Question 1

Extracts of pathogenic bacteria can transform harmless bacteria to harmful bacteria unless ____ enzymes are added to the extract.

Accepted Answer

A)  protein transfer 
B)  mRNA-degrading 
C)  tRNA-degrading 
D)  DNA-degrading 
E)  nucleic transfer 
A)  protein transfer 
B)  mRNA-degrading 
C)  tRNA-degrading 
D)  DNA-degrading 
E)  nucleic transfer D

Question 2

DNA polymerases ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  seal gaps in the sugar-phosphate backbone 
B)  add new nucleotides to a strand 
C)  catalyze carbon bonding 
D)  assemble new strands in both direction 
E)  repair DNA 
A)  seal gaps in the sugar-phosphate backbone 
B)  add new nucleotides to a strand 
C)  catalyze carbon bonding 
D)  assemble new strands in both direction 
E)  repair DNA B

Question 3

A _____ is an image of an individual cell's chromosomes arranged by size,length,shape,and centromere location.

Accepted Answer

A)  karyotype 
B)  autosomes 
C)  primer 
D)  diploid 
E)  ligase 
A)  karyotype 
B)  autosomes 
C)  primer 
D)  diploid 
E)  ligase A

Question 4

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
-Wilkins

Accepted Answer

A) Discovered that the hereditary system of one strain of bacteria could be transformed by the hereditary system from another strain of bacteria 
B) First to describe DNA and extract it from cell nuclei 
C) Discovered that DNA-digesting enzymes prevented bacterial transformation 
D) The first to build an accurate model of DNA and to describe it explicitly in a publication 
E) The first to demonstrate, through the use of radioactive isotopes, that DNA, not protein, is the genetic material
F)Provided two important clues to the structure of DNA; one clue is that A = T and the other is that C = G
G)Worked at King's College at the same time as Franklin
H)Obtained excellent x-ray diffraction photographs that suggested that DNA was a long, thin molecule with regularly repeating units 
A) Discovered that the hereditary system of one strain of bacteria could be transformed by the hereditary system from another strain of bacteria 
B) First to describe DNA and extract it from cell nuclei 
C) Discovered that DNA-digesting enzymes prevented bacterial transformation 
D) The first to build an accurate model of DNA and to describe it explicitly in a publication 
E) The first to demonstrate, through the use of radioactive isotopes, that DNA, not protein, is the genetic material
F)Provided two important clues to the structure of DNA; one clue is that A = T and the other is that C = G
G)Worked at King's College at the same time as Franklin
H)Obtained excellent x-ray diffraction photographs that suggested that DNA was a long, thin molecule with regularly repeating units

Question 5

Which technique did Rosalind Franklin use to determine many aspects of DNA's structure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Transformation 
B)  Transmission electron microscopy 
C)  Density-gradient centrifugation 
D)  X-ray crystallography 
E)  Chromatography 
A)  Transformation 
B)  Transmission electron microscopy 
C)  Density-gradient centrifugation 
D)  X-ray crystallography 
E)  Chromatography

Question 6

Which statement is true of DNA's structure?

Accepted Answer

A)  The hydrogen bonding of cytosine to guanine is an example of complementary base pairing. 
B)  In DNA, adenine always base pairs with guanine and cytosine always base pairs with thymine. 
C)  Each of the four nucleotides in a DNA molecule has the same nitrogen-containing base. 
D)  When adenine base pairs with thymine, they are linked by three hydrogen bonds. 
E)  All four bases in DNA can be found in equal quantities. 
A)  The hydrogen bonding of cytosine to guanine is an example of complementary base pairing. 
B)  In DNA, adenine always base pairs with guanine and cytosine always base pairs with thymine. 
C)  Each of the four nucleotides in a DNA molecule has the same nitrogen-containing base. 
D)  When adenine base pairs with thymine, they are linked by three hydrogen bonds. 
E)  All four bases in DNA can be found in equal quantities.

Question 7

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
-Hershey and Chase

Accepted Answer

A) Discovered that the hereditary system of one strain of bacteria could be transformed by the hereditary system from another strain of bacteria 
B) First to describe DNA and extract it from cell nuclei 
C) Discovered that DNA-digesting enzymes prevented bacterial transformation 
D) The first to build an accurate model of DNA and to describe it explicitly in a publication 
E) The first to demonstrate, through the use of radioactive isotopes, that DNA, not protein, is the genetic material
F)Provided two important clues to the structure of DNA; one clue is that A = T and the other is that C = G
G)Worked at King's College at the same time as Franklin
H)Obtained excellent x-ray diffraction photographs that suggested that DNA was a long, thin molecule with regularly repeating units 
A) Discovered that the hereditary system of one strain of bacteria could be transformed by the hereditary system from another strain of bacteria 
B) First to describe DNA and extract it from cell nuclei 
C) Discovered that DNA-digesting enzymes prevented bacterial transformation 
D) The first to build an accurate model of DNA and to describe it explicitly in a publication 
E) The first to demonstrate, through the use of radioactive isotopes, that DNA, not protein, is the genetic material
F)Provided two important clues to the structure of DNA; one clue is that A = T and the other is that C = G
G)Worked at King's College at the same time as Franklin
H)Obtained excellent x-ray diffraction photographs that suggested that DNA was a long, thin molecule with regularly repeating units

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true regarding cloning techniques?

Accepted Answer

A)  Embryo splitting results in offspring that are genetically identical to their parents. 
B)  Reproductive cloning always involves the transfer of an animal's nucleus from a body cell to an egg cell. 
C)  Early clones such as Dolly were smaller and acted differently from normal sheep. 
D)  Somatic cell nuclear transfer results in offspring that are genetically identical to their parent. 
E)  Clones can only be made from cells of live, fertile animals. 
A)  Embryo splitting results in offspring that are genetically identical to their parents. 
B)  Reproductive cloning always involves the transfer of an animal's nucleus from a body cell to an egg cell. 
C)  Early clones such as Dolly were smaller and acted differently from normal sheep. 
D)  Somatic cell nuclear transfer results in offspring that are genetically identical to their parent. 
E)  Clones can only be made from cells of live, fertile animals.

Question 9

Classification. Answer the following questions in reference to the five nucleotides listed below.
-Erwin Chargaff's data indicates that within a species,the amount of adenine is always equal to the amount of this nucleotide.

Accepted Answer

A) Guanine 
B) Cytosine 
C) Pyrimidine 
D) Thymine 
E) Uracil 
A) Guanine 
B) Cytosine 
C) Pyrimidine 
D) Thymine 
E) Uracil

Question 10

Answer the following questions about Griffith's experiments involving Streptococcus pneumoniae.   Figure 8.3

-If an injection to the mouse contains live R strain and heat-killed S strain Streptococcus pneumonia,____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the mouse will live 
B)  the mouse will became fatally ill and live S strain bacteria will be detected in its blood 
C)  the mouse's blood will contain live pathogenic R strain bacteria 
D)  the dead S strain bacteria will transform to live R strain bacteria 
E)  DNA from the live R strain bacteria will revive the dead S strain bacteria 
A)  the mouse will live 
B)  the mouse will became fatally ill and live S strain bacteria will be detected in its blood 
C)  the mouse's blood will contain live pathogenic R strain bacteria 
D)  the dead S strain bacteria will transform to live R strain bacteria 
E)  DNA from the live R strain bacteria will revive the dead S strain bacteria

Question 11

Classification. Answer the following questions in reference to the five nucleotides listed below.
-This nucleotide is a double-ring molecule.

Accepted Answer

A) Guanine 
B) Cytosine 
C) Pyrimidine 
D) Thymine 
E) Uracil 
A) Guanine 
B) Cytosine 
C) Pyrimidine 
D) Thymine 
E) Uracil

Question 12

About how many base pairs are there in the DNA of human cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 million 
B)  20 million 
C)  3 billion 
D)  10 billion 
E)  100 billion 
A)  1 million 
B)  20 million 
C)  3 billion 
D)  10 billion 
E)  100 billion

Question 13

Which structures have the same length,shape,and centromere location?

Accepted Answer

A)  Karyotypes 
B)  Histones 
C)  Bacteriophages 
D)  Nucleosomes 
E)  Autosome pairs 
A)  Karyotypes 
B)  Histones 
C)  Bacteriophages 
D)  Nucleosomes 
E)  Autosome pairs

Question 14

Classification. Answer the following questions in reference to the five nucleotides listed below.
-If one chain of a DNA molecule has a purine at a given position,this nucleotide complements it on the other chain.

Accepted Answer

A) Guanine 
B) Cytosine 
C) Pyrimidine 
D) Thymine 
E) Uracil 
A) Guanine 
B) Cytosine 
C) Pyrimidine 
D) Thymine 
E) Uracil

Question 15

Which discovery was determined about DNA from x-ray diffraction data?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA is uniform in length. 
B)  DNA is short and narrow. 
C)  DNA has a repeating pattern. 
D)  DNA molecules are flat. 
E)  DNA molecules are round. 
A)  DNA is uniform in length. 
B)  DNA is short and narrow. 
C)  DNA has a repeating pattern. 
D)  DNA molecules are flat. 
E)  DNA molecules are round.

Question 16

The process by which an animal's embryonic cells specialize into specific cell types is called____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  specialization 
B)  differentiation 
C)  cloning 
D)  regeneration 
E)  senescence 
A)  specialization 
B)  differentiation 
C)  cloning 
D)  regeneration 
E)  senescence

Question 17

A bacterium,containing one circular DNA chromosome,undergoes four rounds of replication.How many new strands of DNA would result?

Accepted Answer

A)  8 
B)  14 
C)  16 
D)  24 
E)  32 
A)  8 
B)  14 
C)  16 
D)  24 
E)  32

Question 18

Which of the following is not a factor that increases mutations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Replication error 
B)  Fast rates of replication 
C)  UV radiation 
D)  Ionizing radiation 
E)  Repair enzymes 
A)  Replication error 
B)  Fast rates of replication 
C)  UV radiation 
D)  Ionizing radiation 
E)  Repair enzymes

Question 19

Classification. Answer the following questions in reference to the five nucleotides listed below.
-This nucleotide is not incorporated into the structure of the DNA helix.

Accepted Answer

A) Guanine 
B) Cytosine 
C) Pyrimidine 
D) Thymine 
E) Uracil 
A) Guanine 
B) Cytosine 
C) Pyrimidine 
D) Thymine 
E) Uracil

Question 20

____ discovered the basis for the ____ rule,which states that the amounts of adenine and thymine are identical,as are the amounts of cytosine and guanine.

Accepted Answer

A)  Avery; base-pair 
B)  Griffith, double helix 
C)  Chargaff; base-pair 
D)  Chase; double helix 
E)  Pauling; base-pair 
A)  Avery; base-pair 
B)  Griffith, double helix 
C)  Chargaff; base-pair 
D)  Chase; double helix 
E)  Pauling; base-pair

Exam 8: DNA Structure and Function

Extracts of pathogenic bacteria can transform harmless bacteria to harmful bacteria unless ____ enzymes are added to the extract.

DNA polymerases ____.

A _____ is an image of an individual cell's chromosomes arranged by size,length,shape,and centromere location.

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. -Wilkins

Which technique did Rosalind Franklin use to determine many aspects of DNA's structure?

Which statement is true of DNA's structure?

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. -Hershey and Chase

Which of the following statements is true regarding cloning techniques?

Classification. Answer the following questions in reference to the five nucleotides listed below. -Erwin Chargaff's data indicates that within a species,the amount of adenine is always equal to the amount of this nucleotide.

Answer the following questions about Griffith's experiments involving Streptococcus pneumoniae. Figure 8.3 -If an injection to the mouse contains live R strain and heat-killed S strain Streptococcus pneumonia,____.

Classification. Answer the following questions in reference to the five nucleotides listed below. -This nucleotide is a double-ring molecule.

About how many base pairs are there in the DNA of human cells?

Which structures have the same length,shape,and centromere location?

Classification. Answer the following questions in reference to the five nucleotides listed below. -If one chain of a DNA molecule has a purine at a given position,this nucleotide complements it on the other chain.

Which discovery was determined about DNA from x-ray diffraction data?

The process by which an animal's embryonic cells specialize into specific cell types is called____________.

A bacterium,containing one circular DNA chromosome,undergoes four rounds of replication.How many new strands of DNA would result?

Which of the following is not a factor that increases mutations?

Classification. Answer the following questions in reference to the five nucleotides listed below. -This nucleotide is not incorporated into the structure of the DNA helix.

____ discovered the basis for the ____ rule,which states that the amounts of adenine and thymine are identical,as are the amounts of cytosine and guanine.

Invitation to Biology

Life's Chemical Bases

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure

Ground Rules of Metabolism

Where it Starts—Photosynthesis

How Cells Release Chemical Energy

From DNA to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

How Cells Reproduce

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Observing Patterns in Inherited Traits

Chromosomes and Human Inheritance

Studying and Manipulating Genomes

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Organizing Information about Species

Life's Origin and Early Evolution

Viruses, Bacteria, and Archaea

Protists: The Simplest Eukaryotes

The Land Plants

Fungi

Animal Evolution: The Invertebrates

Animal Evolution: The Chordates

Human Evolution

Plant Tissues

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Life Cycles of Flowering Plants

Communication Strategies in Plants

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

Neural Control

Sensory Perception

Endocrine Control

Structural Support and Movement

Circulation

Immunity

Respiration

Digestion and Nutrition

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Animal Reproductive System

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Human Impacts on the Biosphere

Filters

discovered the basis for the rule,which states that the amounts of adenine and thymine are identical,as are the amounts of cytosine and guanine.