Question 1

Mutations are ___________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  random 
B)  beneficial 
C)  always lethal 
D)  always heritable 
E)  largely predictable 
A)  random 
B)  beneficial 
C)  always lethal 
D)  always heritable 
E)  largely predictable A

Question 2

In eukaryotes,all of the different types of RNA are transcribed in the ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  mitochondria 
B)  cytoplasm 
C)  ribosomes 
D)  nucleus 
E)  endoplasmic reticulum 
A)  mitochondria 
B)  cytoplasm 
C)  ribosomes 
D)  nucleus 
E)  endoplasmic reticulum D

Question 3

A polysome is ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  one of the units of a ribosome 
B)  the nuclear organelle that synthesizes RNA 
C)  an organelle that functions similarly to a ribosome during meiosis 
D)  the two units of a ribosome considered together 
E)  multiple ribosomal units attached to an mRNA strand 
A)  one of the units of a ribosome 
B)  the nuclear organelle that synthesizes RNA 
C)  an organelle that functions similarly to a ribosome during meiosis 
D)  the two units of a ribosome considered together 
E)  multiple ribosomal units attached to an mRNA strand E

Question 4

Which of the following post-transcriptional modifications allow multiple forms of protein products from the same gene sequence?

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphorylation 
B)  methylation 
C)  alternative splicing 
D)  poly-A tail 
E)  5' nucleotide cap 
A)  phosphorylation 
B)  methylation 
C)  alternative splicing 
D)  poly-A tail 
E)  5' nucleotide cap

Question 5

Transcription starts at a region of DNA called a(n)_____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  sequencer 
B)  promoter 
C)  activator 
D)  terminator 
E)  transcriber 
A)  sequencer 
B)  promoter 
C)  activator 
D)  terminator 
E)  transcriber

Question 6

Ribosomal subunits ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  come together in threes to form functional units 
B)  are composed of mRNA and structural proteins 
C)  are synthesized in the cytoplasm 
D)  converge with tRNA when mRNA is to be translated 
E)  are transcribed from the complementary strand of DNA that is used for tRNA transcription 
A)  come together in threes to form functional units 
B)  are composed of mRNA and structural proteins 
C)  are synthesized in the cytoplasm 
D)  converge with tRNA when mRNA is to be translated 
E)  are transcribed from the complementary strand of DNA that is used for tRNA transcription

Question 7

Which of the following delivers amino acids to ribosomes,one by one,in the order specified by a messenger RNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  Transfer RNA 
B)  Ribosomal RNA 
C)  RNA polymerase 
D)  DNA polymerase 
E)  Gene 
A)  Transfer RNA 
B)  Ribosomal RNA 
C)  RNA polymerase 
D)  DNA polymerase 
E)  Gene

Question 8

The form of RNA that carries the code from DNA to the site of protein assembly is called __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  messenger RNA. 
B)  nuclear RNA. 
C)  ribosomal RNA. 
D)  transfer RNA. 
E)  structural RNA. 
A)  messenger RNA. 
B)  nuclear RNA. 
C)  ribosomal RNA. 
D)  transfer RNA. 
E)  structural RNA.

Question 9

The portion of the DNA molecule that is translated is composed of ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  introns 
B)  anticodons 
C)  exons 
D)  transcriptions 
E)  exons and transcriptions 
A)  introns 
B)  anticodons 
C)  exons 
D)  transcriptions 
E)  exons and transcriptions

Question 10

The relationship between strands of RNA and DNA during transcription is ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  antagonistic 
B)  opposite 
C)  complementary 
D)  an exact duplicate 
E)  unrelated 
A)  antagonistic 
B)  opposite 
C)  complementary 
D)  an exact duplicate 
E)  unrelated

Question 11

DNA and RNA are alike in that they _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  both have same pentose sugar 
B)  use the same nitrogenous bases to assemble the genetic code 
C)  have the same number of strands 
D)  both contain nucleotides 
E)  are both made in the cytoplasm 
A)  both have same pentose sugar 
B)  use the same nitrogenous bases to assemble the genetic code 
C)  have the same number of strands 
D)  both contain nucleotides 
E)  are both made in the cytoplasm

Question 12

Choose the best matching element.
-Anticodon

Accepted Answer

A) Results in a hairless appearance of the sphynx cat 
B) RNA-directed process involving polypeptide chains 
C) Sites at which RNA polymerases can bind and initiate transcription 
D) Is bound by a small subunit of a ribosome to begin translation 
E) Guided and catalyzed by RNA polymerases
F)Polypeptide chain elongation proceeds independently at each body in this cluster
G)Adds nucleotides to the end of a growing RNA
H)A tRNA triplet opposite a codon
I)A set of three nucleotides 
A) Results in a hairless appearance of the sphynx cat 
B) RNA-directed process involving polypeptide chains 
C) Sites at which RNA polymerases can bind and initiate transcription 
D) Is bound by a small subunit of a ribosome to begin translation 
E) Guided and catalyzed by RNA polymerases
F)Polypeptide chain elongation proceeds independently at each body in this cluster
G)Adds nucleotides to the end of a growing RNA
H)A tRNA triplet opposite a codon
I)A set of three nucleotides

Question 13

Which of the following initiates the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA polymerase 
B)  DNA polymerase 
C)  Helicase 
D)  Transfer RNA 
E)  Exons 
A)  RNA polymerase 
B)  DNA polymerase 
C)  Helicase 
D)  Transfer RNA 
E)  Exons

Question 14

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gene mutations never occur independently of each other. 
B)  Gene mutations are very common. 
C)  Ionizing radiation is caused by chromosomal damage. 
D)  Mutations are random. 
E)  The loci of gene mutations can be predicted. 
A)  Gene mutations never occur independently of each other. 
B)  Gene mutations are very common. 
C)  Ionizing radiation is caused by chromosomal damage. 
D)  Mutations are random. 
E)  The loci of gene mutations can be predicted.

Question 15

The effects of mutation in human somatic cells have a low probability of causing harm because only _______ of human DNA encodes gene products.

Accepted Answer

A)  greater than 5 percent 
B)  less than 2 percent 
C)  less than 4 percent 
D)  greater than 8 percent 
E)  greater than 3 percent 
A)  greater than 5 percent 
B)  less than 2 percent 
C)  less than 4 percent 
D)  greater than 8 percent 
E)  greater than 3 percent

Question 16

Mutation in globin genes cause a condition called ___________,which is marked by the decreased ability of a person's blood to carry oxygen.

Accepted Answer

A)  thalassemia 
B)  myeloma 
C)  aplastic anemia 
D)  lymphoma 
E)  anemia 
A)  thalassemia 
B)  myeloma 
C)  aplastic anemia 
D)  lymphoma 
E)  anemia

Question 17

Classification. You will need a genetic code table to answer the following. The following statements refer to the five RNA codons listed below; match them appropriately:
-This codon terminates a coding region.

Accepted Answer

A) AUG 
B) UAA 
C) UUU 
D) UUA 
E) AAA 
A) AUG 
B) UAA 
C) UUU 
D) UUA 
E) AAA

Question 18

A segment of DNA that specifies a sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide is called a(n)____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  codon 
B)  intron 
C)  messenger 
D)  gene 
E)  enzyme 
A)  codon 
B)  intron 
C)  messenger 
D)  gene 
E)  enzyme

Question 19

Which of the following is true about the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

A)  All organisms use essentially the same genetic code. 
B)  The codon signaling the end of transcription also codes for an amino acid. 
C)  There are multiple codons signaling the start of transcription. 
D)  Each amino acid is specified by only one codon. 
E)  A codon is three to six bases long. 
A)  All organisms use essentially the same genetic code. 
B)  The codon signaling the end of transcription also codes for an amino acid. 
C)  There are multiple codons signaling the start of transcription. 
D)  Each amino acid is specified by only one codon. 
E)  A codon is three to six bases long.

Question 20

Classification. You will need a genetic code table to answer the following. The following statements refer to the five RNA codons listed below; match them appropriately:
-This codon codes for an amino acid and indicates the beginning of a coding region.

Accepted Answer

A) AUG 
B) UAA 
C) UUU 
D) UUA 
E) AAA 
A) AUG 
B) UAA 
C) UUU 
D) UUA 
E) AAA

Exam 9: From DNA to Protein

Mutations are ___________________.

In eukaryotes,all of the different types of RNA are transcribed in the ____________.

A polysome is ______________.

Which of the following post-transcriptional modifications allow multiple forms of protein products from the same gene sequence?

Transcription starts at a region of DNA called a(n)_____________.

Ribosomal subunits ____________.

Which of the following delivers amino acids to ribosomes,one by one,in the order specified by a messenger RNA?

The form of RNA that carries the code from DNA to the site of protein assembly is called __________.

The portion of the DNA molecule that is translated is composed of ______________.

The relationship between strands of RNA and DNA during transcription is ______________.

DNA and RNA are alike in that they _____________.

Choose the best matching element. -Anticodon

Which of the following initiates the process of transcription?

Which of the following statements is true?

The effects of mutation in human somatic cells have a low probability of causing harm because only _______ of human DNA encodes gene products.

Mutation in globin genes cause a condition called ___________,which is marked by the decreased ability of a person's blood to carry oxygen.

Classification. You will need a genetic code table to answer the following. The following statements refer to the five RNA codons listed below; match them appropriately: -This codon terminates a coding region.

A segment of DNA that specifies a sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide is called a(n)____________.

Which of the following is true about the genetic code?

Classification. You will need a genetic code table to answer the following. The following statements refer to the five RNA codons listed below; match them appropriately: -This codon codes for an amino acid and indicates the beginning of a coding region.

Invitation to Biology

Life's Chemical Bases

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure

Ground Rules of Metabolism

Where it Starts—Photosynthesis

How Cells Release Chemical Energy

DNA Structure and Function

Control of Gene Expression

How Cells Reproduce

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Observing Patterns in Inherited Traits

Chromosomes and Human Inheritance

Studying and Manipulating Genomes

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Organizing Information about Species

Life's Origin and Early Evolution

Viruses, Bacteria, and Archaea

Protists: The Simplest Eukaryotes

The Land Plants

Fungi

Animal Evolution: The Invertebrates

Animal Evolution: The Chordates

Human Evolution

Plant Tissues

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Life Cycles of Flowering Plants

Communication Strategies in Plants

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

Neural Control

Sensory Perception

Endocrine Control

Structural Support and Movement

Circulation

Immunity

Respiration

Digestion and Nutrition

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Animal Reproductive System

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Human Impacts on the Biosphere

Filters