the cell wall of fungi.

Question 10

Poisonous or physiologically active chemicals found in various fungi include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) muscarine and muscaridine. 
B) psilocybin,a structural analog of LSD and mescaline. 
C) ergot alkaloids. 
D) digitoxin. 
A) muscarine and muscaridine. 
B) psilocybin,a structural analog of LSD and mescaline. 
C) ergot alkaloids. 
D) digitoxin.

Question 11

The relationship between the fungi and algae in lichens is best described as

Accepted Answer

A) a simple cooperative mutualism between normally free-living strains. 
B) a possible controlled parasitism wherein the fungi withdraw food from the algae and the algae do not benefit from the association. 
C) an endosymbiotic transfer of the chloroplasts of algae to the hyphae cells. 
D) a complete mixing of the genomes of the two groups at the cellular level. 
E) a possible controlled parasitism wherein the algae are moistened and protected by the fungi,but the fungi do not benefit from the association. 
A) a simple cooperative mutualism between normally free-living strains. 
B) a possible controlled parasitism wherein the fungi withdraw food from the algae and the algae do not benefit from the association. 
C) an endosymbiotic transfer of the chloroplasts of algae to the hyphae cells. 
D) a complete mixing of the genomes of the two groups at the cellular level. 
E) a possible controlled parasitism wherein the algae are moistened and protected by the fungi,but the fungi do not benefit from the association.

Question 12

Which of the following fungi / Phylum associations is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A) button mushrooms / Basidiomycota 
B) morel mushroom / Ascomycota 
C) Chytriomyces / Cytridiomycota 
D) black bread mold / Zygomycota 
E) cup fungus / Glomeromycota 
A) button mushrooms / Basidiomycota 
B) morel mushroom / Ascomycota 
C) Chytriomyces / Cytridiomycota 
D) black bread mold / Zygomycota 
E) cup fungus / Glomeromycota

Question 13

Fungi are thought to have been the first kind of eukaryotic cells that evolved.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Fungal diseases include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) thrush. 
B) Strep throat (pharyngitis). 
C) athlete's foot. 
D) histoplasmosis. 
A) thrush. 
B) Strep throat (pharyngitis). 
C) athlete's foot. 
D) histoplasmosis.

Question 15

Which statement is the most likely description of the common ancestor that exists between fungi and animals?

Accepted Answer

A) The ancestor was a flagellated organism that lived in some type of aquatic environment.It was most likely a unicellular protist. 
B) The ancestor was a flagellated organism that lived on the terrestrial environment.It was most likely a unicellular protist. 
C) The ancestor was a flagellated organism that lived in some type of aquatic environment.It was most likely a multicellular protist. 
D) The ancestor was a multicellular organism that lived in some type of aquatic environment.It was most likely a flagellated protist. 
A) The ancestor was a flagellated organism that lived in some type of aquatic environment.It was most likely a unicellular protist. 
B) The ancestor was a flagellated organism that lived on the terrestrial environment.It was most likely a unicellular protist. 
C) The ancestor was a flagellated organism that lived in some type of aquatic environment.It was most likely a multicellular protist. 
D) The ancestor was a multicellular organism that lived in some type of aquatic environment.It was most likely a flagellated protist.

Question 16

In time,bread becomes stale and grows mold on the exposed surfaces.Why does mold not begin growing inside the bread loaf?

Accepted Answer

A) Mold can grow only on dry surfaces. 
B) Only molds at the surface of the bread can get oxygen to respire. 
C) Mold actually begins from anywhere inside but produces colored spores only at the surface. 
D) There is an antibiotic antagonism between the bread mold and the internal yeasts that made the bread rise. 
E) The bread was sterilized when it was baked and thereafter mold spores from the air settle only on the outside of the cooled bread. 
A) Mold can grow only on dry surfaces. 
B) Only molds at the surface of the bread can get oxygen to respire. 
C) Mold actually begins from anywhere inside but produces colored spores only at the surface. 
D) There is an antibiotic antagonism between the bread mold and the internal yeasts that made the bread rise. 
E) The bread was sterilized when it was baked and thereafter mold spores from the air settle only on the outside of the cooled bread.

Question 17

Which of the following spores is the result of asexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

A) sporangiospores 
B) zygospores 
C) ascospores 
D) basidiospores 
A) sporangiospores 
B) zygospores 
C) ascospores 
D) basidiospores

Question 18

Mycorrhizae is a mutualistic relationship between fungi and algae in which the algae takes advantage of the fungi.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The difference between septate hyphae and nonseptate hyphae is

Accepted Answer

A) a difference in haploid and diploid cells. 
B) a distinction between saprotrophic fungi and parasitic or disease-causing fungi. 
C) a classification trait that separates basidiomycotes from ascomycotes. 
D) a distinction between plasmodial masses with many nuclei and nonliving zygospores. 
E) determined by whether the hyphae have cross walls or lack cross walls. 
A) a difference in haploid and diploid cells. 
B) a distinction between saprotrophic fungi and parasitic or disease-causing fungi. 
C) a classification trait that separates basidiomycotes from ascomycotes. 
D) a distinction between plasmodial masses with many nuclei and nonliving zygospores. 
E) determined by whether the hyphae have cross walls or lack cross walls.

Question 20

The part of a mushroom that we eat is usually the reproductive structure that supports the fruiting body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 22: Fungi Evolution and Diversity

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi invade plant roots,with some species forming mutualistic associations that benefit both the fungus and the plant.

Fungal infections are difficult to treat because

Which of the following information provides the strongest evidence to support the evolutionary relatedness between fungi and animals?

Figure: Study the evolutionary relationships among fungi to determine if the following statements are true or false. -Molecular data suggests that AM fungi are more closely related to Sac than Club fungi.

In differentiating fungi from plants and animals,which of the following statements is NOT true?

A normal inhabitant of the vaginal tract that causes "yeast infections" under certain circumstances is Saccharomyces.

Which of the following does not describe Phylum Ascomycota?

Dikaryotic cells of fungi

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the structural components of fungi?

Poisonous or physiologically active chemicals found in various fungi include all of the following EXCEPT

The relationship between the fungi and algae in lichens is best described as

Which of the following fungi / Phylum associations is incorrect?

Fungi are thought to have been the first kind of eukaryotic cells that evolved.

Fungal diseases include all of the following EXCEPT

Which statement is the most likely description of the common ancestor that exists between fungi and animals?

In time,bread becomes stale and grows mold on the exposed surfaces.Why does mold not begin growing inside the bread loaf?

Which of the following spores is the result of asexual reproduction?

Mycorrhizae is a mutualistic relationship between fungi and algae in which the algae takes advantage of the fungi.

The difference between septate hyphae and nonseptate hyphae is

The part of a mushroom that we eat is usually the reproductive structure that supports the fruiting body.

A View of Life

Basic Chemistry

The Chemistry of Organic Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Membrane Structure and Function

Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes

Photosynthesis

Cellular Respiration

The Cell Cycle and Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

Regulation of Gene Expression

Biotechnology and Genomics

Darwin and Evolution

How Populations Evolve

Speciation and Macroevolution

Origin and History of Life

Taxonomy,systematics,and Phylogeny

Viruses,bacteria,and Archaea

Protist Evolution and Diversity

Plant Evolution and Diversity

Flowering Plants: Structure and Organization

Flowering Plants: Nutrition and Transport

Flowering Plants: Control of Growth Responses

Flowering Plants: Reproduction

Invertebrate Evolution

Vertebrate Evolution

Human Evolution

Animal Organization and Homeostasis

Circulation and Cardiovascular Systems

The Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Digestive Systems and Nutrition

Respiratory Systems

Body Fluid Regulation and Excretory Systems

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sense Organs

Locomotion and Support Systems

Hormones and Endocrine Systems

Reproductive Systems

Animal Development

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Community and Ecosystem Ecology

Major Ecosystems of the Biosphere

Conservation of Biodiversity

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