Exam 17: Lipid Metabolism I: Fatty Acids, Triacylglycerols, and Lipoproteins

Low levels of oxaloacetate with high levels of $\beta$ -oxidation cause the production of what metabolites, particularly within the liver?

Which of the following lipoproteins distributes dietary lipids?

Which of the following enzymes of fatty acid synthesis is most analogous to thiolase when considering that fatty acid synthesis is analogous to a reversal of $\beta$ -oxidation?

Which of the following lists the enzymes (in order)required to transport a molecule of acetyl-CoA from the mitochondrion to the cytosol while returning the "acetyl-CoA acceptor" back to the mitochondrion?

Which of the following roles does the liver play in lipoprotein metabolism?

For each acetyl-CoA that is incorporated into a growing fatty acid, what energy inputs are required, assuming that the growing fatty acid already contains at least 4 carbons?

The futile cycle of triacylglycerol synthesis and triacylglycerol hydrolysis is controlled largely by AMP-activated protein kinase. Which of the following enzymes is regulated by AMP-activated protein kinase?

The primary activation of triacylglycerol mobilization in adipocytes is through __________ of the enzyme ____________.

Which of the following coenzymes is required by acetyl-CoA carboxylase?

The enzymes that are responsible for the hydrolysis of triacylglycerols in adipocytes are _________ esterases.

Which of the following is the major regulation point for transport of fatty acids into the mitochondria?

In the mitochondrion, as a ______________ moves from the intermembrane space to the matrix, ___________ is transported in the opposite direction.

Which of the following is the most important regulatory enzyme in fatty acid synthesis?

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of events in a cycle of $\beta$ -oxidation beginning with a saturated fatty acyl-CoA?

What enzyme activities are found in the mitochondrial trifunctional protein that metabolizes long chain (LC)fatty acids?

In mammalian cells, most fatty acid elongation occurs in _____________. Most desaturation of fatty acids in mammalian cells occurs in _____________.

Show the result if the following fatty acid underwent one desaturation using a $\Delta$ 9 desaturase followed by one round of elongation.

Individuals with diets high in coconut oil consume large amounts of lauric (12:0). What are the $\beta$ -oxidation products of lauric acid?

If gadoleic acid (20:1c $\Delta$ 9)underwent complete mitochondrial oxidation to CO₂, how many ATP could be produced assuming that all reduced electron carriers are re-oxidized by the mitochondrial electron transport chain?

For the $\beta$ -oxidation of a fatty acid with notation of 18:3c $\Delta$ 6,9,12, how many NADPH would be required and how many FADH₂ would be produced?