Question 1

The statement that does not correctly associate an RNA type,and its function,is

Accepted Answer

A)  complementary RNA reorders the amino acids to insure their correct sequence. 
B)  messenger RNA is the gene, carrying coding to control the building of proteins. 
C)  transfer RNA functions to carry amino acids to the ribosome. 
D)  ribosomal RNA functions as a catalyst to bind amino acids into proteins. 
A)  complementary RNA reorders the amino acids to insure their correct sequence. 
B)  messenger RNA is the gene, carrying coding to control the building of proteins. 
C)  transfer RNA functions to carry amino acids to the ribosome. 
D)  ribosomal RNA functions as a catalyst to bind amino acids into proteins. A

Question 2

In eukaryotes an mRNA molecule can only be translated by one ribosome at a time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

What would be the first codon translated in the mRNA sequence 5'-GGAAUGAAACAGGAACCC-3'?

Accepted Answer

A)  AAU 
B)  GAA 
C)  AUG 
D)  GGA 
E)  CCC 
A)  AAU 
B)  GAA 
C)  AUG 
D)  GGA 
E)  CCC C

Question 4

If E. coli bacteria are grown in the absence of lactose, then the repressor will

Accepted Answer

A)  not bind the operator allowing transcription of the lac operon genes. 
B)  bind the operator allowing transcription of the lac operon genes. 
C)  not bind the operator preventing transcription of the lac operon genes. 
D)  bind the operator preventing transcription of the lac operon genes. 
E)  coli bacteria are grown in the absence of lactose, then the repressor will 
A)  not bind the operator allowing transcription of the lac operon genes. 
B)  bind the operator allowing transcription of the lac operon genes. 
C)  not bind the operator preventing transcription of the lac operon genes. 
D)  bind the operator preventing transcription of the lac operon genes. 
E)  coli bacteria are grown in the absence of lactose, then the repressor will

Question 5

The 5' and 3' designations used in reference to DNA and RNA sequences are assigned to the

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen atoms that form hydrogen bonds between the nucleotides. 
B)  nitrogen atoms in the nitrogen bases. 
C)  carbon atoms in the nitrogen base purines and pyrimidines. 
D)  oxygen atoms contained in the deoxyribose and ribose. 
E)  carbon atoms of deoxyribose and ribose. 
A)  hydrogen atoms that form hydrogen bonds between the nucleotides. 
B)  nitrogen atoms in the nitrogen bases. 
C)  carbon atoms in the nitrogen base purines and pyrimidines. 
D)  oxygen atoms contained in the deoxyribose and ribose. 
E)  carbon atoms of deoxyribose and ribose.

Question 6

The Human Genome Project is a multinational project that reported complete identification of more than 20,000 genes in human DNA. Growing understanding has associated "normal" and naturally variable versions of the genes, producing specific proteins for human health and cell functions. Numerous mutated versions of the genes have been associated with particular human health problems and disease, due to the types of cells where mutations occur, the specific genes affected, and the type and extent of mutation. In these cases, the structure and function of proteins is ultimately impacted. Examine these examples to apply your knowledge of mutations to the descriptions provided.
-Keratins are structural proteins in skin,hair,and fingernails.One gene,called KRT10,is located on the 17th paired chromosome in humans.It produces a keratin that strengthens skin cells.Researchers have identified several mutations that can lead to rough,damaged,blistering skin because the keratins are not as strong as normal.Each mutation changes a specific amino acid at a particular location in the protein,and so is an example of a(n)______ mutation.

Accepted Answer

A)  duplication 
B)  nonsense 
C)  missense 
D)  insertion 
E)  frameshift 
A)  duplication 
B)  nonsense 
C)  missense 
D)  insertion 
E)  frameshift

Question 7

DNA genetic coding and cell regulation is now understood to be incredibly important to every cell among organisms, and is also associated with viruses. Through the early and mid 1900s, scientists developed new molecular analysis methods that changed the foundations of how we understand "life" to function.  Normal health and homeostasis, as well as disease, and natural variations in form and function among organisms are now better understood.  Medical and biological applications have increased dramatically with the understanding of DNA molecule structure, and it is helpful to have recognition of the scientists and sequence of events contributing to our understanding.
-The scientist (scientists)who used enzyme-digesting proteins to show that protein was not the genetic information transferred by bacteria is (are)

Accepted Answer

A)  Hershey and Chase. 
B)  Griffith. 
C)  Watson and Crick. 
D)  Avery and Macleod. 
E)  Wilkins and Franklin. 
A)  Hershey and Chase. 
B)  Griffith. 
C)  Watson and Crick. 
D)  Avery and Macleod. 
E)  Wilkins and Franklin.

Question 8

DNA genetic coding and cell regulation is now understood to be incredibly important to every cell among organisms, and is also associated with viruses. Through the early and mid 1900s, scientists developed new molecular analysis methods that changed the foundations of how we understand "life" to function.  Normal health and homeostasis, as well as disease, and natural variations in form and function among organisms are now better understood.  Medical and biological applications have increased dramatically with the understanding of DNA molecule structure, and it is helpful to have recognition of the scientists and sequence of events contributing to our understanding.
-Most bacteriophages consist of only a _______________ coat and a ____________________ core.

Accepted Answer

A)  protein; nucleic acid 
B)  polysaccharide; protein 
C)  protein; lipid 
D)  polysaccharide; nucleic acid 
E)  lipid; protein 
A)  protein; nucleic acid 
B)  polysaccharide; protein 
C)  protein; lipid 
D)  polysaccharide; nucleic acid 
E)  lipid; protein

Question 9

A poly A tail helps attach the ribosome to the mRNA molecule and may also determine how long the mRNA is retained within the cell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

If you compared the DNA sequence of a gene with the sequence of the mature mRNA that was transcribed from the gene you would find

Accepted Answer

A)  the mRNA is shorter because each codon of three bases encodes only one amino acid. 
B)  the mRNA is shorter because it does not contain introns. 
C)  the mRNA is longer because each codon of one amino acid encodes three bases. 
D)  both are the same length. 
E)  the mRNA is shorter because it does not contain exons. 
A)  the mRNA is shorter because each codon of three bases encodes only one amino acid. 
B)  the mRNA is shorter because it does not contain introns. 
C)  the mRNA is longer because each codon of one amino acid encodes three bases. 
D)  both are the same length. 
E)  the mRNA is shorter because it does not contain exons.

Question 11

In humans,typically only infants produce the enzyme lactase to break down lactose.Some adults have changes in _____ that allow transcription factors to bind and turn on expression of the lactase gene into adulthood.

Accepted Answer

A)  enhancers 
B)  mRNA 
C)  codons 
D)  exons 
E)  RNA polymerase 
A)  enhancers 
B)  mRNA 
C)  codons 
D)  exons 
E)  RNA polymerase

Question 12

If bacteria are infected with bacteriophage containing radioactive ____ the bacteria will now be radioactive.

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphate 
B)  iron 
C)  phosphate or sulfur 
D)  sulfur 
E)  iron or sulfur 
A)  phosphate 
B)  iron 
C)  phosphate or sulfur 
D)  sulfur 
E)  iron or sulfur

Question 13

The step of translation in which release factors bind to a stop codon is

Accepted Answer

A)  transcription. 
B)  mitosis. 
C)  elongation. 
D)  termination. 
E)  initiation. 
A)  transcription. 
B)  mitosis. 
C)  elongation. 
D)  termination. 
E)  initiation.

Question 14

Amanatin,a toxin from the death cap poisonous mushroom,inhibits RNA polymerase,so it

Accepted Answer

A)  prevents the initiator tRNA from beginning translation. 
B)  incorrectly places the release factor protein on mRNA and terminates translation. 
C)  stops initiation, elongation, and termination stages of transcription. 
D)  reverses the direction of RNA polymerase action, tearing apart partially formed proteins. 
E)  disables any introns from being produced, to complete the protein structures. 
A)  prevents the initiator tRNA from beginning translation. 
B)  incorrectly places the release factor protein on mRNA and terminates translation. 
C)  stops initiation, elongation, and termination stages of transcription. 
D)  reverses the direction of RNA polymerase action, tearing apart partially formed proteins. 
E)  disables any introns from being produced, to complete the protein structures.

Question 15

A DNA sequence that signals a gene's start is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  promoter. 
B)  amino acid attachment site. 
C)  anticodon. 
D)  terminator. 
E)  codon. 
A)  promoter. 
B)  amino acid attachment site. 
C)  anticodon. 
D)  terminator. 
E)  codon.

Question 16

TheFOXP2 sequences of mice were most different from those of

Accepted Answer

A)  humans. 
B)  All had the same number of changes from the mouse sequence. 
C)  chimpanzees. 
D)  gorillas. 
E)  rhesus monkeys. 
A)  humans. 
B)  All had the same number of changes from the mouse sequence. 
C)  chimpanzees. 
D)  gorillas. 
E)  rhesus monkeys.

Question 17

A visiting scientist is introduced to you,and has a current project studying initiation,elongation,and termination.As a result,you know she is studying

Accepted Answer

A)  either transcription or translation. 
B)  replication and translation. 
C)  transcription. 
D)  translation. 
E)  replication. 
A)  either transcription or translation. 
B)  replication and translation. 
C)  transcription. 
D)  translation. 
E)  replication.

Question 18

A diploid cell only has two copies of most genes,but can make hundreds of copies of a protein from those genes per second because

Accepted Answer

A)  the DNA can replicate during transcription, producing double-sided mRNA to accelerate the translation process. 
B)  multiple ribosomes can actively attach to the template DNA and conduct translation immediately after transcription. 
C)  multiple codons can encode for the same amino acid, allowing different versions of the protein to be made. 
D)  while transcription can repeat and make multiple mRNA copies of genes, and multiple ribosomes can translate the same mRNA. 
E)  multiple copies of the same mRNA can be produced with multiple promoter sequences to simultaneously initiate multiple ribosomes. 
A)  the DNA can replicate during transcription, producing double-sided mRNA to accelerate the translation process. 
B)  multiple ribosomes can actively attach to the template DNA and conduct translation immediately after transcription. 
C)  multiple codons can encode for the same amino acid, allowing different versions of the protein to be made. 
D)  while transcription can repeat and make multiple mRNA copies of genes, and multiple ribosomes can translate the same mRNA. 
E)  multiple copies of the same mRNA can be produced with multiple promoter sequences to simultaneously initiate multiple ribosomes.

Question 19

There are only two main types of RNA needed to make proteins.They are tRNA and rRNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Based on this study,FOXP2 must be expressed in which tissues?

Accepted Answer

A)  muscle 
B)  muscle and nerves in the ear 
C)  brain 
D)  muscle and brain 
E)  nerves in the ear 
A)  muscle 
B)  muscle and nerves in the ear 
C)  brain 
D)  muscle and brain 
E)  nerves in the ear

Exam 7: DNA Structure and Gene Function

The statement that does not correctly associate an RNA type,and its function,is

In eukaryotes an mRNA molecule can only be translated by one ribosome at a time.

What would be the first codon translated in the mRNA sequence 5'-GGAAUGAAACAGGAACCC-3'?

If E. coli bacteria are grown in the absence of lactose, then the repressor will

The 5' and 3' designations used in reference to DNA and RNA sequences are assigned to the

A poly A tail helps attach the ribosome to the mRNA molecule and may also determine how long the mRNA is retained within the cell.

If you compared the DNA sequence of a gene with the sequence of the mature mRNA that was transcribed from the gene you would find

In humans,typically only infants produce the enzyme lactase to break down lactose.Some adults have changes in _____ that allow transcription factors to bind and turn on expression of the lactase gene into adulthood.

If bacteria are infected with bacteriophage containing radioactive ____ the bacteria will now be radioactive.

The step of translation in which release factors bind to a stop codon is

Amanatin,a toxin from the death cap poisonous mushroom,inhibits RNA polymerase,so it

A DNA sequence that signals a gene's start is a(n)

TheFOXP2 sequences of mice were most different from those of

A visiting scientist is introduced to you,and has a current project studying initiation,elongation,and termination.As a result,you know she is studying

A diploid cell only has two copies of most genes,but can make hundreds of copies of a protein from those genes per second because

There are only two main types of RNA needed to make proteins.They are tRNA and rRNA.

Based on this study,FOXP2 must be expressed in which tissues?

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