Question 1

A biological species is defined as a population whose members can interbreed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

The topics of focus,within systematics,address the

Accepted Answer

A)  processes of reproductive isolation that can isolate species populations. 
B)  science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms. 
C)  biogeography and distributions of species that have diverged. 
D)  two main areas of describing and classifying organisms, and studying their evolutionary relationships. 
E)  studies of similarities and evolutionary relationships among species. 
A)  processes of reproductive isolation that can isolate species populations. 
B)  science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms. 
C)  biogeography and distributions of species that have diverged. 
D)  two main areas of describing and classifying organisms, and studying their evolutionary relationships. 
E)  studies of similarities and evolutionary relationships among species. D

Question 3

Three species of tigers have gone extinct due to overharvesting or habitat destruction.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  adaptive radiation. 
B)  sympatric speciation. 
C)  background extinction rate. 
D)  increased extinction rate by human activity. 
E)  mass extinction. 
A)  adaptive radiation. 
B)  sympatric speciation. 
C)  background extinction rate. 
D)  increased extinction rate by human activity. 
E)  mass extinction. D

Question 4

When biologists Bradshaw and Schemske studied the genetic makeup of Mimulus lewisii and Mimulus cardinalis,what hypothesis were they testing?

Accepted Answer

A)  M. lewisii and M cardinalis are different species. 
B)  Mutation in a single gene could cause a change in flower color and thus pollinator. 
C)  M. lewisii and M cardinalis are the same species. 
D)  Mutation in multiple genes over a long period of time is required to change flower color and pollinators. 
E)  Pollinators do not choose which flowers to pollinate based on color. 
A)  M. lewisii and M cardinalis are different species. 
B)  Mutation in a single gene could cause a change in flower color and thus pollinator. 
C)  M. lewisii and M cardinalis are the same species. 
D)  Mutation in multiple genes over a long period of time is required to change flower color and pollinators. 
E)  Pollinators do not choose which flowers to pollinate based on color.

Question 5

The evidence that one species of finch migrated to a Galàpagos island,and evolved into two species now found on the same island,feeding on different food sources,is an example of ____ speciation.

Accepted Answer

A)  parapatric 
B)  postzygotic 
C)  prezygotic 
D)  allopatric 
E)  sympatric 
A)  parapatric 
B)  postzygotic 
C)  prezygotic 
D)  allopatric 
E)  sympatric

Question 6

The Caribbean islands are home to more than 150 species of anole lizards.How might so many species have evolved from a single common ancestor?

Accepted Answer

A)  They adapted to fill unoccupied niches. 
B)  The ancestor had a prezygotic barrier to reproduction. 
C)  Mutation is more common on islands. 
D)  The species on an island went through allopatric speciation. 
E)  Lizards evolve more rapidly than other species. 
A)  They adapted to fill unoccupied niches. 
B)  The ancestor had a prezygotic barrier to reproduction. 
C)  Mutation is more common on islands. 
D)  The species on an island went through allopatric speciation. 
E)  Lizards evolve more rapidly than other species.

Question 7

A flowering vine plant,Gelsemium spp.,includes two separate species that formerly occupied a large,common habitat area,and currently occupy overlapping areas in the southeastern United States.Gelsemium sempervirens and Gelsemium rankinii have reproductive isolation,which has allowed them to exist as separate species due to

Accepted Answer

A)  allopatric speciation. 
B)  sympatric speciation. 
C)  prezygotic speciation. 
D)  postzygotic speciation. 
E)  parapatric speciation. 
A)  allopatric speciation. 
B)  sympatric speciation. 
C)  prezygotic speciation. 
D)  postzygotic speciation. 
E)  parapatric speciation.

Question 8

If a sheep and goat are mated,their offspring dies as an embryo.This is an example of ____ reproductive isolation.

Accepted Answer

A)  sympatric 
B)  parapatric 
C)  prezygotic 
D)  postzygotic 
E)  allopatric 
A)  sympatric 
B)  parapatric 
C)  prezygotic 
D)  postzygotic 
E)  allopatric

Question 9

Identify the rule (rules)that was (were)correctly applied in producing this cladogram

Accepted Answer

A)  Species (groups) pairs that shared most derived characters were shown to branch from a common ancestors at nodes. 
B)  Derived characters, proposed to have developed after common ancestry, were tallied for each species (group). 
C)  Nodes and branches interpreted as more recently derived from common ancestors were shown further from the root. 
D)  All of these rules were correctly used. 
E)  Coelophysis (at top) was selected as an outgroup representative, sharing all features assumed to be ancestral. 
A)  Species (groups) pairs that shared most derived characters were shown to branch from a common ancestors at nodes. 
B)  Derived characters, proposed to have developed after common ancestry, were tallied for each species (group). 
C)  Nodes and branches interpreted as more recently derived from common ancestors were shown further from the root. 
D)  All of these rules were correctly used. 
E)  Coelophysis (at top) was selected as an outgroup representative, sharing all features assumed to be ancestral.

Question 10

Some flowers bloom in the spring,while others bloom in the summer.This is an example of ____ reproductive isolation.

Accepted Answer

A)  allopatric 
B)  prezygotic 
C)  sympatric 
D)  parapatric 
E)  postzygotic 
A)  allopatric 
B)  prezygotic 
C)  sympatric 
D)  parapatric 
E)  postzygotic

Question 11

A vine plant in Georgia,U.S.A,is known as Gelsemium spp.,and has been used as an herbal medicine.Only three species are known.Two of them,in Georgia,are found in the same overlapping areas of habitat.Two species of Gelsemium have similar insect pollinators,but pollination occurs for Gelsemium sempervirens from mid January to late March,and for Gelsemium rankinii from late March to mid April.This represents

Accepted Answer

A)  ecological isolation. 
B)  mechanical isolation. 
C)  temporal isolation. 
D)  a process analagous to behavioral isolation in animals. 
E)  gametic isolation. 
A)  ecological isolation. 
B)  mechanical isolation. 
C)  temporal isolation. 
D)  a process analagous to behavioral isolation in animals. 
E)  gametic isolation.

Question 12

Key reproductive isolating mechanisms are distinguished in that

Accepted Answer

A)  sexual isolation happens as a result of mating selection, and postzygotic isolation happens when offspring cannot interbreed. 
B)  speciation isolates two or more species in the same area, while extinction isolates species that leave the area. 
C)  geographic isolation prevents two species from breeding, while prezygotic isolation is from biological differences in the species. 
D)  prezygotic isolation acts upon parents of two species, and postzygotic isolation acts on the offspring from two species. 
E)  postzygotic isolation acts upon parents of two species, and prezygotic isolation acts on the offspring from two species. 
A)  sexual isolation happens as a result of mating selection, and postzygotic isolation happens when offspring cannot interbreed. 
B)  speciation isolates two or more species in the same area, while extinction isolates species that leave the area. 
C)  geographic isolation prevents two species from breeding, while prezygotic isolation is from biological differences in the species. 
D)  prezygotic isolation acts upon parents of two species, and postzygotic isolation acts on the offspring from two species. 
E)  postzygotic isolation acts upon parents of two species, and prezygotic isolation acts on the offspring from two species.

Question 13

It is believed that the two main reasons for mass extinctions in Earth's history have been

Accepted Answer

A)  global warming and human intervention. 
B)  impact of Earth's with a large, celestial body and human intervention. 
C)  human intervention and shifting of Earth's continents. 
D)  impact of Earth with a large, celestial body and shifting of Earth's continents. 
E)  global warming and shifting of Earth's continents. 
A)  global warming and human intervention. 
B)  impact of Earth's with a large, celestial body and human intervention. 
C)  human intervention and shifting of Earth's continents. 
D)  impact of Earth with a large, celestial body and shifting of Earth's continents. 
E)  global warming and shifting of Earth's continents.

Question 14

A sterile mule is produced by mating a horse and a donkey.This is an example of ____ reproductive isolation.

Accepted Answer

A)  parapatric 
B)  allopatric 
C)  sympatric 
D)  prezygotic 
E)  postzygotic 
A)  parapatric 
B)  allopatric 
C)  sympatric 
D)  prezygotic 
E)  postzygotic

Question 15

Tortoises colonizing the different Galàpagos islands and evolving into different species is an example of ____ speciation.

Accepted Answer

A)  prezygotic 
B)  postzygotic 
C)  parapatric 
D)  allopatric 
E)  sympatric 
A)  prezygotic 
B)  postzygotic 
C)  parapatric 
D)  allopatric 
E)  sympatric

Question 16

The type of reproductive isolation in which the two populations are separated due to their habitat is

Accepted Answer

A)  ecological isolation. 
B)  behavioral isolation. 
C)  mechanical isolation. 
D)  temporal isolation. 
E)  hybrid inviability. 
A)  ecological isolation. 
B)  behavioral isolation. 
C)  mechanical isolation. 
D)  temporal isolation. 
E)  hybrid inviability.

Question 17

"Missing" transitional forms may not be present in the fossil record because of poor preservation of biological material and simply because scientists have not discovered all there is to discover.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Bumblebees pollinate M.lewisii,whereas hummingbirds prefer the M.cardinalis.If,by chance,a hummingbird carries M.cardinalis pollen to M.lewisii,the resulting hybrid offspring are viable.M.lewisii and M.cardinalis are different species due to

Accepted Answer

A)  adaptive radiation. 
B)  gradualism. 
C)  postzygotic barriers to reproduction. 
D)  prezygotic barriers to reproduction. 
E)  independent assortment. 
A)  adaptive radiation. 
B)  gradualism. 
C)  postzygotic barriers to reproduction. 
D)  prezygotic barriers to reproduction. 
E)  independent assortment.

Question 19

A cladogram depicts species' relationships based on descent from shared ancestors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The type of reproductive isolation in which two populations are separated due to the sperm cells of one not being able to fertilize the egg cells of the other is

Accepted Answer

A)  gametic isolation. 
B)  ecological isolation. 
C)  temporal isolation. 
D)  hybrid infertility. 
E)  hybrid inviability. 
A)  gametic isolation. 
B)  ecological isolation. 
C)  temporal isolation. 
D)  hybrid infertility. 
E)  hybrid inviability.

Exam 14: Speciation and Extinction

A biological species is defined as a population whose members can interbreed.

The topics of focus,within systematics,address the

Three species of tigers have gone extinct due to overharvesting or habitat destruction.This is an example of

When biologists Bradshaw and Schemske studied the genetic makeup of Mimulus lewisii and Mimulus cardinalis,what hypothesis were they testing?

The evidence that one species of finch migrated to a Galàpagos island,and evolved into two species now found on the same island,feeding on different food sources,is an example of ____ speciation.

The Caribbean islands are home to more than 150 species of anole lizards.How might so many species have evolved from a single common ancestor?

If a sheep and goat are mated,their offspring dies as an embryo.This is an example of ____ reproductive isolation.

Identify the rule (rules)that was (were)correctly applied in producing this cladogram

Some flowers bloom in the spring,while others bloom in the summer.This is an example of ____ reproductive isolation.

Key reproductive isolating mechanisms are distinguished in that

It is believed that the two main reasons for mass extinctions in Earth's history have been

A sterile mule is produced by mating a horse and a donkey.This is an example of ____ reproductive isolation.

Tortoises colonizing the different Galàpagos islands and evolving into different species is an example of ____ speciation.

The type of reproductive isolation in which the two populations are separated due to their habitat is

"Missing" transitional forms may not be present in the fossil record because of poor preservation of biological material and simply because scientists have not discovered all there is to discover.

Bumblebees pollinate M.lewisii,whereas hummingbirds prefer the M.cardinalis.If,by chance,a hummingbird carries M.cardinalis pollen to M.lewisii,the resulting hybrid offspring are viable.M.lewisii and M.cardinalis are different species due to

A cladogram depicts species' relationships based on descent from shared ancestors.

The type of reproductive isolation in which two populations are separated due to the sperm cells of one not being able to fertilize the egg cells of the other is

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