Question 1

In the Hardy-Weinberg equation,p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1.If the dominant allele frequency is 0.8,what percent of the population will be homozygous recessive?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.40 
B)  0.64 
C)  0.16 
D)  0.04 
E)  0.32 
A)  0.40 
B)  0.64 
C)  0.16 
D)  0.04 
E)  0.32 D

Question 2

The few ancestors of the Galàpagos finches who colonized the islands would be an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  founder effect. 
B)  increased mutation rate. 
C)  a bottleneck. 
D)  gene flow. 
E)  natural selection. 
A)  founder effect. 
B)  increased mutation rate. 
C)  a bottleneck. 
D)  gene flow. 
E)  natural selection. A

Question 3

The relatively short-term changes in allele frequencies within a population is

Accepted Answer

A)  fitness. 
B)  adaptation. 
C)  microevolution. 
D)  convergent evolution. 
E)  natural selection. 
A)  fitness. 
B)  adaptation. 
C)  microevolution. 
D)  convergent evolution. 
E)  natural selection. C

Question 4

On a biology field trip near campus,you observe layers of volcanic rock,eroded mountain rocks,and even rocks apparently formed near an ocean coast.Fossils found in the different rock layers have diverse body forms,for living on land,or in the sea,or other habitats.This set of observations tends to support

Accepted Answer

A)  limits to the fossil organism populations, as proposed by Malthus. 
B)  microevolution of the organisms, as the environment changed. 
C)  uniformitarianism, as proposed by Hutton. 
D)  catastrophism, as proposed by Cuvier. 
A)  limits to the fossil organism populations, as proposed by Malthus. 
B)  microevolution of the organisms, as the environment changed. 
C)  uniformitarianism, as proposed by Hutton. 
D)  catastrophism, as proposed by Cuvier.

Question 5

Genetic change in a population from generation to generation defines which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  heredity 
B)  evolution 
C)  mitosis 
D)  phenotype 
E)  genotype 
A)  heredity 
B)  evolution 
C)  mitosis 
D)  phenotype 
E)  genotype

Question 6

The French naturalist,who in 1749 became one of the first scientists to suggest that closely related species arose from a common ancestor and were changing,was

Accepted Answer

A)  Georges-Louis Buffon. 
B)  Georges Cuvier. 
C)  James Hutton. 
D)  Charles Darwin. 
E)  Charles Lyell. 
A)  Georges-Louis Buffon. 
B)  Georges Cuvier. 
C)  James Hutton. 
D)  Charles Darwin. 
E)  Charles Lyell.

Question 7

A population declines when

Accepted Answer

A)  reproductive rate exceeds death rate. 
B)  smaller animals are selectively removed. 
C)  reproductive and death rates are equal. 
D)  animals are removed randomly. 
E)  death rate exceeds reproductive rate. 
A)  reproductive rate exceeds death rate. 
B)  smaller animals are selectively removed. 
C)  reproductive and death rates are equal. 
D)  animals are removed randomly. 
E)  death rate exceeds reproductive rate.

Question 8

Natural selection is random because no individuals are eliminated from reproducing due to different environments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

A cigarette smoker with lung cancer will not pass any smoking-induced lung cancer mutations to his children because the smoking-induced mutations

Accepted Answer

A)  are not in DNA. 
B)  do not affect the phenotype of the lung cells. 
C)  are in somatic cells. 
D)  are in germ cells. 
E)  are in gametes. 
A)  are not in DNA. 
B)  do not affect the phenotype of the lung cells. 
C)  are in somatic cells. 
D)  are in germ cells. 
E)  are in gametes.

Question 10

The chance that a mutation will occur is independent of whether a new phenotype will benefit a population.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Sexually dimorphic features do not include

Accepted Answer

A)  None of the answer choices are sexually dimorphic features. 
B)  antlers. 
C)  intelligence. 
D)  body size. 
E)  colored plumage. 
A)  None of the answer choices are sexually dimorphic features. 
B)  antlers. 
C)  intelligence. 
D)  body size. 
E)  colored plumage.

Question 12

The scientist,___,proposed catastrophism and the principle of superposition after observing ___

Accepted Answer

A)  Charles Darwin; variability in populations of island and continental populations. 
B)  James Hutton; anatomical differences observed to be caused by variable use of parts of their bodies. 
C)  Georges-Louis Buffon; the similarities and differences among closely related species. 
D)  Charles Lyell; observed genetic patterns of inheritance among plants and animals. 
E)  Georges Cuvier; interruptions and fossil similaries in the fossil record. 
A)  Charles Darwin; variability in populations of island and continental populations. 
B)  James Hutton; anatomical differences observed to be caused by variable use of parts of their bodies. 
C)  Georges-Louis Buffon; the similarities and differences among closely related species. 
D)  Charles Lyell; observed genetic patterns of inheritance among plants and animals. 
E)  Georges Cuvier; interruptions and fossil similaries in the fossil record.

Question 13

In the Hardy-Weinberg equation,p + q = 1,p and q represent the frequency of alleles in a population of diploid organisms if

Accepted Answer

A)  only two alleles exist for that gene. 
B)  the trait is polygenic. 
C)  only one allele exists for that gene. 
D)  two or more genes are needed to express a trait. 
E)  two or more alleles exist for that gene. 
A)  only two alleles exist for that gene. 
B)  the trait is polygenic. 
C)  only one allele exists for that gene. 
D)  two or more genes are needed to express a trait. 
E)  two or more alleles exist for that gene.

Question 14

A gradual change in an organism,from an ancestral type was referred to by Darwin as

Accepted Answer

A)  an adaptation. 
B)  descent with modification. 
C)  natural selection. 
D)  convergent evolution. 
E)  artificial selection. 
A)  an adaptation. 
B)  descent with modification. 
C)  natural selection. 
D)  convergent evolution. 
E)  artificial selection.

Question 15

The name for heritable traits that provide benefit and advantage for each individual in a population to survive and reproduce are

Accepted Answer

A)  polymorphisms. 
B)  alleles. 
C)  adaptations. 
D)  genotypes. 
E)  superpositions. 
A)  polymorphisms. 
B)  alleles. 
C)  adaptations. 
D)  genotypes. 
E)  superpositions.

Question 16

Ancestors of the Galàpagos finches had two different types of seeds to eat on some islands.Some seeds were very small,and required small beaks to handle,other seeds were very large and required large strong beaks to crack.This led to ____ among the Galàpagos finches.

Accepted Answer

A)  sexual selection 
B)  stabilizing selection 
C)  directional selection 
D)  disruptive selection 
E)  artificial selection 
A)  sexual selection 
B)  stabilizing selection 
C)  directional selection 
D)  disruptive selection 
E)  artificial selection

Question 17

Evolution occurs in individuals,not populations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

When Conover and Munch harvested small fish,large fish,or random sizes of fish,what hypothesis were they testing?

Accepted Answer

A)  that slot limits would decrease the size of fish in future generations 
B)  that harvesting larger fish would increase the size of fish in future generations 
C)  that harvesting larger fish would decrease the size of fish in future generations 
D)  that harvesting fish randomly would decrease the size of fish in future generations 
E)  that harvesting fish randomly would increase the size of fish in future generations 
A)  that slot limits would decrease the size of fish in future generations 
B)  that harvesting larger fish would increase the size of fish in future generations 
C)  that harvesting larger fish would decrease the size of fish in future generations 
D)  that harvesting fish randomly would decrease the size of fish in future generations 
E)  that harvesting fish randomly would increase the size of fish in future generations

Question 19

Darwin's theory was strongly founded on the geographic distances travelled by migrating species,or occupied by their populations.A theory of "Island Biogeography" was introduced in 1967,further elaborating on importance of the distances travelled,or areas occupied by populations.A specialized field of "Landscape Ecology" concerns patches of habitat,and distances between them,along with movement corridors,or barriers to movement.With all of these,the individuals that move about and successfully reproduce in the population

Accepted Answer

A)  demonstrate gene flow that can counteract trends in selection and other allele frequency changes. 
B)  can be blocked by human construction of cities, or modification of vast landscapes for agriculture. 
C)  can be aided by human construction of artificial corridors of movement, such as rails and roadways. 
D)  All of the answer options are correct as possibilities for different species. 
E)  can reunite smaller groups of the species population that were previously isolated. 
A)  demonstrate gene flow that can counteract trends in selection and other allele frequency changes. 
B)  can be blocked by human construction of cities, or modification of vast landscapes for agriculture. 
C)  can be aided by human construction of artificial corridors of movement, such as rails and roadways. 
D)  All of the answer options are correct as possibilities for different species. 
E)  can reunite smaller groups of the species population that were previously isolated.

Question 20

Sexual selection is a type of natural selection resulting from variation in the ability to obtain mates.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 12: The Forces of Evolutionary Change

In the Hardy-Weinberg equation,p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1.If the dominant allele frequency is 0.8,what percent of the population will be homozygous recessive?

The few ancestors of the Galàpagos finches who colonized the islands would be an example of

The relatively short-term changes in allele frequencies within a population is

Genetic change in a population from generation to generation defines which of the following?

The French naturalist,who in 1749 became one of the first scientists to suggest that closely related species arose from a common ancestor and were changing,was

A population declines when

Natural selection is random because no individuals are eliminated from reproducing due to different environments.

A cigarette smoker with lung cancer will not pass any smoking-induced lung cancer mutations to his children because the smoking-induced mutations

The chance that a mutation will occur is independent of whether a new phenotype will benefit a population.

Sexually dimorphic features do not include

The scientist,___,proposed catastrophism and the principle of superposition after observing ___

In the Hardy-Weinberg equation,p + q = 1,p and q represent the frequency of alleles in a population of diploid organisms if

A gradual change in an organism,from an ancestral type was referred to by Darwin as

The name for heritable traits that provide benefit and advantage for each individual in a population to survive and reproduce are

Ancestors of the Galàpagos finches had two different types of seeds to eat on some islands.Some seeds were very small,and required small beaks to handle,other seeds were very large and required large strong beaks to crack.This led to ____ among the Galàpagos finches.

Evolution occurs in individuals,not populations.

When Conover and Munch harvested small fish,large fish,or random sizes of fish,what hypothesis were they testing?

Sexual selection is a type of natural selection resulting from variation in the ability to obtain mates.

The Scientific Study of Life

The Chemistry of Life

Cell Structure and Function

The Energy of Life

Photosynthesis

How Cells Release Energy

DNA Structure and Gene Function

DNA Replication, mitosis, and the Cell Cycle

Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

DNA Technology

Evidence of Evolution

Speciation and Extinction

The Origin and History of Life

Viruses

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plants

Fungi

Animals

Plant Form and Function

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Reproduction and Development of Flowering Plants

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

The Nervous System

The Senses

The Endocrine System

The Skeletal and Muscular Systems

The Circulatory System

The Respiratory System

Digestion and Nutrition

Regulation of Temperature and Body Fluids

The Immune System

Animal Reproduction and Development

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Biomes

Preserving Biodiversity

Filters

In the Hardy-Weinberg equation,p² + 2pq + q² = 1.If the dominant allele frequency is 0.8,what percent of the population will be homozygous recessive?

The scientist,_,proposed catastrophism and the principle of superposition after observing _