Question 1

The structure that assembles proteins in the prokaryote is the

Accepted Answer

A)  plasmid. 
B)  ribosome. 
C)  cell membrane. 
D)  endospore. 
E)  lysosome. 
A)  plasmid. 
B)  ribosome. 
C)  cell membrane. 
D)  endospore. 
E)  lysosome. B

Question 2

A type of horizontal gene transfer in prokaryotes,in which a cell receives bacterial DNA from a bacteriophage,is

Accepted Answer

A)  transduction. 
B)  transformation. 
C)  replication. 
D)  conjugation. 
E)  fixation. 
A)  transduction. 
B)  transformation. 
C)  replication. 
D)  conjugation. 
E)  fixation. A

Question 3

A type of horizontal gene transfer in prokaryotes,in which a cell receives DNA from another cell through a sex pilus,is

Accepted Answer

A)  transformation. 
B)  fixation. 
C)  replication. 
D)  conjugation. 
E)  transduction. 
A)  transformation. 
B)  fixation. 
C)  replication. 
D)  conjugation. 
E)  transduction. D

Question 4

A type of horizontal gene transfer in prokaryotes,in which a cell takes up naked DNA without cell to cell contact,is

Accepted Answer

A)  transformation. 
B)  transduction. 
C)  replication. 
D)  conjugation. 
E)  both transformation and transduction. 
A)  transformation. 
B)  transduction. 
C)  replication. 
D)  conjugation. 
E)  both transformation and transduction.

Question 5

The rigid barrier that surrounds most prokaryotes is the

Accepted Answer

A)  cell membrane. 
B)  flagellum. 
C)  cytoplasm. 
D)  cell wall. 
E)  glycocalyx. 
A)  cell membrane. 
B)  flagellum. 
C)  cytoplasm. 
D)  cell wall. 
E)  glycocalyx.

Question 6

The value of the dormant,thick-walled cell structures called endospores to species of at least two genera of bacteria is that they

Accepted Answer

A)  enable the rotational whiplike action to propel the cell through its environment. 
B)  are the sites of DNA for specific cell functions or transfers among cells. 
C)  work to produce proteins from the genes of the bacterial DNA. 
D)  allow for either attachment to surfaces, or transfer DNA to other cells. 
E)  allow the organism to become dormant and survive harsh conditions for some period of time. 
A)  enable the rotational whiplike action to propel the cell through its environment. 
B)  are the sites of DNA for specific cell functions or transfers among cells. 
C)  work to produce proteins from the genes of the bacterial DNA. 
D)  allow for either attachment to surfaces, or transfer DNA to other cells. 
E)  allow the organism to become dormant and survive harsh conditions for some period of time.

Question 7

Figuer:   
-Based on this figure,which of the following best explains why toxic shock syndrome peaked in the early 1980s?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some strains of S. aureus developed resistance to methicillin. 
B)  The drug methicillin was invented in the 1980s. 
C)  Some strains of S. aureus were able to adapt to the new environment produced by ultra-high-absorbency tampons. 
D)  A single strain of S. aureus was responsible for the toxic shock syndrome, and women could not develop immunity to this strain. 
A)  Some strains of S. aureus developed resistance to methicillin. 
B)  The drug methicillin was invented in the 1980s. 
C)  Some strains of S. aureus were able to adapt to the new environment produced by ultra-high-absorbency tampons. 
D)  A single strain of S. aureus was responsible for the toxic shock syndrome, and women could not develop immunity to this strain.

Question 8

Autotrophs must acquire carbon from organic molecules produced from other organisms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Escherichia coli and Salmonella can live in our intestines in the presence or absence of oxygen.They are considered which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  facultative anaerobes 
B)  autotrophs 
C)  aerobic 
D)  obligate anaerobes 
E)  phototrophs 
A)  facultative anaerobes 
B)  autotrophs 
C)  aerobic 
D)  obligate anaerobes 
E)  phototrophs

Question 10

You have the opportunity to stain a sample of prokaryote cells to verify the chemical composition of their cell walls.The primary component you should stain for in the cell walls of bacteria,even if gram-negative or gram-positive categories,is

Accepted Answer

A)  chitin. 
B)  cellulose. 
C)  a complex lipid. 
D)  peptidoglycan. 
E)  glucose. 
A)  chitin. 
B)  cellulose. 
C)  a complex lipid. 
D)  peptidoglycan. 
E)  glucose.

Question 11

Figuer:  
-Based on the figure,which of the following is the most likely explanation for the observed pattern of MRSA strains?

Accepted Answer

A)  The distribution of methicillin resistance is random, and is not likely caused by a single mutation. 
B)  Toxic shock syndrome is caused by methicillin resistance. 
C)  The methicillin resistance mutation has evolved many times through processes like conjugation. 
D)  Methicillin resistance is a recessive mutation, and only appears when two carrier bacteria mate. 
E)  The methicillin resistance mutation arose once and was passed through processes like binary fission. 
A)  The distribution of methicillin resistance is random, and is not likely caused by a single mutation. 
B)  Toxic shock syndrome is caused by methicillin resistance. 
C)  The methicillin resistance mutation has evolved many times through processes like conjugation. 
D)  Methicillin resistance is a recessive mutation, and only appears when two carrier bacteria mate. 
E)  The methicillin resistance mutation arose once and was passed through processes like binary fission.

Question 12

Pili are bacterial structures used primarily for motility.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Clostridium tetani,the bacterium that causes tetanus,can survive in soil for up to 40 years.Their longevity suggests that Clostridium tetani bacteria are capable of forming which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  a cell wall 
B)  a pilus 
C)  a cell membrane 
D)  a glycocalyx 
E)  an endospore 
A)  a cell wall 
B)  a pilus 
C)  a cell membrane 
D)  a glycocalyx 
E)  an endospore

Question 14

DNA that is separate and apart from the chromosome DNA in a prokaryote is the

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleus, providing a site for DNA regulation of cell functions. 
B)  nucleoid, often containing a chromosome and regulatory proteins. 
C)  ribosome, used to make proteins. 
D)  plasmid, coding for specific proteins used by the cell, or transferred to other cells. 
E)  endospore, allowing domant survival through long time periods. 
A)  nucleus, providing a site for DNA regulation of cell functions. 
B)  nucleoid, often containing a chromosome and regulatory proteins. 
C)  ribosome, used to make proteins. 
D)  plasmid, coding for specific proteins used by the cell, or transferred to other cells. 
E)  endospore, allowing domant survival through long time periods.

Question 15

Figuer:   
-According to these data,tracking toxic shock syndrome

Accepted Answer

A)  All of these answer choices are correct. 
B)  the shape of the data curves indicate that the S. aureus infecting menstrual women had to be a different strain from that infecting nonmenstrual women. 
C)  the instances of nonmenstrual toxic shock syndrome spiked dramatically after S.aureus bacteria were removed from high-absorbency tampons. 
D)  cases of toxic shock syndrome in menstrual and nonmenstrual women were almost equal by the mid-1990s. 
E)  lowered tampon absorbency and FDA labeling led to the highest numbers of cases of toxic shock syndrome. 
A)  All of these answer choices are correct. 
B)  the shape of the data curves indicate that the S. aureus infecting menstrual women had to be a different strain from that infecting nonmenstrual women. 
C)  the instances of nonmenstrual toxic shock syndrome spiked dramatically after S.aureus bacteria were removed from high-absorbency tampons. 
D)  cases of toxic shock syndrome in menstrual and nonmenstrual women were almost equal by the mid-1990s. 
E)  lowered tampon absorbency and FDA labeling led to the highest numbers of cases of toxic shock syndrome.

Question 16

An organism to which oxygen is toxic is an obligate anaerobe.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Methicillin is a medicine that inhibits cell wall production.Why does this make it a suitable antibiotic for eliminating bacterial infections in humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  Human cells and bacterial cells are completely different, so methicillin does not affect human cells. 
B)  The cell wall of human cells is not sensitive to methicillin. 
C)  All humans have a gene giving methicillin resistance. 
D)  Human cells do not have cell walls. 
E)  Human cells have a plasma membrane in addition to the cell wall that allows them to survive in the presence of methicillin. 
A)  Human cells and bacterial cells are completely different, so methicillin does not affect human cells. 
B)  The cell wall of human cells is not sensitive to methicillin. 
C)  All humans have a gene giving methicillin resistance. 
D)  Human cells do not have cell walls. 
E)  Human cells have a plasma membrane in addition to the cell wall that allows them to survive in the presence of methicillin.

Question 18

Vibrio cholera is the cause of cholera,and has a single flagellum stretching off from one end,looking very much like a tail.A characteristic of this organism should be an ability to

Accepted Answer

A)  induce a large antibody response. 
B)  move within its liquid habitat medium. 
C)  avoid ingestion by cells in the immune system. 
D)  transmit DNA to other bacteria. 
E)  attach to cells in the host organisms intestines. 
A)  induce a large antibody response. 
B)  move within its liquid habitat medium. 
C)  avoid ingestion by cells in the immune system. 
D)  transmit DNA to other bacteria. 
E)  attach to cells in the host organisms intestines.

Question 19

Antibiotics usually are not dangerous to use in treating bacterial infections because most antibiotics exploit structures and functions in bacteria that are not present in host cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

A microbiologist Gram stains a bacterium and finds the bacterium to be pink to red in color,this identifies the

Accepted Answer

A)  species of bacterium. 
B)  bacterium as a bacterium that causes human disease. 
C)  bacterium as gram-negative. 
D)  bacterium as gram-positive. 
A)  species of bacterium. 
B)  bacterium as a bacterium that causes human disease. 
C)  bacterium as gram-negative. 
D)  bacterium as gram-positive.

Exam 17: Bacteria and Archaea

The structure that assembles proteins in the prokaryote is the

A type of horizontal gene transfer in prokaryotes,in which a cell receives bacterial DNA from a bacteriophage,is

A type of horizontal gene transfer in prokaryotes,in which a cell receives DNA from another cell through a sex pilus,is

A type of horizontal gene transfer in prokaryotes,in which a cell takes up naked DNA without cell to cell contact,is

The rigid barrier that surrounds most prokaryotes is the

The value of the dormant,thick-walled cell structures called endospores to species of at least two genera of bacteria is that they

Figuer: -Based on this figure,which of the following best explains why toxic shock syndrome peaked in the early 1980s?

Autotrophs must acquire carbon from organic molecules produced from other organisms.

Escherichia coli and Salmonella can live in our intestines in the presence or absence of oxygen.They are considered which of the following?

You have the opportunity to stain a sample of prokaryote cells to verify the chemical composition of their cell walls.The primary component you should stain for in the cell walls of bacteria,even if gram-negative or gram-positive categories,is

Figuer: -Based on the figure,which of the following is the most likely explanation for the observed pattern of MRSA strains?

Pili are bacterial structures used primarily for motility.

Clostridium tetani,the bacterium that causes tetanus,can survive in soil for up to 40 years.Their longevity suggests that Clostridium tetani bacteria are capable of forming which of the following structures?

DNA that is separate and apart from the chromosome DNA in a prokaryote is the

Figuer: -According to these data,tracking toxic shock syndrome

An organism to which oxygen is toxic is an obligate anaerobe.

Methicillin is a medicine that inhibits cell wall production.Why does this make it a suitable antibiotic for eliminating bacterial infections in humans?

Vibrio cholera is the cause of cholera,and has a single flagellum stretching off from one end,looking very much like a tail.A characteristic of this organism should be an ability to

Antibiotics usually are not dangerous to use in treating bacterial infections because most antibiotics exploit structures and functions in bacteria that are not present in host cells.

A microbiologist Gram stains a bacterium and finds the bacterium to be pink to red in color,this identifies the

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