Exam 2: The Chemistry of Life

Figuer: Examine these two sugars, as shown prior to the chemical reaction that would bond them. -The diagram shows glucose and fructose before the chemical reaction called ______ builds a larger polymer from the two monomers.

The primary building block (monomer)of nucleic acids is

In the example of ionic bond formation between sodium and chlorine,as shown,which of the following is not a true statement?

Cohesion is a property of water in which water molecules tend to stick together.

The primary building block (monomer)of proteins is

Many diseases,cancers and even normal human variations can be caused by mutations and variations in the DNA nucleotide sequence.The most likely immediate result of DNA having a different nucleotide sequence is that

Which is not a lipid?

The three major components in a nucleotide are

Many traits of organisms, such as body form and color, are controlled by specific proteins, in turn controlled by the DNA genetic sequence of nucleotides. The genetic control of color, as in aphids, does not usually shift during the life of an organism. Researchers found that some specific aphid populations shift from an original red coloration to a green coloration. Genetics could be a factor, if some programmed shift could be identified. Environmental conditions of the living and nonliving habitat could be a factor. Either way, the chemistry and observed changes of pigment molecules in the aphids can be studied with the scientific method. -The initial experiment of Koga and Fugatsu,in testing for any bacterial cause of aphid color change,involved all of these except

In the 1700s,a French scientist,Antoine Lavoisier gained new experimental information about how chemistry works.He isolated chemicals that were reacting,including a metal and an acid.His observation of the results seemed to show that much of the metal had been lost in the chemical reaction.Yet,upon weighing the system,the total amounts of materials had not changed during the reaction.His resulting law of Conservation of Mass also applies to biology,because the materials we are made of are _________ that change forms,but aren't truly lost as we conduct life chemical reactions.

An ion is an atom that has

Many traits of organisms, such as body form and color, are controlled by specific proteins, in turn controlled by the DNA genetic sequence of nucleotides. The genetic control of color, as in aphids, does not usually shift during the life of an organism. Researchers found that some specific aphid populations shift from an original red coloration to a green coloration. Genetics could be a factor, if some programmed shift could be identified. Environmental conditions of the living and nonliving habitat could be a factor. Either way, the chemistry and observed changes of pigment molecules in the aphids can be studied with the scientific method. -The observations and research on aphid color changes can most directly be summarized in that

Sugars (CH₂O)_n dissolve well in water because sugars form ____ bonds with water.

Our general economic source of unsaturated fatty acids is from plants,and composed of at least one pair of double-bonded carbons.

Figuer: Refer to this diagram with common examples of substances and their pH. -Our normal blood pH should be in a fairly narrow range.Imagine you sit down to eat a large meal with cola,tomato-based sauce,and a salad with many citrus fruit slices.Identify the one statement that does not apply as one of the likely outcomes of your meal.

Within a single molecule of water,as shown,____ bonds are formed between oxygen and hydrogen.

Saturated fats have long straight tails of fatty acids,and can pack or clump tightly together in cells and animal bodies.Unsaturated fats have kinks in their tails due to double bonds,which prevents them from packing together as tightly.Animals that are ectothermic (their body temperature fluctuates with the environment)need to keep their membranes fluid at cooler temperature and thus use ______ in their membranes.

Figuer: Examine this image of the glucose molecule. -In our diets,this molecule is often covalently bonded with others in the polymer form of

You can painlessly wade into a pool,but doing a belly flop off of the high diving board hurts because of

In a chemical equation,which components of a chemical reaction is not noted in symbols and abbreviations?