Exam 12: Temperature and Heat

Two spheres, labeled A and B, have identical masses, but are made of different substances. The specific heat capacity of sphere A is 645 J/(kg · C°) and that of sphere B is 240 J/(kg · C°). The spheres are initially at 21 °C; and the same quantity of heat is added to each sphere. If the final temperature of sphere A is 74 °C, what is the approximate final temperature of sphere B?

Heat is added to a 1.0-kg solid sample of a material at -200 °C. The figure shows the temperature of the material as a function of the heat added. -What is the latent heat of fusion of this material?

A tanker ship is filled with 2.25 × 10⁵ m³ of gasoline at a refinery in southern Texas when the temperature is 17.2 °C. When the ship arrives in New York City, the temperature is 1.3 °C. If the coefficient of volumetric expansion for gasoline is 9.50 × 10^-4/C°, how much has the volume of the gasoline decreased when it is unloaded in New York?

A 0.0500-kg lead bullet of volume 5.00 × 10^–6 m³ at 20.0 °C hits a block that is made of an ideal thermal insulator and comes to rest at its center. At that time, the temperature of the bullet is 327 °C. Use the following information for lead: -How much heat was needed to raise the bullet to its final temperature?

Zirconium tungstate is an unusual material because its volume shrinks with an increase in temperature for the temperature range 0.3 K to 1050 K (where it decomposes). In fact, the volumetric coefficient of thermal expansion is -26.4 × 10^-6/K. Determine the ratio $\Delta$ V/V₀ for the above mentioned temperature range. Express your answer in percent.

A 0.30-kg lead ball is heated to 90.0 °C and dropped into an ideal calorimeter containing 0.50 kg of water initially at 20.0 °C. What is the final equilibrium temperature of the lead ball? The specific heat capacity of lead is 128 J/(kg · C°); and the specific heat of water is 4186 J/(kg · C°).

Complete the following statement: When solid NH₃ passes directly to the gaseous state it is said to

The graph shows the equilibrium vapor pressure versus temperature for a certain liquid and its vapor within an open container. If the container is at sea level, at approximately what temperature will the liquid boil?

A thin, circular disc is made of lead and has a radius of 0.0350 cm at 20.0 °C. Determine the change in the area of the circle if the temperature is increased to 625.0 °C. The coefficient of linear thermal expansion for lead is 29.0 × 10^-6/C°.

An aluminum tank of volume 0.0300 m³ is filled to the top with mercury at 20.0 °C. The tank is placed inside a chamber with an interior temperature of 70.0 °C. The coefficient of volume expansion for mercury is 1.82 × 10^-4/C°; and the coefficient of linear expansion of aluminum is 23.0 × 10^-6/C°. After the tank and its contents reach thermal equilibrium with the interior of the chamber, how much mercury has spilled?

On a warm summer day, the relative humidity is 30 % when the temperature is 32 °C. Which one of the following statements is true if the temperature suddenly decreases to 26 °C and all other conditions remain the same?

A liquid is in equilibrium with its vapor in a closed vessel. Which one of the following statements is necessarily true?

A gold sphere has a radius of 1.000 cm at 25.0 °C. If 7650 J of heat is added to the sphere, what will the final volume of the sphere be? Gold has a density of 19 300 kg/m³ at 25.0 °C, a specific heat capacity of 129 J/(kg · C°), and a coefficient of volume expansion of 42.0 × 10^-6/C°.

Which one of the following statements explains why it is difficult to measure the coefficient of volume expansion for a liquid?

A 2.00-kg metal block slides on a rough, horizontal surface inside an insulated pipe. After sliding a distance of 500.0 m, its temperature is increased by 2.00 °C. Note: Assume that all of the heat generated by frictional heating goes into the metal block. For this metal, the specific heat capacity is 0.150 cal/(g · C°). -How much work does the force of friction do on the block?

The units of heat are equivalent to those of which one of the following quantities?

Using the data in the table, determine how many calories are needed to change 100 g of solid X at 10 °C to a vapor at 210 °C.

A 2.0-g sample of steam at 100 °C loses 1140 calories of heat. What is the resulting temperature of the sample?

Determine the latent heat of vaporization of unknown substance X in kcal/g if 4.0 g of boiling liquid X are completely vaporized in 1.2 hours by an input of 15 kcal/h into the system by an energy source.

Which one of the following temperatures is approximately equal to the typical temperature of a classroom?