Question 1

All of the following are true regarding systematics EXCEPT that it

Accepted Answer

A) is the study of the diversity of organisms at all levels of organization. 
B) is the specific study of identification,naming,and classification of organisms. 
C) relies on data from the fossil record,homology,and molecular data. 
D) utilizes protein,DNA,and RNA comparisons to determine relatedness of individuals. 
A) is the study of the diversity of organisms at all levels of organization. 
B) is the specific study of identification,naming,and classification of organisms. 
C) relies on data from the fossil record,homology,and molecular data. 
D) utilizes protein,DNA,and RNA comparisons to determine relatedness of individuals.

Question 2

The highlighted grouping in the cladogram is a ____________ grouping.

Accepted Answer

A) monophyletic 
B) paraphyletic 
C) polyphyletic 
D) None of the above. 
A) monophyletic 
B) paraphyletic 
C) polyphyletic 
D) None of the above.

Question 3

Which of the following lists of features exemplifies the Domain Archaea?

Accepted Answer

A) Unicellular,varying brached lipids in their cell membrane,no nuclear envelope and contain some introns 
B) Multicellular,varying branched lipids in their cell membrane,no nuclear envelope and contain some introns 
C) Unicellular,unbranched phospholipids in their cell membrane,no nuclear envelope and contain some introns 
D) Unicellular,varying brached lipids in their cell membrane,nuclear envelope and contain some introns 
A) Unicellular,varying brached lipids in their cell membrane,no nuclear envelope and contain some introns 
B) Multicellular,varying branched lipids in their cell membrane,no nuclear envelope and contain some introns 
C) Unicellular,unbranched phospholipids in their cell membrane,no nuclear envelope and contain some introns 
D) Unicellular,varying brached lipids in their cell membrane,nuclear envelope and contain some introns

Question 4

When comparing archaea with bacteria

Accepted Answer

A) both archaea and bacteria are easily cultured and studied in the laboratory. 
B) the chemical nature of the cell wall of archaea and bacteria is identical and shows their early relationship. 
C) bacteria are not very diverse and are limited in distribution,while archaea are far more diverse and found everywhere. 
D) the archaea and bacteria are cases of reduction in traits and are both derived from early eukarya. 
E) None of the choices are true. 
A) both archaea and bacteria are easily cultured and studied in the laboratory. 
B) the chemical nature of the cell wall of archaea and bacteria is identical and shows their early relationship. 
C) bacteria are not very diverse and are limited in distribution,while archaea are far more diverse and found everywhere. 
D) the archaea and bacteria are cases of reduction in traits and are both derived from early eukarya. 
E) None of the choices are true.

Question 5

Which of the following features would be used to construct a phylogenic tree?

Accepted Answer

A) homologous structures 
B) fossil record data 
C) DNA-DNA hybridization 
D) amino acid sequences 
E) All of the above. 
A) homologous structures 
B) fossil record data 
C) DNA-DNA hybridization 
D) amino acid sequences 
E) All of the above.

Question 6

Which of the following best represents analogous structures?

Accepted Answer

A) the arm of a human and the wing of a bat 
B) the arm of a human and the leg of a human 
C) the wing of a butterfly and the wing of a bee 
D) the wing of a bat and the wing of a butterfly 
A) the arm of a human and the wing of a bat 
B) the arm of a human and the leg of a human 
C) the wing of a butterfly and the wing of a bee 
D) the wing of a bat and the wing of a butterfly

Question 7

The use of a molecular clock may be used to indicate relatedness and evolutionary time

Accepted Answer

A) if nucleic acid changes are neutral and not tied to adaptation. 
B) if nucleic acid changes occur at a fairly constant rate. 
C) but still needs to be calibrated with the fossil record. 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
A) if nucleic acid changes are neutral and not tied to adaptation. 
B) if nucleic acid changes occur at a fairly constant rate. 
C) but still needs to be calibrated with the fossil record. 
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 8

Hair is a character shared by all mammals,but not found in their ancestral lineage.Hair is therefore considered to be a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) clade. 
B) shared ancestral character (trait). 
C) shared derived character (trait). 
D) analogous structure. 
A) clade. 
B) shared ancestral character (trait). 
C) shared derived character (trait). 
D) analogous structure.

Question 9

______ is the process of naming and assigning organisms to a taxon.

Accepted Answer

A) Cladistics 
B) Taxonomy 
C) Phylogeny 
D) Classification 
E) None of the above 
A) Cladistics 
B) Taxonomy 
C) Phylogeny 
D) Classification 
E) None of the above

Question 10

The highlighted grouping in the cladogram is a ____________ grouping.

Accepted Answer

A) monophyletic 
B) paraphyletic 
C) polyphyletic 
D) None of the above. 
A) monophyletic 
B) paraphyletic 
C) polyphyletic 
D) None of the above.

Question 11

The scientific name of the family dog is Canis familiaris.Canis represents the species _______.

Accepted Answer

A) genus name. 
B) species name. 
C) phylum name. 
D) kingdom. 
A) genus name. 
B) species name. 
C) phylum name. 
D) kingdom.

Question 12

Based on this tree,the lineage leading to ________ was the first to diverge from the other lines.

Accepted Answer

A) turtles 
B) birds 
C) dinosaurs 
D) mammals 
E) crocodilians 
A) turtles 
B) birds 
C) dinosaurs 
D) mammals 
E) crocodilians

Question 13

If you were using cladistics to construct a phylogenetic tree of birds,what is the best outgroup?

Accepted Answer

A) eagles 
B) robins 
C) bats 
D) eastern bluebirds 
A) eagles 
B) robins 
C) bats 
D) eastern bluebirds

Question 14

The scientific name of the giant swallowtail is Heraclides cresphontes.Therefore,

Accepted Answer

A) it belongs to the genus Heraclides. 
B) it belongs to the species cresphontes. 
C) the specific epithet is cresphontes. 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
A) it belongs to the genus Heraclides. 
B) it belongs to the species cresphontes. 
C) the specific epithet is cresphontes. 
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 15

Early biologists referred to animals as ''simple" and ''advanced," but now it is more accurate to use the following terms:

Accepted Answer

A) ''allopatric" and ''sympatric," since the species is most important. 
B) "generalists" and ''specialists," since this is how biologists classify characters. 
C) ''simple" and ''complex," since anatomy terms are more exact. 
D) ''evolved" and ''un-evolved," since everything ties together with evolution. 
E) ''primitive" and ''derived," since some early forms became very complex and some evolved forms are derived from them but lost characters and are simple. 
A) ''allopatric" and ''sympatric," since the species is most important. 
B) "generalists" and ''specialists," since this is how biologists classify characters. 
C) ''simple" and ''complex," since anatomy terms are more exact. 
D) ''evolved" and ''un-evolved," since everything ties together with evolution. 
E) ''primitive" and ''derived," since some early forms became very complex and some evolved forms are derived from them but lost characters and are simple.

Question 16

Which of the following Domains includes the majority of the organisms that were previously classified in Kingdom Monera?

Accepted Answer

A) Bacteria and Eubacteria 
B) Protista and Eukarya 
C) Archaea and Algae 
D) Eukarya and Bacteria 
E) Archaea and Bacteria 
A) Bacteria and Eubacteria 
B) Protista and Eukarya 
C) Archaea and Algae 
D) Eukarya and Bacteria 
E) Archaea and Bacteria

Question 17

A(n)_______ is one that is present in the common ancestor and all members of a group.

Accepted Answer

A) shared ancestral character 
B) clade 
C) divergence 
D) shared derived character 
E) analogous structure 
A) shared ancestral character 
B) clade 
C) divergence 
D) shared derived character 
E) analogous structure

Question 18

Which of the following statements about taxonomy is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A) In cladistics,a common ancestor and all its descendents that share one or more derived traits are placed in a single clade. 
B) Analogous structures are derived from a common ancestral structure to perform the same function. 
C) Biochemical data and the fossil record can be used independently to indicate the length of time since two species diverged from a common ancestor. 
D) Homologous structures are derived from a single structure in the ancestor,although they may be adapted to different uses in the descendent species (e.g.,a dog's foreleg and a human's arm). 
A) In cladistics,a common ancestor and all its descendents that share one or more derived traits are placed in a single clade. 
B) Analogous structures are derived from a common ancestral structure to perform the same function. 
C) Biochemical data and the fossil record can be used independently to indicate the length of time since two species diverged from a common ancestor. 
D) Homologous structures are derived from a single structure in the ancestor,although they may be adapted to different uses in the descendent species (e.g.,a dog's foreleg and a human's arm).

Question 19

Order these major taxonomic categories into an increasingly inclusive hierarchy.

Accepted Answer

A) genus,species,class,order,family,domain,kingdom,phylum 
B) species,genus,family,order,class,phylum,kingdom,domain 
C) domain,kingdom,phylum,class,order,family,genus,species 
D) class,order,family,genus,species,kingdom,phylum,domain 
A) genus,species,class,order,family,domain,kingdom,phylum 
B) species,genus,family,order,class,phylum,kingdom,domain 
C) domain,kingdom,phylum,class,order,family,genus,species 
D) class,order,family,genus,species,kingdom,phylum,domain

Question 20

A recent book by a reputable biologist suggests there is a deep,hot biosphere under the Earth's crust that may have more biomass than all life at the Earth's surface.This would primarily rely on what organisms?

Accepted Answer

A) primitive animals 
B) primitive heat-loving plants 
C) fungi living on the detritus from above 
D) thermoacidophilic archaea 
E) viruses 
A) primitive animals 
B) primitive heat-loving plants 
C) fungi living on the detritus from above 
D) thermoacidophilic archaea 
E) viruses

Exam 19: Taxonomy,systematics,and Phylogeny

All of the following are true regarding systematics EXCEPT that it

The highlighted grouping in the cladogram is a ____________ grouping.

Which of the following lists of features exemplifies the Domain Archaea?

When comparing archaea with bacteria

Which of the following features would be used to construct a phylogenic tree?

Which of the following best represents analogous structures?

The use of a molecular clock may be used to indicate relatedness and evolutionary time

Hair is a character shared by all mammals,but not found in their ancestral lineage.Hair is therefore considered to be a(n)

______ is the process of naming and assigning organisms to a taxon.

The highlighted grouping in the cladogram is a ____________ grouping.

The scientific name of the family dog is Canis familiaris.Canis represents the species _______.

Based on this tree,the lineage leading to ________ was the first to diverge from the other lines.

If you were using cladistics to construct a phylogenetic tree of birds,what is the best outgroup?

The scientific name of the giant swallowtail is Heraclides cresphontes.Therefore,

Early biologists referred to animals as ''simple" and ''advanced," but now it is more accurate to use the following terms:

Which of the following Domains includes the majority of the organisms that were previously classified in Kingdom Monera?

A(n)_______ is one that is present in the common ancestor and all members of a group.

Which of the following statements about taxonomy is NOT true?

Order these major taxonomic categories into an increasingly inclusive hierarchy.

A recent book by a reputable biologist suggests there is a deep,hot biosphere under the Earth's crust that may have more biomass than all life at the Earth's surface.This would primarily rely on what organisms?

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