Exam 15: Electron Transport, Oxidative Phosphorylation, and Oxygen Metabolism

Rotation of the ____ subunit causes the _____ subunit to change from tight conformation where ATP is produced to open conformation where ATP is released.

Use the following half reactions to determine the reaction found in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Calculate the $\Delta$ G ^$\circ$ for the reaction. lipoate + 2H⁺ + 2e^- dihydrolipoate E ^$\circ$ ' = -0.29 V FAD + 2H⁺ + 2e^- FADH₂ E ^$\circ$ ' = -0.22 V

What is the approximate free energy for transporting a mole of protons from the matrix to the intermembrane space under normal conditions within the mitochondria?

Which of the following pathways takes place primarily within the inner mitochondrial membrane?

A(n)_______ incorporates oxygen from O₂ into its products while a(n)_______ uses another oxidizing agent to accomplish the oxidation of its substrate.

Which amino acid is complexed to iron-sulfur clusters to enable them to associate with proteins?

Which of the following uses the energy of the proton gradient to drive transport of its substrates?

Within the electron transport chain, complex _____ represents the entry point for electrons from NADH while complex _____ represents the entry point for electrons from FADH₂.

In the malate/aspartate shuttle, glutamate is converted to _________ in the mitochondria while aspartate is converted to ___________ in the cytosol.

__________ increases oxygen consumption while decreasing ATP synthesis, but ____________ decreases both oxygen consumption and ATP synthesis.

The inhibition by an unknown inhibitor of electron transport was found to be removed by a large concentration of phenazine methosulfate. Since phenazine methosulfate is known to accept electrons from cytochrome b of complex III, which of the following is most similar to the unknown inhibitor?

Which of the following correctly indicates the number of protons pumped into the intermembrane space at each complex of electron transport for each FADH₂ that is oxidized by the electron transport pathway?

Which of the following correctly describes what happens in the first stage of the Q cycle, considering that one cytochrome c is reduced in the process?

Which of the following steps in the catalytic cycle of the F₁ component is the most energetically unfavorable?

Based on the following information, what is the $\Delta$ G ^$\circ$ $\alpha$ for the oxidation of malate by NAD⁺? NAD⁺ + H⁺ + 2e^- NADH E ^$\circ$ ' = -0.32 V Oxaloacetate + 2H⁺ + 2e^- malate E ^$\circ$ ' = -0.17 V

Which of the following describes a correct and complete electron transfer pathway?

If the following two reactions were coupled, what would be the oxidizing agent for the spontaneous reaction? NAD⁺ + H⁺ + 2e^- NADH E ^$\circ$ ' = -0.32 V Acetaldehyde + 2H⁺ + 2e^- ethanol E ^$\circ$ ' = -0.20 V

Which of the following acts as an uncoupler of the mitochondrial proton gradient due to its action as an ionophore?

Using the structure of coenzyme Q, show one reaction to produce the semiquinone and the subsequent reaction to produce the hydroquinone forms of the molecule. (R represents the isoprenoid tail).

Which of the reactive oxygen species is thought to damage lipid membranes?