Exam 38: Cognition and Intelligence: Problem Solving

In an example from your textbook,subjects were exposed to the following problem: A $5 bill is placed on a table and a stack of objects is balanced precariously on top of the bill.The problem is to remove the $5 bill without touching or moving any of the objects on top of it.The best solution to this problem involves tearing the money.People who fail to solve this problem because they were taught that it is "taboo" to destroy "things of value" are probably experiencing which barrier to problem-solving?

Whitney tells her friend Jan that she can wear the extra jacket that she keeps in her car.Whitney hands Jan her keys and heads off to class.Jan heads to Whitney's car with the set of eight keys.She looks at the keys,noting that two are too small to be car keys,and then she looks for any key that might have a symbol associated with a particular car.She finds two keys that have a shape on them like the hood ornament on Whitney's car.So,these will be the only two keys of the eight that she will try.To solve this "key" problem,Jan used

Identifying how the current state of affairs differs from the desired goal and then finding steps that will reduce the difference would be an example of a(n) _______ strategy.

A mechanical solution is achieved by using all of the following EXCEPT

When a person uses fables and stories from their particular culture to solve new problems,such as using the Hansel and Gretel story to solve the problem of not getting lost in a cave,the person is using

As compared to novices,experts tend to

A detailed,practical,and workable solution to a problem is called a _______ solution.

Insight tends to be based on reorganizing the problem.

Regarding expert and novice chess players,which of the following statements is TRUE?

A truck gets stuck under a bridge.Several tow trucks are unable to pull it out.At last a little boy walks up and asks the red-faced adults trying to free the truck why they haven't let the air out of the truck's tires.Their oversight was due to

Seeing the world without preconceptions tends to lead to

Selective combination,selective comparison,and selective encoding are all related to

In problem solving,the tendency to repeat wrong solutions or faulty responses,especially as a result of becoming blind to alternatives,is called _______.

Which of the following is another example of trial-and-error thinking that may work if the number of alternatives is small and involves trying all possibilities in a more or less arbitrary or unsystematic order?

According to Psychologist Janet Davidson,the three abilities involved in insight are

Selective encoding is the

Regarding barriers to problem solving,the fear of making a fool of oneself or of making a mistake would be a(n) __________ barrier.

Solutions by understanding depend on

Which of the following differentiates insightful solutions from other forms of problem-solving?

Often when children are first introduced to mathematical word problems,they begin adding the two numbers listed within the problem rather than paying attention to the most important part of the problem,which asks "How many will you have LEFT?" This illustrates which barrier to problem solving?