Question 1

During alcoholic fermentation,____________________ is converted into ethanol.

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate

Question 2

Cells dismantle triglycerides by first breaking the bonds that connect fatty acid tails to _______.

Accepted Answer

Glycerol

Question 3

Aerobic respiration and fermentation ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  evolved in different living organisms to utilize energy stored in glucose with equal efficiency 
B)  occur only in animal cells because plants carry out photosynthesis 
C)  utilize fat as primary energy source 
D)  occur at the same rate throughout all cells of the body 
E)  start with glycolysis. 
A)  evolved in different living organisms to utilize energy stored in glucose with equal efficiency 
B)  occur only in animal cells because plants carry out photosynthesis 
C)  utilize fat as primary energy source 
D)  occur at the same rate throughout all cells of the body 
E)  start with glycolysis. E

Question 4

Labeling. Use these molecules to label the major inputs and/or outputs of the citric acid cycle on the figure below.Figure 7.8
  
-What molecule corresponds to the item labeled as "62" in the accompanying figure?

Accepted Answer

A) CO2 
B) NADH 
C) ADP + Pi 
D) FADH2 
E) ATP 
A) CO2 
B) NADH 
C) ADP + Pi 
D) FADH2 
E) ATP

Question 5

Labeling. Use these molecules to label the major inputs and/or outputs of the citric acid cycle on the figure below.Figure 7.8
  
-What molecule corresponds to the item labeled as "58" in the accompanying figure?

Accepted Answer

A) CO2 
B) NADH 
C) ADP + Pi 
D) FADH2 
E) ATP 
A) CO2 
B) NADH 
C) ADP + Pi 
D) FADH2 
E) ATP

Question 6

During the citric acid cycle,____.

Accepted Answer

A)  four CO2 molecules are produced 
B)  oxaloacetate is consumed 
C)  electrons and H+ are removed from the coenzymes NADH and FADH 
D)  molecules of carbon dioxide are consumed 
E)  oxidative phosphorylation occurs 
A)  four CO2 molecules are produced 
B)  oxaloacetate is consumed 
C)  electrons and H+ are removed from the coenzymes NADH and FADH 
D)  molecules of carbon dioxide are consumed 
E)  oxidative phosphorylation occurs

Question 7

Electron transfer phosphorylation yields ____ ATPs.

Accepted Answer

A)  four 
B)  Two 
C)  Three 
D)  32 
E)  Zero 
A)  four 
B)  Two 
C)  Three 
D)  32 
E)  Zero

Question 8

Select the one most appropriate choice for each.
-Fermentation

Accepted Answer

A) Produces NADH and CO2; pyruvate oxidized 
B) Produces ATP, NADH, and CO2 
C) Splits glucose into two pyruvate molecules 
D) Regenerates NAD+ as pyruvate is converted to ethanol or lactate 
E) Uses a membrane-bound system that sets up production of ATP 
A) Produces NADH and CO2; pyruvate oxidized 
B) Produces ATP, NADH, and CO2 
C) Splits glucose into two pyruvate molecules 
D) Regenerates NAD+ as pyruvate is converted to ethanol or lactate 
E) Uses a membrane-bound system that sets up production of ATP

Question 9

Which of the following is not a product of the breakdown of dietary proteins for energy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amino acids 
B)  Ammonia 
C)  Pyruvate 
D)  Acetyl-CoA 
E)  Mitrate 
A)  Amino acids 
B)  Ammonia 
C)  Pyruvate 
D)  Acetyl-CoA 
E)  Mitrate

Question 10

The breakdown of ____ for energy production results in the formation of ammonia as a waste product.

Accepted Answer

A)  carbohydrates 
B)  fats 
C)  proteins 
D)  carbohydrates and fats 
E)  fats and proteins 
A)  carbohydrates 
B)  fats 
C)  proteins 
D)  carbohydrates and fats 
E)  fats and proteins

Question 11

Which of the following is true regarding lactate fermentation in muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  It provides a quick burst of ATP. 
B)  It sustains muscle contractions during prolonged exercise. 
C)  It causes muscle soreness. 
D)  It is the predominant form of respiration in muscles. 
E)  Its products accumulate in muscle for extended periods of time. 
A)  It provides a quick burst of ATP. 
B)  It sustains muscle contractions during prolonged exercise. 
C)  It causes muscle soreness. 
D)  It is the predominant form of respiration in muscles. 
E)  Its products accumulate in muscle for extended periods of time.

Question 12

Where in a cell does glycolysis occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cytoplasm 
B)  Golgi body 
C)  Nucleoid 
D)  Mitochondrion 
E)  Rough endoplasmic reticulum 
A)  Cytoplasm 
B)  Golgi body 
C)  Nucleoid 
D)  Mitochondrion 
E)  Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 13

For animals,the final hydrogen acceptor in cellular respiration is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  NADP+ 
B)  sulfur 
C)  oxygen 
D)  magnesium 
E)  phosphorus 
A)  NADP+ 
B)  sulfur 
C)  oxygen 
D)  magnesium 
E)  phosphorus

Question 14

Classification. Use the five compounds listed below for the following questions.
-This compound is produced from acetaldehyde when it accepts electrons and a hydrogen ion from NADH.

Accepted Answer

A) Ethanol 
B) Pyruvate 
C) Lactate 
D) Carbon dioxide 
E) Acetaldehyde 
A) Ethanol 
B) Pyruvate 
C) Lactate 
D) Carbon dioxide 
E) Acetaldehyde

Question 15

Classification. Use the five processes listed below for the following questions.
-This process precedes the citric acid cycle.

Accepted Answer

A) Glycolysis 
B) Aerobic respiration 
C) Electron transfer phosphorylation 
D) Alcoholic fermentation 
E) Lactate fermentation 
A) Glycolysis 
B) Aerobic respiration 
C) Electron transfer phosphorylation 
D) Alcoholic fermentation 
E) Lactate fermentation

Question 16

When molecules are broken apart in respiration,____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the heat produced is used to drive biological reactions 
B)  the oxygen in the compounds that are broken apart is used as an energy source 
C)  the energy released is channeled into molecules of ATP 
D)  ATP is converted into ADP 
E)  ADP is released as a waste product 
A)  the heat produced is used to drive biological reactions 
B)  the oxygen in the compounds that are broken apart is used as an energy source 
C)  the energy released is channeled into molecules of ATP 
D)  ATP is converted into ADP 
E)  ADP is released as a waste product

Question 17

Glycolysis depends upon a continuous supply of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  NADP 
B)  pyruvate 
C)  NAD+ 
D)  NADH 
E)  H2O 
A)  NADP 
B)  pyruvate 
C)  NAD+ 
D)  NADH 
E)  H2O

Question 18

What is an anaerobic glucose-breakdown pathway that produces ATP without use of an electron transfer chain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cellular respiration 
B)  Fermentation 
C)  Glycolysis 
D)  Aerobic respiration 
E)  Anaerobic respiration 
A)  Cellular respiration 
B)  Fermentation 
C)  Glycolysis 
D)  Aerobic respiration 
E)  Anaerobic respiration

Question 19

In the breakdown of glucose,a phosphorylated six-carbon compound is split into two phosphorylated three-carbon sugars,which are named ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  PGAL 
B)  pyruvate 
C)  acetyl-CoA 
D)  lactate 
E)  acetaldehyde 
A)  PGAL 
B)  pyruvate 
C)  acetyl-CoA 
D)  lactate 
E)  acetaldehyde

Question 20

Pyruvate is the end product of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolysis 
B)  acetyl-CoA formation 
C)  fermentation 
D)  aerobic respiration 
E)  the citric acid cycle 
A)  glycolysis 
B)  acetyl-CoA formation 
C)  fermentation 
D)  aerobic respiration 
E)  the citric acid cycle

Exam 7: How Cells Release Chemical Energy

During alcoholic fermentation,____________________ is converted into ethanol.

Cells dismantle triglycerides by first breaking the bonds that connect fatty acid tails to _______.

Aerobic respiration and fermentation ________.

Labeling. Use these molecules to label the major inputs and/or outputs of the citric acid cycle on the figure below.Figure 7.8 -What molecule corresponds to the item labeled as "62" in the accompanying figure?

Labeling. Use these molecules to label the major inputs and/or outputs of the citric acid cycle on the figure below.Figure 7.8 -What molecule corresponds to the item labeled as "58" in the accompanying figure?

During the citric acid cycle,____.

Electron transfer phosphorylation yields ____ ATPs.

Select the one most appropriate choice for each. -Fermentation

Which of the following is not a product of the breakdown of dietary proteins for energy?

The breakdown of ____ for energy production results in the formation of ammonia as a waste product.

Which of the following is true regarding lactate fermentation in muscle cells?

Where in a cell does glycolysis occur?

For animals,the final hydrogen acceptor in cellular respiration is ____.

Classification. Use the five compounds listed below for the following questions. -This compound is produced from acetaldehyde when it accepts electrons and a hydrogen ion from NADH.

Classification. Use the five processes listed below for the following questions. -This process precedes the citric acid cycle.

When molecules are broken apart in respiration,____.

Glycolysis depends upon a continuous supply of ____.

What is an anaerobic glucose-breakdown pathway that produces ATP without use of an electron transfer chain?

In the breakdown of glucose,a phosphorylated six-carbon compound is split into two phosphorylated three-carbon sugars,which are named ____.

Pyruvate is the end product of ____.

Invitation to Biology

Life's Chemical Bases

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure

Ground Rules of Metabolism

Where it Starts—Photosynthesis

DNA Structure and Function

From DNA to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

How Cells Reproduce

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Observing Patterns in Inherited Traits

Chromosomes and Human Inheritance

Studying and Manipulating Genomes

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Organizing Information about Species

Life's Origin and Early Evolution

Viruses, Bacteria, and Archaea

Protists: The Simplest Eukaryotes

The Land Plants

Fungi

Animal Evolution: The Invertebrates

Animal Evolution: The Chordates

Human Evolution

Plant Tissues

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Life Cycles of Flowering Plants

Communication Strategies in Plants

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

Neural Control

Sensory Perception

Endocrine Control

Structural Support and Movement

Circulation

Immunity

Respiration

Digestion and Nutrition

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Animal Reproductive System

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Human Impacts on the Biosphere

Filters