Question 1

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
-Enzyme

Accepted Answer

A) Amount of energy to start a reaction 
B) Coenzyme that can accept electrons and hydrogen 
C) Attachment of a phosphate group with a high-energy bond 
D) An excess of end-product molecules alters the shape of the first enzyme in the pathway and shuts off that metabolic pathway 
E) Part of an enzyme that binds to the substrate
F)By binding a regulatory molecule, it allows a metabolic reaction to proceed
G)Affects rates of chemical reactions by reducing activation energy
H)Important energy currency in metabolism
I)Enzyme that participates in the neutralization of hydrogen peroxide
J)A measure of the amount of energy that has been diffused from a concentrated form of energy within a system 
A) Amount of energy to start a reaction 
B) Coenzyme that can accept electrons and hydrogen 
C) Attachment of a phosphate group with a high-energy bond 
D) An excess of end-product molecules alters the shape of the first enzyme in the pathway and shuts off that metabolic pathway 
E) Part of an enzyme that binds to the substrate
F)By binding a regulatory molecule, it allows a metabolic reaction to proceed
G)Affects rates of chemical reactions by reducing activation energy
H)Important energy currency in metabolism
I)Enzyme that participates in the neutralization of hydrogen peroxide
J)A measure of the amount of energy that has been diffused from a concentrated form of energy within a system G

Question 2

The second law of thermodynamics states that ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  energy can be transformed into matter, and because of this, something is obtained for nothing 
B)  energy can be destroyed during nuclear reactions such as those that occur inside the sun 
C)  if energy is gained by one region of the universe, another place in the universe also must gain energy in order to maintain the balance of nature 
D)  energy tends to flow from concentrated to less concentrated forms 
E)  energy tends to be stable over time 
A)  energy can be transformed into matter, and because of this, something is obtained for nothing 
B)  energy can be destroyed during nuclear reactions such as those that occur inside the sun 
C)  if energy is gained by one region of the universe, another place in the universe also must gain energy in order to maintain the balance of nature 
D)  energy tends to flow from concentrated to less concentrated forms 
E)  energy tends to be stable over time D

Question 3

The mosaic of the fluid mosaic model refers to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  specific proteins in membranes 
B)  the liquid inside a cell 
C)  the phospholipids in membranes 
D)  the passage of materials into cells 
E)  the diverse molecules making up membranes 
A)  specific proteins in membranes 
B)  the liquid inside a cell 
C)  the phospholipids in membranes 
D)  the passage of materials into cells 
E)  the diverse molecules making up membranes E

Question 4

Classification. The terms below relate to the movement of materials and membranes. Answer the following questions by selecting the correct term.
-Movement of molecules would be into this fluid

Accepted Answer

A) Diffusion 
B) Hypertonic 
C) Hypotonic 
D) Isotonic 
E) Osmosis
F)Osmotic pressure
G)Turgor 
A) Diffusion 
B) Hypertonic 
C) Hypotonic 
D) Isotonic 
E) Osmosis
F)Osmotic pressure
G)Turgor

Question 5

What statement is an application of the first law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

A)  The level of entropy increases as time passes. 
B)  Living organisms represent an exception to the laws of energy. 
C)  The quantity of energy does not increase or decrease in the universe. 
D)  Fungi and plants do not make their own energy but derive it from somewhere else. 
E)  The amount of energy found in the compounds on one side of an equation is equal to that on the other side. 
A)  The level of entropy increases as time passes. 
B)  Living organisms represent an exception to the laws of energy. 
C)  The quantity of energy does not increase or decrease in the universe. 
D)  Fungi and plants do not make their own energy but derive it from somewhere else. 
E)  The amount of energy found in the compounds on one side of an equation is equal to that on the other side.

Question 6

Classification. The terms below relate to the movement of materials and membranes. Answer the following questions by selecting the correct term.
-Fluid with a high solute concentration relative to another fluid

Accepted Answer

A) Diffusion 
B) Hypertonic 
C) Hypotonic 
D) Isotonic 
E) Osmosis
F)Osmotic pressure
G)Turgor 
A) Diffusion 
B) Hypertonic 
C) Hypotonic 
D) Isotonic 
E) Osmosis
F)Osmotic pressure
G)Turgor

Question 7

What happens to the entropy of two atoms when a covalent bond forms between them?

Accepted Answer

A)  The entropy of both atoms decreases. 
B)  The entropy is unchanged. 
C)  One atom passes its entropy to the other. 
D)  The entropy of both atoms increases. 
E)  Entropy is formed as heat. 
A)  The entropy of both atoms decreases. 
B)  The entropy is unchanged. 
C)  One atom passes its entropy to the other. 
D)  The entropy of both atoms increases. 
E)  Entropy is formed as heat.

Question 8

What affects the rate of diffusion of solutes? 
I.Concentration gradient
II.Temperature
III.Molecular size

Accepted Answer

A)  I only 
B)  II only 
C)  I and II 
D)  II and III 
E)  I, II, and III 
A)  I only 
B)  II only 
C)  I and II 
D)  II and III 
E)  I, II, and III

Question 9

Some enzymes lower activation energy by ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  keeping substrates apart 
B)  orienting substrates randomly 
C)  breaking the laws of thermodynamics 
D)  shutting out water molecules 
E)  physically breaking chemical bonds 
A)  keeping substrates apart 
B)  orienting substrates randomly 
C)  breaking the laws of thermodynamics 
D)  shutting out water molecules 
E)  physically breaking chemical bonds

Question 10

Which of the following membrane-crossing mechanisms requires energy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Active transport 
B)  Facilitated diffusion 
C)  Simple diffusion 
D)  Passive transport 
E)  Turgor 
A)  Active transport 
B)  Facilitated diffusion 
C)  Simple diffusion 
D)  Passive transport 
E)  Turgor

Question 11

What type of energy is the energy in chemical bonds?

Accepted Answer

A)  Solar energy 
B)  Activation energy 
C)  Kinetic energy 
D)  Potential energy 
E)  Thermal energy 
A)  Solar energy 
B)  Activation energy 
C)  Kinetic energy 
D)  Potential energy 
E)  Thermal energy

Question 12

Which statement below characterizes metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are random sequences of reactions. 
B)  They are always biosynthetic. 
C)  They are always degradative. 
D)  They are enzyme-mediated sequences of reactions. 
E)  They are always linear reactions. 
A)  They are random sequences of reactions. 
B)  They are always biosynthetic. 
C)  They are always degradative. 
D)  They are enzyme-mediated sequences of reactions. 
E)  They are always linear reactions.

Question 13

A chemical interaction in which the products contain less free energy than the reactants is called a(n)____________________ reaction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A chemical interaction in which the products...

Question 14

Classification. The terms below relate to the movement of materials and membranes. Answer the following questions by selecting the correct term.
-Pressure from a fluid against a boundary that contains it

Accepted Answer

A) Diffusion 
B) Hypertonic 
C) Hypotonic 
D) Isotonic 
E) Osmosis
F)Osmotic pressure
G)Turgor 
A) Diffusion 
B) Hypertonic 
C) Hypotonic 
D) Isotonic 
E) Osmosis
F)Osmotic pressure
G)Turgor

Question 15

The active site of an enzyme ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  is where the coenzyme is located 
B)  is a specific bulge or protuberance on an enzyme 
C)  is a groove or crevice in the structure of the enzyme complementary to the substrate 
D)  will react with only one substrate no matter how many molecules may resemble the shape of the substrate 
E)  rigidly resists any alteration of its shape 
A)  is where the coenzyme is located 
B)  is a specific bulge or protuberance on an enzyme 
C)  is a groove or crevice in the structure of the enzyme complementary to the substrate 
D)  will react with only one substrate no matter how many molecules may resemble the shape of the substrate 
E)  rigidly resists any alteration of its shape

Question 16

The process by which a cell takes in a small amount of extracellular fluid by the ballooning inward of the plasma membrane is known as _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  intracellular digestion 
B)  exocytosis 
C)  endocytosis 
D)  extrusion 
E)  osmosis 
A)  intracellular digestion 
B)  exocytosis 
C)  endocytosis 
D)  extrusion 
E)  osmosis

Question 17

Which of the following will occur when a plant is placed into a hypotonic solution?

Accepted Answer

A)  It will wilt. 
B)  Some of its cells will burst. 
C)  Turgor prevents more water from entering the cells. 
D)  Water is actively pumped out of the cells. 
E)  Elastic fibers in the cell walls enable plant cells to stretch and accommodate more water. 
A)  It will wilt. 
B)  Some of its cells will burst. 
C)  Turgor prevents more water from entering the cells. 
D)  Water is actively pumped out of the cells. 
E)  Elastic fibers in the cell walls enable plant cells to stretch and accommodate more water.

Question 18

Classification. The items below are processes that occur during different cellular reaction or metabolic pathways. Answer the following questions by selecting the correct term.
-This process occurs when an electron is received by an electron acceptor molecule,such as NADP+.

Accepted Answer

A) Oxidation 
B) Reduction 
C) Phosphorylation 
D) Electron transport chain 
A) Oxidation 
B) Reduction 
C) Phosphorylation 
D) Electron transport chain

Question 19

Classification. The terms below relate to the movement of materials and membranes. Answer the following questions by selecting the correct term.
-Movement of molecules would be out of this fluid

Accepted Answer

A) Diffusion 
B) Hypertonic 
C) Hypotonic 
D) Isotonic 
E) Osmosis
F)Osmotic pressure
G)Turgor 
A) Diffusion 
B) Hypertonic 
C) Hypotonic 
D) Isotonic 
E) Osmosis
F)Osmotic pressure
G)Turgor

Question 20

In the image above,the substance indicated as C is a(n)_____.

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibitor 
B)  regulatory molecule 
C)  substrate 
D)  coenzyme 
E)  cofactor 
A)  inhibitor 
B)  regulatory molecule 
C)  substrate 
D)  coenzyme 
E)  cofactor

Exam 5: Ground Rules of Metabolism

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. -Enzyme

The second law of thermodynamics states that ____.

The mosaic of the fluid mosaic model refers to ____.

Classification. The terms below relate to the movement of materials and membranes. Answer the following questions by selecting the correct term. -Movement of molecules would be into this fluid

What statement is an application of the first law of thermodynamics?

Classification. The terms below relate to the movement of materials and membranes. Answer the following questions by selecting the correct term. -Fluid with a high solute concentration relative to another fluid

What happens to the entropy of two atoms when a covalent bond forms between them?

What affects the rate of diffusion of solutes? I.Concentration gradient II.Temperature III.Molecular size

Some enzymes lower activation energy by ____.

Which of the following membrane-crossing mechanisms requires energy?

What type of energy is the energy in chemical bonds?

Which statement below characterizes metabolic pathways?

A chemical interaction in which the products contain less free energy than the reactants is called a(n)____________________ reaction.

Classification. The terms below relate to the movement of materials and membranes. Answer the following questions by selecting the correct term. -Pressure from a fluid against a boundary that contains it

The active site of an enzyme ____.

The process by which a cell takes in a small amount of extracellular fluid by the ballooning inward of the plasma membrane is known as _______.

Which of the following will occur when a plant is placed into a hypotonic solution?

Classification. The items below are processes that occur during different cellular reaction or metabolic pathways. Answer the following questions by selecting the correct term. -This process occurs when an electron is received by an electron acceptor molecule,such as NADP+.

Classification. The terms below relate to the movement of materials and membranes. Answer the following questions by selecting the correct term. -Movement of molecules would be out of this fluid

In the image above,the substance indicated as C is a(n)_____.

Invitation to Biology

Life's Chemical Bases

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure

Where it Starts—Photosynthesis

How Cells Release Chemical Energy

DNA Structure and Function

From DNA to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

How Cells Reproduce

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Observing Patterns in Inherited Traits

Chromosomes and Human Inheritance

Studying and Manipulating Genomes

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Organizing Information about Species

Life's Origin and Early Evolution

Viruses, Bacteria, and Archaea

Protists: The Simplest Eukaryotes

The Land Plants

Fungi

Animal Evolution: The Invertebrates

Animal Evolution: The Chordates

Human Evolution

Plant Tissues

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Life Cycles of Flowering Plants

Communication Strategies in Plants

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

Neural Control

Sensory Perception

Endocrine Control

Structural Support and Movement

Circulation

Immunity

Respiration

Digestion and Nutrition

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Animal Reproductive System

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Human Impacts on the Biosphere

Filters