Question 1

Which of these statements is NOT a consequence of the second law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

A) While the total amount of energy is unchanged,the energy lost as heat is no longer useful to the cell in doing work. 
B) Reactions that occur spontaneously are those that increase the amount of useful energy in a system. 
C) The amount of disorder in the universe is always increasing. 
D) To maintain organization of a cell,a continual input of energy is required. 
A) While the total amount of energy is unchanged,the energy lost as heat is no longer useful to the cell in doing work. 
B) Reactions that occur spontaneously are those that increase the amount of useful energy in a system. 
C) The amount of disorder in the universe is always increasing. 
D) To maintain organization of a cell,a continual input of energy is required.

Question 2

Study the figure at right.What does the letter A depict?

Accepted Answer

A) Energy of the reactant 
B) Energy of the products 
C) Energy of activation 
D) Substrate concentration 
A) Energy of the reactant 
B) Energy of the products 
C) Energy of activation 
D) Substrate concentration

Question 3

Study the graph at right.The letter 'B ' depicts the _____,while 'C' depicts ________.

Accepted Answer

A) Energy of Activation; Energy of products 
B) Energy of products; Energy of Activation 
C) Energy of reactants; Energy of products 
D) Reactant concentration; Activation Energy 
A) Energy of Activation; Energy of products 
B) Energy of products; Energy of Activation 
C) Energy of reactants; Energy of products 
D) Reactant concentration; Activation Energy

Question 4

Which statement describes the currently accepted theory of how an enzyme and its substrate fit together?

Accepted Answer

A) As the product is released,the enzyme breaks down. 
B) The enzyme is like a key that fits into the substrate,which is like a lock. 
C) The active site is permanently changed by its interaction with the substrate. 
D) As the substrate binds to the enzyme,the shape of the active site changes to accommodate the reaction. 
A) As the product is released,the enzyme breaks down. 
B) The enzyme is like a key that fits into the substrate,which is like a lock. 
C) The active site is permanently changed by its interaction with the substrate. 
D) As the substrate binds to the enzyme,the shape of the active site changes to accommodate the reaction.

Question 5

During the conversion of glucose into a free form of energy only a small percentage is converted into useable ATP.What is the rest of the energy converted into?

Accepted Answer

A) heat 
B) CO2 
C) H2O 
D) CO- 
A) heat 
B) CO2 
C) H2O 
D) CO-

Question 6

Endergonic reactions:

Accepted Answer

A) release energy. 
B) have a negative $\Delta$G and occur spontaneously. 
C) can only occur if there is an input of energy. 
D) have products with less free energy than the reactants. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) release energy. 
B) have a negative $\Delta$G and occur spontaneously. 
C) can only occur if there is an input of energy. 
D) have products with less free energy than the reactants. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 7

ATP is considered to be

Accepted Answer

A) an enzyme used widely in all kinds of cells. 
B) a coenzyme used to inhibit or activate different enzymes. 
C) a molecule that carries a great deal of chemical energy in a chemical bond. 
D) the precursor of a high-energy membrane-bounded protein. 
A) an enzyme used widely in all kinds of cells. 
B) a coenzyme used to inhibit or activate different enzymes. 
C) a molecule that carries a great deal of chemical energy in a chemical bond. 
D) the precursor of a high-energy membrane-bounded protein.

Question 8

In this pathway,B $\rightarrow$ C is coupled with ADP $\rightarrow$ ATP.Categorize the reactions as endergonic or exergonic.

Accepted Answer

A) B $\rightarrow$ C is endergonic and ADP
$\rightarrow$ ATP is exergonic. 
B) ADP $\rightarrow$ ATP is endergonic and B
$\rightarrow$ C is exergonic. 
C) Both B $\rightarrow$ C and ADP
$\rightarrow$ ATP are endergonic. 
D) Both B $\rightarrow$ C and ADP
$\rightarrow$ ATP are exergonic. 
A) B $\rightarrow$ C is endergonic and ADP
$\rightarrow$ ATP is exergonic. 
B) ADP $\rightarrow$ ATP is endergonic and B
$\rightarrow$ C is exergonic. 
C) Both B $\rightarrow$ C and ADP
$\rightarrow$ ATP are endergonic. 
D) Both B $\rightarrow$ C and ADP
$\rightarrow$ ATP are exergonic.

Question 9

An enzyme is a globular protein that inhibits the formation of chemical bonds within the enzyme's substrate(s)causing the rate of the reaction to slow down.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

While we are sitting down to lunch we are consuming _______ energy which will then be converted into ______ energy as we work until dinner time.

Accepted Answer

A) potential,kinetic 
B) kinetic,potential 
C) kinetic,free 
D) potential,stored 
A) potential,kinetic 
B) kinetic,potential 
C) kinetic,free 
D) potential,stored

Question 11

The energy for ATP synthesis in chemiosmotic phosphorylation comes from the movement of hydrogen ions across a membrane down a concentration gradient.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following labels is incorrectly identified.

Accepted Answer

A) A refers to the products. 
B) B refers to the substrate-enzyme complex. 
C) C refers to the reactants. 
D) D refers to the product. 
A) A refers to the products. 
B) B refers to the substrate-enzyme complex. 
C) C refers to the reactants. 
D) D refers to the product.

Question 13

In the electron transport systems of chloroplasts and mitochondria,

Accepted Answer

A) the system consists of a series of membrane bound carriers that transfer electrons from one carrier to another. 
B) high energy electrons enter the system and low energy electrons exit the system. 
C) energy release occurs when the electron transfers from one carrier to another. 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
A) the system consists of a series of membrane bound carriers that transfer electrons from one carrier to another. 
B) high energy electrons enter the system and low energy electrons exit the system. 
C) energy release occurs when the electron transfers from one carrier to another. 
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 14

Which of the following is consistent with the laws of physics governing energy?

Accepted Answer

A) When a liter of gasoline is burned in a car engine,100% of its energy goes into moving the car along the road. 
B) You eat a "quarter-pounder" hamburger and assemble exactly a quarter-pound of additional body weight on your body. 
C) Eventually sunlight that is absorbed on the earth returns to space as dispersed heat. 
D) A calorie of sunlight becomes a calorie of plant tissue that,eaten by you,becomes a calorie of heat lost in muscle "power." 
E) Chemical bonds are a case of converting energy to matter; breaking the bonds converts matter to energy. 
A) When a liter of gasoline is burned in a car engine,100% of its energy goes into moving the car along the road. 
B) You eat a "quarter-pounder" hamburger and assemble exactly a quarter-pound of additional body weight on your body. 
C) Eventually sunlight that is absorbed on the earth returns to space as dispersed heat. 
D) A calorie of sunlight becomes a calorie of plant tissue that,eaten by you,becomes a calorie of heat lost in muscle "power." 
E) Chemical bonds are a case of converting energy to matter; breaking the bonds converts matter to energy.

Question 15

Which statement is NOT true about how various conditions will effect the activity of an enzyme?

Accepted Answer

A) Higher temperatures generally increase the activity of an enzyme up to a point. 
B) Above a certain range of temperatures,the protein of an enzyme is denatured. 
C) A change in pH can cause an enzyme to be inactivated. 
D) An enzyme's activity is generally reduced by an increase in substrate concentration. 
E) When sufficient substrate is available,the active site will nearly always be occupied. 
A) Higher temperatures generally increase the activity of an enzyme up to a point. 
B) Above a certain range of temperatures,the protein of an enzyme is denatured. 
C) A change in pH can cause an enzyme to be inactivated. 
D) An enzyme's activity is generally reduced by an increase in substrate concentration. 
E) When sufficient substrate is available,the active site will nearly always be occupied.

Question 16

Coupling occurs when the energy released by an exergonic reaction is:

Accepted Answer

A) used to drive another exergonic reaction. 
B) used to drive an endergonic reaction. 
C) lost as nonusable heat to the environment. 
D) used to decrease the entropy of the universe. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) used to drive another exergonic reaction. 
B) used to drive an endergonic reaction. 
C) lost as nonusable heat to the environment. 
D) used to decrease the entropy of the universe. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 17

If a change in pH alters an allosteric site where an inhibitor binds,but doesn't change the active site for the intended substrate,it would be possible for an enzymatically controlled reaction to occur as normal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Astrophysicists explain that eventually the sun will swell to become a red giant,engulf the earth and "burn out" with all forms of energy dispersing in a final "heat death." Compared with conditions today,the entropy of the universe then will

Accepted Answer

A) have increased greatly. 
B) have decreased greatly. 
C) remain the same because energy cannot be created or destroyed. 
A) have increased greatly. 
B) have decreased greatly. 
C) remain the same because energy cannot be created or destroyed.

Question 19

ATP is considered a high-energy compound because under cellular conditions,7.3 kcal per mole of energy is released when a bond is broken between:

Accepted Answer

A) the base adenine and the sugar ribose. 
B) the adenosine and the phosphate groups. 
C) the base adenine and the phosphate groups. 
D) the adenosine diphosphate and the third phosphate. 
E) All of the bonds release energy as ATP is completely broken down. 
A) the base adenine and the sugar ribose. 
B) the adenosine and the phosphate groups. 
C) the base adenine and the phosphate groups. 
D) the adenosine diphosphate and the third phosphate. 
E) All of the bonds release energy as ATP is completely broken down.

Question 20

An automobile engine is about 20 - 30% efficient in converting chemical energy to mechanical energy.Cells are about 39% efficient in the transformation of glucose to ATP.The rest of the energy is lost as heat.This is illustrative of the:

Accepted Answer

A) First Law of Thermodynamics. 
B) Second Law of Thermodynamics. 
C) Third Law of Thermodynamics. 
D) The Cell Theory. 
A) First Law of Thermodynamics. 
B) Second Law of Thermodynamics. 
C) Third Law of Thermodynamics. 
D) The Cell Theory.

Exam 6: Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes

Which of these statements is NOT a consequence of the second law of thermodynamics?

Study the figure at right.What does the letter A depict?

Study the graph at right.The letter 'B ' depicts the _____,while 'C' depicts ________.

Which statement describes the currently accepted theory of how an enzyme and its substrate fit together?

During the conversion of glucose into a free form of energy only a small percentage is converted into useable ATP.What is the rest of the energy converted into?

Endergonic reactions:

ATP is considered to be

In this pathway,B →\rightarrow→ C is coupled with ADP →\rightarrow→ ATP.Categorize the reactions as endergonic or exergonic.

An enzyme is a globular protein that inhibits the formation of chemical bonds within the enzyme's substrate(s)causing the rate of the reaction to slow down.

While we are sitting down to lunch we are consuming _______ energy which will then be converted into ______ energy as we work until dinner time.

The energy for ATP synthesis in chemiosmotic phosphorylation comes from the movement of hydrogen ions across a membrane down a concentration gradient.

Which of the following labels is incorrectly identified.

In the electron transport systems of chloroplasts and mitochondria,

Which of the following is consistent with the laws of physics governing energy?

Which statement is NOT true about how various conditions will effect the activity of an enzyme?

Coupling occurs when the energy released by an exergonic reaction is:

If a change in pH alters an allosteric site where an inhibitor binds,but doesn't change the active site for the intended substrate,it would be possible for an enzymatically controlled reaction to occur as normal.

Astrophysicists explain that eventually the sun will swell to become a red giant,engulf the earth and "burn out" with all forms of energy dispersing in a final "heat death." Compared with conditions today,the entropy of the universe then will

ATP is considered a high-energy compound because under cellular conditions,7.3 kcal per mole of energy is released when a bond is broken between:

An automobile engine is about 20 - 30% efficient in converting chemical energy to mechanical energy.Cells are about 39% efficient in the transformation of glucose to ATP.The rest of the energy is lost as heat.This is illustrative of the:

A View of Life

Basic Chemistry

The Chemistry of Organic Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Membrane Structure and Function

Photosynthesis

Cellular Respiration

The Cell Cycle and Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

Regulation of Gene Expression

Biotechnology and Genomics

Darwin and Evolution

How Populations Evolve

Speciation and Macroevolution

Origin and History of Life

Taxonomy,systematics,and Phylogeny

Viruses,bacteria,and Archaea

Protist Evolution and Diversity

Fungi Evolution and Diversity

Plant Evolution and Diversity

Flowering Plants: Structure and Organization

Flowering Plants: Nutrition and Transport

Flowering Plants: Control of Growth Responses

Flowering Plants: Reproduction

Invertebrate Evolution

Vertebrate Evolution

Human Evolution

Animal Organization and Homeostasis

Circulation and Cardiovascular Systems

The Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Digestive Systems and Nutrition

Respiratory Systems

Body Fluid Regulation and Excretory Systems

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sense Organs

Locomotion and Support Systems

Hormones and Endocrine Systems

Reproductive Systems

Animal Development

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Community and Ecosystem Ecology

Major Ecosystems of the Biosphere

Conservation of Biodiversity

Filters

Study the graph at right.The letter 'B ' depicts the _,while 'C' depicts ____.

In this pathway,B $\rightarrow$ C is coupled with ADP $\rightarrow$ ATP.Categorize the reactions as endergonic or exergonic. $In this pathway,B \rightarrow C is coupled with ADP \rightarrow ATP.Categorize the reactions as endergonic or exergonic.$

While we are sitting down to lunch we are consuming _ energy which will then be converted into energy as we work until dinner time.