Exam 21: Metabolism of Nitogenous Compounds II: Amino Acids, Porphyrins, and Neurotransmitters

Threonine is converted into acetyl-CoA and pyruvate while proline is converted into $\alpha$ -ketoglutarate. Classify each of these amino acids.

Which of the following molecules uses chorismate as a precursor?

In the pathway for conversion of phenylalanine to fumarate and acetoacetate, there are two well-known enzyme defects that cause inheritable metabolic diseases. What are the names of these two diseases?

Of the following molecules derived from amino acids, which is used to transport amino acids across the cell membrane?

The route by which methionine is degraded provides for the synthesis of which amino acid?

Which of the following explains the unique mechanism by which $\delta$ -aminolevulinic acid is synthesized in most bacteria, archaea and plants?

One route for tryptophan degradation leads to the coenzyme _____________.

Which pair of amino acids can be degraded to oxaloacetate and $\alpha$ -ketoglutarate, respectively?

In bacteria, the biosynthetic routes for proline and arginine diverge when glutamate is N-acetylated for arginine synthesis. Which of the following explains why acetylation is required for arginine synthesis but not proline synthesis?

Which of the following is a role of spermine and spermidine, the polyamines derived from glutamate?

Which amino acid utilizes nitrogen and carbon from adenine in the synthesis of its R-group?

The importance of regenerating methionine can be seen in the multiple methionine regeneration pathways found in the liver, such as the pathway that uses betaine as a methyl group donor. What glycerophospholipid component is the precursor for betaine?

In animals, all nitrogen and carbon of heme groups comes from the reaction of the amino acid ________ and _________.

The catabolism of leucine to acetyl-CoA produces three molecules of acetyl-CoA, one NADH, and one FADH₂,while consuming two ATP. What is the net ATP production from the complete oxidation of the leucine carbon skeleton?

Which amino acids are transaminated by the branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase?

Bilirubin is conjugated with _________ to increase its solubility for excretion.

Glyphosate, the active molecule in the herbicide Roundup, is an inhibitor of the enzyme 5-enolpuruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase in the chorismate synthesis pathway. Which of the following amino acids would not be produced in a plant treated with Roundup?

The regeneration of methionine from homocysteine relies upon the conversion of _________ to __________ as a source of carbon.

The conversion of tryptophan to 5-hydroxytryptophan in the serotonin synthesis pathway is analogous to the conversion of _________ to _________.

Which of the following molecules derived from tyrosine is correctly defined?