Exam 16: Regression Models for Nonlinear Relationships

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The cubic regression model allows for ________ change(s) in slope.

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two

In which of the following models does the slope coefficient b1 measure the approximate percentage change in In which of the following models does the slope coefficient b<sub>1</sub> measure the approximate percentage change in   when x increases by 1%? when x increases by 1%?

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Thirty employed single individuals were randomly selected to examine the relationship between their age (Age) and their credit card debt (Debt) expressed as a percentage of their annual income. Three polynomial models were applied and the following table summarizes Excel's regression results. Thirty employed single individuals were randomly selected to examine the relationship between their age (Age) and their credit card debt (Debt) expressed as a percentage of their annual income. Three polynomial models were applied and the following table summarizes Excel's regression results.   For the cubic model, Debt = β<sub>0</sub>+ β<sub>1</sub>Age + β<sub>2</sub>Age<sup>2</sup><sup>+ β</sup><sub>3</sub>Age<sup>3</sup>+ ε, the following Excel partial output is available. What is the conclusion when testing the individual significance of Age<sup>3</sup>?   For the cubic model, Debt = β0+ β1Age + β2Age2+ β3Age3+ ε, the following Excel partial output is available. What is the conclusion when testing the individual significance of Age3? Thirty employed single individuals were randomly selected to examine the relationship between their age (Age) and their credit card debt (Debt) expressed as a percentage of their annual income. Three polynomial models were applied and the following table summarizes Excel's regression results.   For the cubic model, Debt = β<sub>0</sub>+ β<sub>1</sub>Age + β<sub>2</sub>Age<sup>2</sup><sup>+ β</sup><sub>3</sub>Age<sup>3</sup>+ ε, the following Excel partial output is available. What is the conclusion when testing the individual significance of Age<sup>3</sup>?

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Do not reject H0: β3 = 0; we cannot conclude Age3 is significant. We cannot conclude that the cubic model is better than the quadratic model.

To compute the coefficient of determination R2 we have to use Excel's ________ function first to compute the correlation between y and To compute the coefficient of determination R<sup>2 </sup>we have to use Excel's ________ function first to compute the correlation between y and   . .

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The scatterplot shown below represents a typical shape of a cubic regression model y = β0 + β1x + β2x2 + β3x3 + ε. The scatterplot shown below represents a typical shape of a cubic regression model y = β<sub>0</sub> + β<sub>1</sub>x + β<sub>2</sub>x<sup>2</sup> + β<sub>3</sub>x<sup>3</sup> + ε.   Which of the following is a predicted value   if x is equal to 12? Which of the following is a predicted value The scatterplot shown below represents a typical shape of a cubic regression model y = β<sub>0</sub> + β<sub>1</sub>x + β<sub>2</sub>x<sup>2</sup> + β<sub>3</sub>x<sup>3</sup> + ε.   Which of the following is a predicted value   if x is equal to 12? if x is equal to 12?

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The curve representing the regression equation The curve representing the regression equation   = b<sub>0</sub> + b<sub>1</sub>x + b<sub>2</sub>x<sup>2</sup> has a U-shape if b<sub>2</sub> < 0. = b0 + b1x + b2x2 has a U-shape if b2 < 0.

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Typically, the sales volume declines with an increase of a product price. It has been observed, however, that for some luxury goods the sales volume may increase when the price increases. The following scatterplot illustrates this rather unusual relationship. Typically, the sales volume declines with an increase of a product price. It has been observed, however, that for some luxury goods the sales volume may increase when the price increases. The following scatterplot illustrates this rather unusual relationship.   For which of the following two prices are the sales predicted by the quadratic regression equation equal 1700 units? For which of the following two prices are the sales predicted by the quadratic regression equation equal 1700 units?

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The fit of the regression equations The fit of the regression equations   = b<sub>0</sub> + b<sub>1</sub>x + b<sub>2</sub>x<sup>2</sup> and   = b<sub>0</sub> + b<sub>1</sub>x + b<sub>2</sub>x<sup>2</sup> + b<sub>3</sub>x<sup>3 </sup>can be compared using the coefficient of determination R<sup>2</sup>. = b0 + b1x + b2x2 and The fit of the regression equations   = b<sub>0</sub> + b<sub>1</sub>x + b<sub>2</sub>x<sup>2</sup> and   = b<sub>0</sub> + b<sub>1</sub>x + b<sub>2</sub>x<sup>2</sup> + b<sub>3</sub>x<sup>3 </sup>can be compared using the coefficient of determination R<sup>2</sup>. = b0 + b1x + b2x2 + b3x3 can be compared using the coefficient of determination R2.

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For the exponential model ln(y) = β0 + β1x + ε, if x increases by one unit, then E(y) changes by approximately

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Typically, the sales volume declines with an increase of a product price. It has been observed, however, that for some luxury goods the sales volume may increase when the price increases. The following scatterplot illustrates this rather unusual relationship. Typically, the sales volume declines with an increase of a product price. It has been observed, however, that for some luxury goods the sales volume may increase when the price increases. The following scatterplot illustrates this rather unusual relationship.   For the considered range of the price, the relationship between Price and Sales should be described by a ________. For the considered range of the price, the relationship between Price and Sales should be described by a ________.

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For the quadratic equation For the quadratic equation   = b<sub>0</sub> + b<sub>1</sub>x + b<sub>2</sub>x<sup>2</sup>, which of the following expressions must be zero in order to minimize or maximize the predicted y? = b0 + b1x + b2x2, which of the following expressions must be zero in order to minimize or maximize the predicted y?

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The logarithmic and log-log models, y = β0 + β1ln(x) + ε and ln(y) = β0 + β1 ln(x) + ε, were fit given data on y and x, and the following table summarizes the regression results. Which of the two models provides a better fit? The logarithmic and log-log models, y = β<sub>0</sub> + β<sub>1</sub>ln(x) + ε and ln(y) = β<sub>0</sub> + β<sub>1</sub> ln(x) + ε, were fit given data on y and x, and the following table summarizes the regression results. Which of the two models provides a better fit?

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Although allowing for nonlinear trends, polynomials are still linear in the ________.

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Which of the following regression models is most likely to provide the best fit for the data represented by the following scatterplot? Which of the following regression models is most likely to provide the best fit for the data represented by the following scatterplot?

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What R function is used to fit a quadratic regression model?

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The regression model ln(y) = β0 + β1x + ε is called an exponential model.

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It is believed that the sales volume of one-liter Pepsi bottles depends on the price of the bottle and the price of a one-liter bottle of Coca-Cola. The following data have been collected for a certain sales region. It is believed that the sales volume of one-liter Pepsi bottles depends on the price of the bottle and the price of a one-liter bottle of Coca-Cola. The following data have been collected for a certain sales region.   The linear model Pepsi Sales = β<sub>0</sub> + β<sub>1</sub>Pepsi Price + β<sub>2</sub>Cola Price + ε and the log-log model ln(Pepsi Sales) = β<sub>0</sub> + β<sub>1</sub>ln(Pepsi Price) + β<sub>2</sub>ln(Cola Price) + ε have been estimated as follows:   For the log-log model, interpret the estimated coefficient for ln(Pepsi Price). The linear model Pepsi Sales = β0 + β1Pepsi Price + β2Cola Price + ε and the log-log model ln(Pepsi Sales) = β0 + β1ln(Pepsi Price) + β2ln(Cola Price) + ε have been estimated as follows: It is believed that the sales volume of one-liter Pepsi bottles depends on the price of the bottle and the price of a one-liter bottle of Coca-Cola. The following data have been collected for a certain sales region.   The linear model Pepsi Sales = β<sub>0</sub> + β<sub>1</sub>Pepsi Price + β<sub>2</sub>Cola Price + ε and the log-log model ln(Pepsi Sales) = β<sub>0</sub> + β<sub>1</sub>ln(Pepsi Price) + β<sub>2</sub>ln(Cola Price) + ε have been estimated as follows:   For the log-log model, interpret the estimated coefficient for ln(Pepsi Price). For the log-log model, interpret the estimated coefficient for ln(Pepsi Price).

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The linear and logarithmic models, y = β0 + β1x + ε and y = β0 + β1 ln(x) + ε, were fit given data on y and x, and the following table summarizes the regression results. Which of the two models provides a better fit? The linear and logarithmic models, y = β<sub>0</sub> + β<sub>1</sub>x + ε and y = β<sub>0</sub> + β<sub>1</sub> ln(x) + ε, were fit given data on y and x, and the following table summarizes the regression results. Which of the two models provides a better fit?

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Thirty employed single individuals were randomly selected to examine the relationship between their age (Age) and their credit card debt (Debt) expressed as a percentage of their annual income. Three polynomial models were applied and the following table summarizes Excel's regression results. Thirty employed single individuals were randomly selected to examine the relationship between their age (Age) and their credit card debt (Debt) expressed as a percentage of their annual income. Three polynomial models were applied and the following table summarizes Excel's regression results.   If you impose the restrictions β<sub>2</sub> = β<sub>3</sub> = 0 on the model Debt = β<sub>0</sub> + β<sub>1</sub>Age + β<sub>2</sub>Age<sup>2 </sup><sup>+ β</sup><sub>3</sub>Age<sup>3 </sup>+ ε, what will be the sum of the squared errors (SSE<sub>R</sub>) computed for the restricted model? If you impose the restrictions β2 = β3 = 0 on the model Debt = β0 + β1Age + β2Age2 + β3Age3 + ε, what will be the sum of the squared errors (SSER) computed for the restricted model?

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It is believed that the sales volume of one-liter Pepsi bottles depends on the price of the bottle and the price of a one-liter bottle of Coca-Cola. The following data have been collected for a certain sales region. It is believed that the sales volume of one-liter Pepsi bottles depends on the price of the bottle and the price of a one-liter bottle of Coca-Cola. The following data have been collected for a certain sales region.   The linear model Pepsi Sales = β<sub>0</sub> + β<sub>1</sub>Pepsi Price + β<sub>2</sub>Cola Price + ε and the log-log model ln(Pepsi Sales) = β<sub>0</sub> + β<sub>1</sub>ln(Pepsi Price) + β<sub>2</sub>ln(Cola Price) + ε have been estimated as follows:   Using Excel or R, which of the two models provides a better fit? The linear model Pepsi Sales = β0 + β1Pepsi Price + β2Cola Price + ε and the log-log model ln(Pepsi Sales) = β0 + β1ln(Pepsi Price) + β2ln(Cola Price) + ε have been estimated as follows: It is believed that the sales volume of one-liter Pepsi bottles depends on the price of the bottle and the price of a one-liter bottle of Coca-Cola. The following data have been collected for a certain sales region.   The linear model Pepsi Sales = β<sub>0</sub> + β<sub>1</sub>Pepsi Price + β<sub>2</sub>Cola Price + ε and the log-log model ln(Pepsi Sales) = β<sub>0</sub> + β<sub>1</sub>ln(Pepsi Price) + β<sub>2</sub>ln(Cola Price) + ε have been estimated as follows:   Using Excel or R, which of the two models provides a better fit? Using Excel or R, which of the two models provides a better fit?

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