Question 1

A type of symbiosis in which both species benefit is

Accepted Answer

A)  commensalism. 
B)  mutualism. 
C)  intraspecific competition. 
D)  parasitism. 
E)  predation. 
A)  commensalism. 
B)  mutualism. 
C)  intraspecific competition. 
D)  parasitism. 
E)  predation. B

Question 2

In _____,bacteria return nitrogen to the atmosphere by converting nitrates to N2.

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrogen fixing 
B)  nitrification 
C)  denitrification 
D)  respiration 
E)  transpiration 
A)  nitrogen fixing 
B)  nitrification 
C)  denitrification 
D)  respiration 
E)  transpiration C

Question 3

An organism that can use energy and inorganic substances to produce all the organic material it requires is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  producer. 
B)  heterotroph. 
C)  heterotroph and producer. 
D)  autotroph. 
E)  autotroph and producer. 
A)  producer. 
B)  heterotroph. 
C)  heterotroph and producer. 
D)  autotroph. 
E)  autotroph and producer. E

Question 4

The total amount of energy trapped by the autotrophs of an ecosystem is called

Accepted Answer

A)  gross primary consumption. 
B)  net primary productivity. 
C)  net energy fixation. 
D)  gross primary productivity. 
E)  net primary consumption. 
A)  gross primary consumption. 
B)  net primary productivity. 
C)  net energy fixation. 
D)  gross primary productivity. 
E)  net primary consumption.

Question 5

An example of a keystone species is a root-associated fungus that conifer trees need in order to survive and that supply food for rodents.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following is not a type of symbiosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  predation 
B)  mutualism 
C)  None of the answer choices are correct. 
D)  commensalism 
E)  parasitism 
A)  predation 
B)  mutualism 
C)  None of the answer choices are correct. 
D)  commensalism 
E)  parasitism

Question 7

What was the purpose of repeatedly drying,freezing,and thawing some of the fungi?

Accepted Answer

A)  to kill the fungi 
B)  to make the fungus more susceptible to the virus 
C)  to remove the virus 
D)  to prepare the fungi to infect the panic grass 
E)  to prepare the fungi for growth at 65°C 
A)  to kill the fungi 
B)  to make the fungus more susceptible to the virus 
C)  to remove the virus 
D)  to prepare the fungi to infect the panic grass 
E)  to prepare the fungi for growth at 65°C

Question 8

A food chain is a series of organisms that

Accepted Answer

A)  shares the same niche. 
B)  exhibits mutualism with each other. 
C)  shares the same energy source. 
D)  succeeds one another as a climax community develops. 
E)  successively eats one another. 
A)  shares the same niche. 
B)  exhibits mutualism with each other. 
C)  shares the same energy source. 
D)  succeeds one another as a climax community develops. 
E)  successively eats one another.

Question 9

Parasitism is a symbiotic relationship in which neither member of the relationship benefits.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

As an overall average,about _____ of the energy at one trophic level is available to the next-highest rank in the food chain.

Accepted Answer

A)  7% 
B)  10% 
C)  4% 
D)  20% 
E)  2% 
A)  7% 
B)  10% 
C)  4% 
D)  20% 
E)  2%

Question 11

Mycorrhizal fungi obtain food from plants in exchange for water and nutrients.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  herbivory. 
B)  commensalism. 
C)  predation. 
D)  mutualism. 
E)  parasitism. 
A)  herbivory. 
B)  commensalism. 
C)  predation. 
D)  mutualism. 
E)  parasitism.

Question 12

A type of symbiosis in which one member of the relationship benefits with no effect on the other is

Accepted Answer

A)  mutualism. 
B)  commensalism. 
C)  parasitism. 
D)  intraspecific competition. 
E)  predation. 
A)  mutualism. 
B)  commensalism. 
C)  parasitism. 
D)  intraspecific competition. 
E)  predation.

Question 13

An ecosystem is defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  all of the individuals of the same species living in an area. 
B)  all of the members of all of the species living in an area. 
C)  the physical place and environmental surroundings in which individual organisms live. 
D)  the set of environmental resources that each organism requires for survival, growth, reproduction, etc. 
E)  the sum of living organisms and nonliving environmental components in an area. 
A)  all of the individuals of the same species living in an area. 
B)  all of the members of all of the species living in an area. 
C)  the physical place and environmental surroundings in which individual organisms live. 
D)  the set of environmental resources that each organism requires for survival, growth, reproduction, etc. 
E)  the sum of living organisms and nonliving environmental components in an area.

Question 14

Your biology class takes a field trip near the campus,and you walk along a trail,starting on bare rock and gravel.You learn that the entire area was stripped clear of any life by quarrying that removed meters of soil and rock nearly a century ago.At first,where you are told the most recent quarrying took place,you can see lichens and mosses growing on larger rocks.Further on,you can see grasses and weeds.Further still,where the first quarrying activities ended decades earlier,you see shrubs and trees.After all the area had been cleared,and this gradient of biota have developed,this is an example of which ecological process?

Accepted Answer

A)  magnification 
B)  completion 
C)  climax 
D)  conversion 
E)  succession 
A)  magnification 
B)  completion 
C)  climax 
D)  conversion 
E)  succession

Question 15

The _____ cycle begins with the weathering of rock.

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrogen 
B)  carbon 
C)  phosphorus 
D)  water 
E)  energy 
A)  nitrogen 
B)  carbon 
C)  phosphorus 
D)  water 
E)  energy

Question 16

Mistletoe is a plant that grows in the branches of trees.Its roots penetrate the bark of the tree,allowing it to obtain water and nutrients.The tree is harmed,and can even die as a result of this interaction.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  commensalism. 
B)  predation. 
C)  mutualism. 
D)  parasitism. 
E)  herbivory. 
A)  commensalism. 
B)  predation. 
C)  mutualism. 
D)  parasitism. 
E)  herbivory.

Question 17

The decline of the sea otter population in the Pacific Northwest has been attributed to

Accepted Answer

A)  pollution from an oil spill. 
B)  a genetic mutation causing a decrease of fertility in male otters. 
C)  predation by killer whales. 
D)  an increase in the water temperature. 
E)  predation by Steller sea lions. 
A)  pollution from an oil spill. 
B)  a genetic mutation causing a decrease of fertility in male otters. 
C)  predation by killer whales. 
D)  an increase in the water temperature. 
E)  predation by Steller sea lions.

Question 18

The physical place where members of a population typically live is termed a

Accepted Answer

A)  symbiont. 
B)  competitive zone. 
C)  habitat. 
D)  niche. 
E)  community. 
A)  symbiont. 
B)  competitive zone. 
C)  habitat. 
D)  niche. 
E)  community.

Question 19

Prior to 1972,a pesticide called DDT was used widely in the United States,but was found to pose risks to human health and wildlife.The concentration of the nonpolar pesticide DDT would have been highest in which of the following,when still in use?

Accepted Answer

A)  algae 
B)  a seagull 
C)  a minnow 
D)  plankton 
E)  a mosquito larva 
A)  algae 
B)  a seagull 
C)  a minnow 
D)  plankton 
E)  a mosquito larva

Question 20

After developing a yeast infection in the urinary tract,and taking an antibiotic,the yeast infection declines in numbers of cells while the microbes that normally are present reestablish themselves.The reason for the decline of the yeast infection is explained by

Accepted Answer

A)  the competitive exclusion principle. 
B)  predation. 
C)  the co-inclusion principle. 
D)  symbiosis. 
E)  endosymbiosis. 
A)  the competitive exclusion principle. 
B)  predation. 
C)  the co-inclusion principle. 
D)  symbiosis. 
E)  endosymbiosis.

Exam 38: Communities and Ecosystems

A type of symbiosis in which both species benefit is

In _____,bacteria return nitrogen to the atmosphere by converting nitrates to N2.

An organism that can use energy and inorganic substances to produce all the organic material it requires is a(n)

The total amount of energy trapped by the autotrophs of an ecosystem is called

An example of a keystone species is a root-associated fungus that conifer trees need in order to survive and that supply food for rodents.

Which of the following is not a type of symbiosis?

What was the purpose of repeatedly drying,freezing,and thawing some of the fungi?

A food chain is a series of organisms that

Parasitism is a symbiotic relationship in which neither member of the relationship benefits.

As an overall average,about _____ of the energy at one trophic level is available to the next-highest rank in the food chain.

Mycorrhizal fungi obtain food from plants in exchange for water and nutrients.This is an example of

A type of symbiosis in which one member of the relationship benefits with no effect on the other is

An ecosystem is defined as

The _____ cycle begins with the weathering of rock.

Mistletoe is a plant that grows in the branches of trees.Its roots penetrate the bark of the tree,allowing it to obtain water and nutrients.The tree is harmed,and can even die as a result of this interaction.This is an example of

The decline of the sea otter population in the Pacific Northwest has been attributed to

The physical place where members of a population typically live is termed a

Prior to 1972,a pesticide called DDT was used widely in the United States,but was found to pose risks to human health and wildlife.The concentration of the nonpolar pesticide DDT would have been highest in which of the following,when still in use?

After developing a yeast infection in the urinary tract,and taking an antibiotic,the yeast infection declines in numbers of cells while the microbes that normally are present reestablish themselves.The reason for the decline of the yeast infection is explained by

The Scientific Study of Life

The Chemistry of Life

Cell Structure and Function

The Energy of Life

Photosynthesis

How Cells Release Energy

DNA Structure and Gene Function

DNA Replication, mitosis, and the Cell Cycle

Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

DNA Technology

The Forces of Evolutionary Change

Evidence of Evolution

Speciation and Extinction

The Origin and History of Life

Viruses

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plants

Fungi

Animals

Plant Form and Function

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Reproduction and Development of Flowering Plants

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

The Nervous System

The Senses

The Endocrine System

The Skeletal and Muscular Systems

The Circulatory System

The Respiratory System

Digestion and Nutrition

Regulation of Temperature and Body Fluids

The Immune System

Animal Reproduction and Development

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Biomes

Preserving Biodiversity

Filters

In _____,bacteria return nitrogen to the atmosphere by converting nitrates to N₂.