Question 1

Psychology is best defined as the study of personality and emotional well-being.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Deception,invasion of privacy,and lasting harm are considerations in the

Accepted Answer

A) justification for doing non­laboratory,or "real world" experiments. 
B) control of dependent variables in a field experiment. 
C) determination of the degree of placebo effect. 
D) ethics of behavioral research. 
A) justification for doing non­laboratory,or "real world" experiments. 
B) control of dependent variables in a field experiment. 
C) determination of the degree of placebo effect. 
D) ethics of behavioral research. D

Question 3

An engineering psychologist helps redesign a car to make it safer and more fuel efficient.The psychologist's work reflects which of psychology's goals?

Accepted Answer

A) description 
B) understanding 
C) prediction 
D) control 
A) description 
B) understanding 
C) prediction 
D) control D

Question 4

Critical thinking involves

Accepted Answer

A) using conventional wisdom and common sense. 
B) a reliance on the opinions of experts. 
C) a willingness to actively reflect on ideas. 
D) all of these. 
A) using conventional wisdom and common sense. 
B) a reliance on the opinions of experts. 
C) a willingness to actively reflect on ideas. 
D) all of these.

Question 5

In a scholarly article in the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,Conlon and his colleagues described the question they investigated,the methods they used,and the results of their study comparing goal-focused and achievement-focused dieters.This part of the scientific method is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) defining the problem. 
B) hypothesis discussion. 
C) publishing results. 
D) theoretical projection. 
A) defining the problem. 
B) hypothesis discussion. 
C) publishing results. 
D) theoretical projection.

Question 6

A systematic process for answering scientific questions is called

Accepted Answer

A) a research method. 
B) a scientific deduction. 
C) the induction method. 
D) the analytical method. 
A) a research method. 
B) a scientific deduction. 
C) the induction method. 
D) the analytical method.

Question 7

Scientific observations have shown which of the following statements to be TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Men and women do not communicate very differently. 
B) Some people are left-brained and some are right-brained. 
C) Subliminal advertising really does work. 
D) Commonsense theories are usually the basis for most of our psychological theories today. 
A) Men and women do not communicate very differently. 
B) Some people are left-brained and some are right-brained. 
C) Subliminal advertising really does work. 
D) Commonsense theories are usually the basis for most of our psychological theories today.

Question 8

The implications of the study and proposals for future research would be found in which section of a research report?

Accepted Answer

A) results 
B) introduction 
C) method 
D) discussion 
A) results 
B) introduction 
C) method 
D) discussion

Question 9

According to the ethical guidelines for psychological researchers,deception can never be used during experimentation with human subjects.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

When current knowledge about an individual and his or her environment can be used to accurately forecast behavior at another time or in another setting,which scientific goal has been achieved?

Accepted Answer

A) description 
B) understanding 
C) prediction 
D) control 
A) description 
B) understanding 
C) prediction 
D) control

Question 11

According to your textbook,which of the following is considered to be a pseudopsychology?

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive psychology 
B) behaviorism 
C) Gestalt psychology 
D) astrology 
A) cognitive psychology 
B) behaviorism 
C) Gestalt psychology 
D) astrology

Question 12

Information gained from direct observation and measurement defines

Accepted Answer

A) introspective data. 
B) subjective data. 
C) a scientific hypothesis. 
D) empirical evidence. 
A) introspective data. 
B) subjective data. 
C) a scientific hypothesis. 
D) empirical evidence.

Question 13

After an industrial-organizational psychologist made his initial observations regarding the stress experienced by game designers,he began the second step in the scientific method,which involved

Accepted Answer

A) theory building. 
B) defining the problem. 
C) testing the hypothesis. 
D) critiquing anecdotal evidence. 
A) theory building. 
B) defining the problem. 
C) testing the hypothesis. 
D) critiquing anecdotal evidence.

Question 14

Phrenology involved the reading of the lines on one's palm to reveal personality and predict the future.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

You are less likely to receive help if you have car trouble on a busy freeway than if you have car trouble on a sparsely traveled two-lane highway.Your ability to foretell your likelihood of receiving help illustrates the goal of

Accepted Answer

A) description 
B) prediction 
C) understanding 
D) control 
A) description 
B) prediction 
C) understanding 
D) control

Question 16

The results of a study become more credible when other researchers

Accepted Answer

A) define them. 
B) replicate them. 
C) accept them. 
D) relate them to common sense. 
A) define them. 
B) replicate them. 
C) accept them. 
D) relate them to common sense.

Question 17

Dr.Johan read the results of a study on conversational patterns of men and women that was conducted with college student participants.He decides to repeat this experiment using middle­aged and older adults.Dr.Johan's study would be considered a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) operational revision. 
B) replication. 
C) confirmation bias. 
D) double-blind. 
A) operational revision. 
B) replication. 
C) confirmation bias. 
D) double-blind.

Question 18

Which of the following behaviors can best be described as overt behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) watching a TV game show 
B) thinking about the answer to a contestant's question 
C) being sad that the contestant answered incorrectly 
D) wondering if there are any frozen waffles left in the freezer 
A) watching a TV game show 
B) thinking about the answer to a contestant's question 
C) being sad that the contestant answered incorrectly 
D) wondering if there are any frozen waffles left in the freezer

Question 19

Your best friend passes you in the school hallway and glares at you without speaking.You think,"Now,why did she do that?" One possible explanation could be that she saw you flirting with her boyfriend.Within the framework of the scientific method,this possible explanation for your friend's behavior will remain tentative until it is tested by your asking your friend why she did not speak.Thus,this tentative,possible explanation would be considered a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) theory. 
B) operational definition. 
C) hypothesis. 
D) relative certainty. 
A) theory. 
B) operational definition. 
C) hypothesis. 
D) relative certainty.

Question 20

Regarding the popular pseudopsychology of astrology,which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) In a famous test,astrologers were able to accurately distinguish murderers from law-abiding people based on their horoscopes. 
B) A connection has been found between one's astrological sign and leadership,physical characteristics,and career choices. 
C) Couples whose astrological signs are compatible have a lower divorce rate than those couples with incompatible signs. 
D) Since astrology was first set up,the zodiac has shifted in the sky by one full constellation. 
A) In a famous test,astrologers were able to accurately distinguish murderers from law-abiding people based on their horoscopes. 
B) A connection has been found between one's astrological sign and leadership,physical characteristics,and career choices. 
C) Couples whose astrological signs are compatible have a lower divorce rate than those couples with incompatible signs. 
D) Since astrology was first set up,the zodiac has shifted in the sky by one full constellation.

Exam 3: Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science

Psychology is best defined as the study of personality and emotional well-being.

Deception,invasion of privacy,and lasting harm are considerations in the

An engineering psychologist helps redesign a car to make it safer and more fuel efficient.The psychologist's work reflects which of psychology's goals?

Critical thinking involves

In a scholarly article in the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,Conlon and his colleagues described the question they investigated,the methods they used,and the results of their study comparing goal-focused and achievement-focused dieters.This part of the scientific method is referred to as

A systematic process for answering scientific questions is called

Scientific observations have shown which of the following statements to be TRUE?

The implications of the study and proposals for future research would be found in which section of a research report?

According to the ethical guidelines for psychological researchers,deception can never be used during experimentation with human subjects.

When current knowledge about an individual and his or her environment can be used to accurately forecast behavior at another time or in another setting,which scientific goal has been achieved?

According to your textbook,which of the following is considered to be a pseudopsychology?

Information gained from direct observation and measurement defines

After an industrial-organizational psychologist made his initial observations regarding the stress experienced by game designers,he began the second step in the scientific method,which involved

Phrenology involved the reading of the lines on one's palm to reveal personality and predict the future.

You are less likely to receive help if you have car trouble on a busy freeway than if you have car trouble on a sparsely traveled two-lane highway.Your ability to foretell your likelihood of receiving help illustrates the goal of

The results of a study become more credible when other researchers

Dr.Johan read the results of a study on conversational patterns of men and women that was conducted with college student participants.He decides to repeat this experiment using middle­aged and older adults.Dr.Johan's study would be considered a(n)

Which of the following behaviors can best be described as overt behavior?

Regarding the popular pseudopsychology of astrology,which of the following statements is TRUE?

Introduction

How to Study Psychology

Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now

Introducing Psychology: the Psychology Experiment

Introducing Psychology: Non-Experimental Research Methods

Psychology in Action: Thinking Critically About the Media

Brain and Behavior: Neurons and the Nervous System

Brain and Behavior: Brain Research

Brain and Behavior: Hemispheres and Lobes of the Cortex

Brain and Behavior: Sub-Cortex and Endocrine System

Psychology in Action: Handedness

Human Development: Heredity and Environment

Human Development: Emotional and Social Development in Childhood

Human Development: Language and Cognitive Development in Childhood

Human Development: Adolescence and Adulthood

Psychology in Action: Well-Being and Happiness

Sensation and Perception: Sensory Processes

Sensation and Perception: Vision

Sensation and Perception: The Other Senses

Sensation and Perception: Perceptual Processes

Sensation and Perception: Perception and Objectivity

Psychology in Action: Extrasensory Perception

Consciousness: States of Consciousness

Consciousness: Sleep and Dreams

Consciousness: Psychoactive Drugs

Psychology in Action: Exploring and Using Dreams

Conditioning and Learning: Types of Learning

Conditioning and Learning: Classical Conditioning

Conditioning and Learning: Operant Conditioning

Conditioning and Learning: Reinforcement and Punishment

Psychology in Action: Behavioral Self-Management

Memory: Memory Systems

Memory: Forgetting

Memory: Exceptional Memory and Improving Memory

Psychology in Action: Mnemonics

Cognition and Intelligence: Imagery, Concepts, and Language

Cognition and Intelligence: Problem Solving

Cognition and Intelligence: Creative Thinking and Intuition

Cognition and Intelligence: Intelligence

Psychology in Action: Enhancing Creativity

Motivation and Emotion: Overview of Motives and Emotions

Motivation and Emotion: Motivation in Detail

Motivation and Emotion: Emotion in Detail

Psychology in Action: Emotional Intelligence

Human Sexuality: Sexual Development and Orientation

Human Sexuality: Gender Development, Androgyny, and Gender Variance

Human Sexuality: Sexual Behavior, Response, and Attitudes

Psychology in Action: Sexual Problems

Personality: Overview of Personality

Personality: Trait Theories

Personality: Psychoanalytic and Humanistic Theories

Personality: Behavioral and Social Learning Theories

Psychology in Action: Understanding Shyness

Health, Stress, and Coping: Health Psychology

Health, Stress, and Coping: Stress, Frustration, and Conflict

Health, Stress, and Coping: Defenses, Helplessness, and Depression

Health, Stress, and Coping: Stress and Health

Psychology in Action: Stress Management

Psychological Disorders: Normality and Psychopathology

Psychological Disorders: Psychosis, Delusional Disorders, and Schizophrenia

Dr.Johan read the results of a study on conversational patterns of men and women that was conducted with college student participants.He decides to repeat this experiment using middleaged and older adults.Dr.Johan's study would be considered a(n)