Question 1

What is the most probable basis for the evolution of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacteria can be taken up by host cells. 
B)  Light is an energy source. 
C)  ATP can carry energy. 
D)  Oxygen is a by-product of photosynthesis. 
E)  Energy can be transformed from one form to another. 
A)  Bacteria can be taken up by host cells. 
B)  Light is an energy source. 
C)  ATP can carry energy. 
D)  Oxygen is a by-product of photosynthesis. 
E)  Energy can be transformed from one form to another. A

Question 2

__________ is a field of study concerned with the origins,evolution,and persistence of life on Earth as it relates to life in the universe.

Accepted Answer

Astrobiology

Question 3

The formation of amino acids under abiotic conditions was important because they serve as ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a supply of structural units for proteins 
B)  enzymes to catalyze reactions 
C)  subunits in the formation of DNA 
D)  subunits in the formation of RNA 
E)  subunits for the formation of lipids 
A)  a supply of structural units for proteins 
B)  enzymes to catalyze reactions 
C)  subunits in the formation of DNA 
D)  subunits in the formation of RNA 
E)  subunits for the formation of lipids A

Question 4

The hypothesis that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from bacteria is called

Accepted Answer

A)  endosymbiont hypothesis. 
B)  RNA world hypothesis. 
C)  ribozyme engulfment hypothesis. 
D)  exosymbiont hypothesis. 
E)  organellization hypothesis. 
A)  endosymbiont hypothesis. 
B)  RNA world hypothesis. 
C)  ribozyme engulfment hypothesis. 
D)  exosymbiont hypothesis. 
E)  organellization hypothesis.

Question 5

Choose the most appropriate statement that matches each term.
-LUCA

Accepted Answer

A) energy source of the first living organisms 
B) simple transitional forms between early organic compounds and the first living cells 
C) have similar genes for energy metabolism to eukaryotes 
D) first organisms with the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis 
E) store DNA wrapped around histones, like eukaryotes
F)in eukaryotes, indicated by a mix of bacterial and archaeal traits
G)rocky structures containing fossil remains of photoautotrophic bacteria
H)RNAs that function as enzymes
I)all living organisms descended from this prokaryotic, anaerobic ancestral species 
A) energy source of the first living organisms 
B) simple transitional forms between early organic compounds and the first living cells 
C) have similar genes for energy metabolism to eukaryotes 
D) first organisms with the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis 
E) store DNA wrapped around histones, like eukaryotes
F)in eukaryotes, indicated by a mix of bacterial and archaeal traits
G)rocky structures containing fossil remains of photoautotrophic bacteria
H)RNAs that function as enzymes
I)all living organisms descended from this prokaryotic, anaerobic ancestral species

Question 6

The first cells were ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  autotrophic 
B)  parasitic 
C)  anaerobic 
D)  aerobic 
E)  necrotic 
A)  autotrophic 
B)  parasitic 
C)  anaerobic 
D)  aerobic 
E)  necrotic

Question 7

Which process is NOT associated with structures that are formed from the extensive infolding of eukaryotic membranes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Concentration of nutrients 
B)  Cell division 
C)  Transport of proteins 
D)  Protection of metabolic machinery 
E)  Greater surface area for metabolism 
A)  Concentration of nutrients 
B)  Cell division 
C)  Transport of proteins 
D)  Protection of metabolic machinery 
E)  Greater surface area for metabolism

Question 8

Choose the proper item below for the following statements.
-He/she conducted the first primitive atmosphere simulation experiment.

Accepted Answer

A) Jack Szostak 
B) Stanley Miller 
C) Kwang Jeon 
D) Leslie Orgel 
E) Oliver Hardy 
A) Jack Szostak 
B) Stanley Miller 
C) Kwang Jeon 
D) Leslie Orgel 
E) Oliver Hardy

Question 9

Chloroplasts are thought to have originated as endosymbiotic associations when aerobic bacteria engulfed photosynthetic cells.This relationship was favored by the production of ____ by the endosymbiont.

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose 
B)  hydrogen ions 
C)  ATP 
D)  oxygen 
E)  water 
A)  glucose 
B)  hydrogen ions 
C)  ATP 
D)  oxygen 
E)  water

Question 10

Which step in the evolution of life is the most complex and probably occurred last?

Accepted Answer

A)  Formation of amino acids 
B)  Formation of protein-RNA systems 
C)  Formation of membrane-bound protocells 
D)  Spontaneous formation of organic compounds under abiotic conditions 
E)  Formation of ATP 
A)  Formation of amino acids 
B)  Formation of protein-RNA systems 
C)  Formation of membrane-bound protocells 
D)  Spontaneous formation of organic compounds under abiotic conditions 
E)  Formation of ATP

Question 11

The upper atmospheric region rich in ozone (O3)that screens out incoming ultraviolet (UV)radiation is called

Accepted Answer

A)  proterozoic region. 
B)  stratosphere. 
C)  ozone layer. 
D)  troposphere. 
E)  radiosphere. 
A)  proterozoic region. 
B)  stratosphere. 
C)  ozone layer. 
D)  troposphere. 
E)  radiosphere.

Question 12

RNA is believed to have preceded DNA because _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA contains thymine and RNA does not. 
B)  DNA is double stranded and requires more components. 
C)  DNA can store more protein-building instructions in less space. 
D)  RNA can also function as an enzyme. 
E)  RNA cannot replicate itself. 
A)  DNA contains thymine and RNA does not. 
B)  DNA is double stranded and requires more components. 
C)  DNA can store more protein-building instructions in less space. 
D)  RNA can also function as an enzyme. 
E)  RNA cannot replicate itself.

Question 13

The by-product of the metabolism of cyanobacteria that had the most effect on the further evolution of life is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen gas 
B)  carbon dioxide 
C)  water 
D)  nitrogen gas 
E)  hydrogen gas 
A)  oxygen gas 
B)  carbon dioxide 
C)  water 
D)  nitrogen gas 
E)  hydrogen gas

Question 14

The folding inward of the plasma membrane of an ancestral prokaryote likely evolved into ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the Golgi apparatus 
B)  protists 
C)  DNA 
D)  the nucleus 
E)  mitochondria 
A)  the Golgi apparatus 
B)  protists 
C)  DNA 
D)  the nucleus 
E)  mitochondria

Question 15

Four of the following statement about protocells are true.Which statement is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are simple membrane-bound sacs. 
B)  They contain DNA. 
C)  They are able to engage in metabolism. 
D)  They are able to reproduce. 
E)  They are able to capture energy. 
A)  They are simple membrane-bound sacs. 
B)  They contain DNA. 
C)  They are able to engage in metabolism. 
D)  They are able to reproduce. 
E)  They are able to capture energy.

Question 16

_________ and __________suggested that RNA may have been the first molecule to encode genetic information.

Accepted Answer

Francis Cr

Question 17

Choose the most appropriate statement that matches each term.
-stromatolites

Accepted Answer

A) energy source of the first living organisms 
B) simple transitional forms between early organic compounds and the first living cells 
C) have similar genes for energy metabolism to eukaryotes 
D) first organisms with the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis 
E) store DNA wrapped around histones, like eukaryotes
F)in eukaryotes, indicated by a mix of bacterial and archaeal traits
G)rocky structures containing fossil remains of photoautotrophic bacteria
H)RNAs that function as enzymes
I)all living organisms descended from this prokaryotic, anaerobic ancestral species 
A) energy source of the first living organisms 
B) simple transitional forms between early organic compounds and the first living cells 
C) have similar genes for energy metabolism to eukaryotes 
D) first organisms with the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis 
E) store DNA wrapped around histones, like eukaryotes
F)in eukaryotes, indicated by a mix of bacterial and archaeal traits
G)rocky structures containing fossil remains of photoautotrophic bacteria
H)RNAs that function as enzymes
I)all living organisms descended from this prokaryotic, anaerobic ancestral species

Question 18

The earliest type of eukaryotic organism currently known is a type of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  virus 
B)  bacterium 
C)  Alga 
D)  animal-like protist 
E)  fungus 
A)  virus 
B)  bacterium 
C)  Alga 
D)  animal-like protist 
E)  fungus

Question 19

Four the following statements are true about the mitochondrion.Which statement is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has its own DNA. 
B)  It has internal membranes. 
C)  It evolved from chloroplasts. 
D)  It resembles bacteria in structure. 
E)  It resembles bacteria in size. 
A)  It has its own DNA. 
B)  It has internal membranes. 
C)  It evolved from chloroplasts. 
D)  It resembles bacteria in structure. 
E)  It resembles bacteria in size.

Question 20

The first eukaryotic fossils are dated to about ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  2.7 billion years ago 
B)  1.8 billion years ago 
C)  1.5 billion years ago 
D)  750 million years ago 
E)  201 million years ago 
A)  2.7 billion years ago 
B)  1.8 billion years ago 
C)  1.5 billion years ago 
D)  750 million years ago 
E)  201 million years ago

Exam 19: Life's Origin and Early Evolution

What is the most probable basis for the evolution of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

__________ is a field of study concerned with the origins,evolution,and persistence of life on Earth as it relates to life in the universe.

The formation of amino acids under abiotic conditions was important because they serve as ____.

The hypothesis that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from bacteria is called

Choose the most appropriate statement that matches each term. -LUCA

The first cells were ____.

Which process is NOT associated with structures that are formed from the extensive infolding of eukaryotic membranes?

Choose the proper item below for the following statements. -He/she conducted the first primitive atmosphere simulation experiment.

Chloroplasts are thought to have originated as endosymbiotic associations when aerobic bacteria engulfed photosynthetic cells.This relationship was favored by the production of ____ by the endosymbiont.

Which step in the evolution of life is the most complex and probably occurred last?

The upper atmospheric region rich in ozone (O3)that screens out incoming ultraviolet (UV)radiation is called

RNA is believed to have preceded DNA because _____.

The by-product of the metabolism of cyanobacteria that had the most effect on the further evolution of life is ____.

The folding inward of the plasma membrane of an ancestral prokaryote likely evolved into ____.

Four of the following statement about protocells are true.Which statement is false?

_________ and __________suggested that RNA may have been the first molecule to encode genetic information.

Choose the most appropriate statement that matches each term. -stromatolites

The earliest type of eukaryotic organism currently known is a type of ____.

Four the following statements are true about the mitochondrion.Which statement is false?

The first eukaryotic fossils are dated to about ____.

Invitation to Biology

Life's Chemical Bases

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure

Ground Rules of Metabolism

Where it Starts—Photosynthesis

How Cells Release Chemical Energy

DNA Structure and Function

From DNA to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

How Cells Reproduce

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Observing Patterns in Inherited Traits

Chromosomes and Human Inheritance

Studying and Manipulating Genomes

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Organizing Information about Species

Viruses, Bacteria, and Archaea

Protists: The Simplest Eukaryotes

The Land Plants

Fungi

Animal Evolution: The Invertebrates

Animal Evolution: The Chordates

Human Evolution

Plant Tissues

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Life Cycles of Flowering Plants

Communication Strategies in Plants

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

Neural Control

Sensory Perception

Endocrine Control

Structural Support and Movement

Circulation

Immunity

Respiration

Digestion and Nutrition

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Animal Reproductive System

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Human Impacts on the Biosphere

Filters

_ and __suggested that RNA may have been the first molecule to encode genetic information.