Question 1

Regarding the visual perception of babies,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Just hours after they are born,babies begin to prefer seeing their mother's face rather than a stranger's. 
B) At six months old,babies are able to recognize categories of objects that differ in shape or color. 
C) At age seven months,babies are able to see as well as their parents. 
D) At nine months old,babies are able to tell the difference between dogs and birds or other groups of animals. 
A) Just hours after they are born,babies begin to prefer seeing their mother's face rather than a stranger's. 
B) At six months old,babies are able to recognize categories of objects that differ in shape or color. 
C) At age seven months,babies are able to see as well as their parents. 
D) At nine months old,babies are able to tell the difference between dogs and birds or other groups of animals. C

Question 2

Impoverished children tend to be sick more often and show poorer school performance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Jeffery is 16 months old,and his mother has spent almost every waking moment of the last three weeks trying to toilet-train Jeffery.However,Jeffery has shown no improvement.Jeffery's mother should be told that toilet training as well as other milestones in development are governed by the

Accepted Answer

A) habituation of the child. 
B) child's assimilation pattern. 
C) child's readiness. 
D) quality and quantity of the training. 
A) habituation of the child. 
B) child's assimilation pattern. 
C) child's readiness. 
D) quality and quantity of the training. C

Question 4

Lance is a newborn infant.During the first weeks following birth,Lance would be referred to as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) embryo. 
B) neonate. 
C) zygote. 
D) fetus. 
A) embryo. 
B) neonate. 
C) zygote. 
D) fetus.

Question 5

In the human growth sequence,the period from a few weeks after birth until the child is walking securely would be known as

Accepted Answer

A) the fetal period. 
B) the neonatal period. 
C) infancy. 
D) toddlerhood. 
A) the fetal period. 
B) the neonatal period. 
C) infancy. 
D) toddlerhood.

Question 6

The grasping,rooting,and sucking reflexes of infants are best described as

Accepted Answer

A) fixed action patterns. 
B) instincts. 
C) conditioned reflexes. 
D) adaptive reflexes. 
A) fixed action patterns. 
B) instincts. 
C) conditioned reflexes. 
D) adaptive reflexes.

Question 7

Regarding nature and nurture,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) The present human culture is accelerating the rate at which human DNA is evolving. 
B) Modern humans are still genetically quite similar to cave dwellers who lived 30,000 years ago. 
C) The brain of a newborn baby has significantly more dendrites and synapses than an adult brain. 
D) Early learning environments literally shape the developing brain,through "blooming and pruning" of synapses. 
A) The present human culture is accelerating the rate at which human DNA is evolving. 
B) Modern humans are still genetically quite similar to cave dwellers who lived 30,000 years ago. 
C) The brain of a newborn baby has significantly more dendrites and synapses than an adult brain. 
D) Early learning environments literally shape the developing brain,through "blooming and pruning" of synapses.

Question 8

Compared to an adult,the brain of a newborn baby has

Accepted Answer

A) significantly more dendrites and synapses. 
B) slightly more dendrites and synapses. 
C) fewer dendrites and synapses. 
D) the same number of dendrites and synapses. 
A) significantly more dendrites and synapses. 
B) slightly more dendrites and synapses. 
C) fewer dendrites and synapses. 
D) the same number of dendrites and synapses.

Question 9

Josh is a difficult baby who cries and is hard to console,which makes his parents unhappy and elicits negative parenting.This,in turn,causes Josh to cry more frequently.This illustrates

Accepted Answer

A) reciprocal influences. 
B) genetic predispositions. 
C) a parental behavior that would occur even if Josh had an easy temperament. 
D) all of these. 
A) reciprocal influences. 
B) genetic predispositions. 
C) a parental behavior that would occur even if Josh had an easy temperament. 
D) all of these.

Question 10

Regarding the motor skills of babies,which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Motor skills simply emerge at the appropriate developmental ages. 
B) Behaviors in infants are sudden and dramatic;one day,they are sitting without support,and the next day they are standing holding on to the furniture. 
C) Babies tend to tune their motor skills over time,making their movements smoother and more effective. 
D) Maturation is the only factor behind developing motor skills. 
A) Motor skills simply emerge at the appropriate developmental ages. 
B) Behaviors in infants are sudden and dramatic;one day,they are sitting without support,and the next day they are standing holding on to the furniture. 
C) Babies tend to tune their motor skills over time,making their movements smoother and more effective. 
D) Maturation is the only factor behind developing motor skills.

Question 11

Due to financial difficulties,Damon's parents have difficulty paying rent and utilities,buying nutritious food,and taking their children to the doctor or dentist when needed.These parents often verbally argue with each other over their financial problems,which also affects their relationship with their children.Although Damon and his siblings would love to have a computer,they know this will never be possible.According to research,a home situation,such as the one described,has been shown

Accepted Answer

A) to affect the child's physical health with the child being sick more often. 
B) not to affect a child's cognitive development. 
C) not to affect a child's socioemotional development. 
D) to have short-term effects,but not to lead to a cycle of continued poverty as an adult. 
A) to affect the child's physical health with the child being sick more often. 
B) not to affect a child's cognitive development. 
C) not to affect a child's socioemotional development. 
D) to have short-term effects,but not to lead to a cycle of continued poverty as an adult.

Question 12

Temperament refers to

Accepted Answer

A) the pattern of physical development from conception to death. 
B) the inherited,physical core of one's personality. 
C) the years of aging characterized by marked physiological and psychological deterioration. 
D) a period of increased sensitivity to environmental influences. 
A) the pattern of physical development from conception to death. 
B) the inherited,physical core of one's personality. 
C) the years of aging characterized by marked physiological and psychological deterioration. 
D) a period of increased sensitivity to environmental influences.

Question 13

Poverty is to deprivation as early childhood stimulation is to

Accepted Answer

A) imprinting. 
B) enrichment. 
C) assimilation. 
D) vicarious learning. 
A) imprinting. 
B) enrichment. 
C) assimilation. 
D) vicarious learning.

Question 14

When John B.Watson made the statement that if he had a dozen infants he could take any one of them at random and train him to be a doctor,merchant,thief,etc. ,he was referring to the powerful effect of

Accepted Answer

A) nature. 
B) temperament. 
C) the human growth sequence. 
D) the environment. 
A) nature. 
B) temperament. 
C) the human growth sequence. 
D) the environment.

Question 15

Until minimum levels of physical structure are mature,no amount of practice will be sufficient to develop certain skills.This statement reflects

Accepted Answer

A) assimilation. 
B) readiness. 
C) resiliency. 
D) habituation. 
A) assimilation. 
B) readiness. 
C) resiliency. 
D) habituation.

Question 16

Six-year-old Jacob has a small nonsymmetrical head,a short nose,a flattened area between the eyes,oddly shaped eyes,and a thin upper lip.Many of these facial features will become less noticeable by adolescence.However, Jacob also has intellectual,emotional,and behavioral disabilities.Jacob most likely has

Accepted Answer

A) rubella. 
B) fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). 
C) cystic fibrosis. 
D) albinism. 
A) rubella. 
B) fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). 
C) cystic fibrosis. 
D) albinism.

Question 17

A child is born with low birth weight,a small head,facial malformations,and other bodily defects and has an added risk of developing emotional,behavioral,and mental disabilities.The child most likely has

Accepted Answer

A) albinism. 
B) fetal alcohol syndrome. 
C) cystic fibrosis. 
D) congenital problems due to the mother's heavy marijuana use. 
A) albinism. 
B) fetal alcohol syndrome. 
C) cystic fibrosis. 
D) congenital problems due to the mother's heavy marijuana use.

Question 18

The looking chamber,which is a device used in visual perception research conducted with infants,was invented by

Accepted Answer

A) B.F.Skinner. 
B) Robert Fantz. 
C) Jerome Kagan. 
D) Jean Piaget. 
A) B.F.Skinner. 
B) Robert Fantz. 
C) Jerome Kagan. 
D) Jean Piaget.

Question 19

A condition that exists when maturation has advanced enough to allow the rapid acquisition of a particular skill is known as

Accepted Answer

A) readiness. 
B) assimilation. 
C) habituation. 
D) enrichment. 
A) readiness. 
B) assimilation. 
C) habituation. 
D) enrichment.

Question 20

Sensitive periods refer to the

Accepted Answer

A) patterns of physical development from conception to death. 
B) developmental sequence of one's temperament. 
C) years of aging characterized by marked physiological and psychological deterioration. 
D) times when individuals are most susceptible to certain environmental influences. 
A) patterns of physical development from conception to death. 
B) developmental sequence of one's temperament. 
C) years of aging characterized by marked physiological and psychological deterioration. 
D) times when individuals are most susceptible to certain environmental influences.

Exam 13: Human Development: Heredity and Environment

Regarding the visual perception of babies,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Impoverished children tend to be sick more often and show poorer school performance.

Jeffery is 16 months old,and his mother has spent almost every waking moment of the last three weeks trying to toilet-train Jeffery.However,Jeffery has shown no improvement.Jeffery's mother should be told that toilet training as well as other milestones in development are governed by the

Lance is a newborn infant.During the first weeks following birth,Lance would be referred to as a(n)

In the human growth sequence,the period from a few weeks after birth until the child is walking securely would be known as

The grasping,rooting,and sucking reflexes of infants are best described as

Regarding nature and nurture,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Compared to an adult,the brain of a newborn baby has

Josh is a difficult baby who cries and is hard to console,which makes his parents unhappy and elicits negative parenting.This,in turn,causes Josh to cry more frequently.This illustrates

Regarding the motor skills of babies,which of the following statements is TRUE?

Temperament refers to

Poverty is to deprivation as early childhood stimulation is to

When John B.Watson made the statement that if he had a dozen infants he could take any one of them at random and train him to be a doctor,merchant,thief,etc. ,he was referring to the powerful effect of

Until minimum levels of physical structure are mature,no amount of practice will be sufficient to develop certain skills.This statement reflects

A child is born with low birth weight,a small head,facial malformations,and other bodily defects and has an added risk of developing emotional,behavioral,and mental disabilities.The child most likely has

The looking chamber,which is a device used in visual perception research conducted with infants,was invented by

A condition that exists when maturation has advanced enough to allow the rapid acquisition of a particular skill is known as

Sensitive periods refer to the

Introduction

How to Study Psychology

Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science

Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now

Introducing Psychology: the Psychology Experiment

Introducing Psychology: Non-Experimental Research Methods

Psychology in Action: Thinking Critically About the Media

Brain and Behavior: Neurons and the Nervous System

Brain and Behavior: Brain Research

Brain and Behavior: Hemispheres and Lobes of the Cortex

Brain and Behavior: Sub-Cortex and Endocrine System

Psychology in Action: Handedness

Human Development: Emotional and Social Development in Childhood

Human Development: Language and Cognitive Development in Childhood

Human Development: Adolescence and Adulthood

Psychology in Action: Well-Being and Happiness

Sensation and Perception: Sensory Processes

Sensation and Perception: Vision

Sensation and Perception: The Other Senses

Sensation and Perception: Perceptual Processes

Sensation and Perception: Perception and Objectivity

Psychology in Action: Extrasensory Perception

Consciousness: States of Consciousness

Consciousness: Sleep and Dreams

Consciousness: Psychoactive Drugs

Psychology in Action: Exploring and Using Dreams

Conditioning and Learning: Types of Learning

Conditioning and Learning: Classical Conditioning

Conditioning and Learning: Operant Conditioning

Conditioning and Learning: Reinforcement and Punishment

Psychology in Action: Behavioral Self-Management

Memory: Memory Systems

Memory: Forgetting

Memory: Exceptional Memory and Improving Memory

Psychology in Action: Mnemonics

Cognition and Intelligence: Imagery, Concepts, and Language

Cognition and Intelligence: Problem Solving

Cognition and Intelligence: Creative Thinking and Intuition

Cognition and Intelligence: Intelligence

Psychology in Action: Enhancing Creativity

Motivation and Emotion: Overview of Motives and Emotions

Motivation and Emotion: Motivation in Detail

Motivation and Emotion: Emotion in Detail

Psychology in Action: Emotional Intelligence

Human Sexuality: Sexual Development and Orientation

Human Sexuality: Gender Development, Androgyny, and Gender Variance

Human Sexuality: Sexual Behavior, Response, and Attitudes

Psychology in Action: Sexual Problems

Personality: Overview of Personality

Personality: Trait Theories

Personality: Psychoanalytic and Humanistic Theories

Personality: Behavioral and Social Learning Theories

Psychology in Action: Understanding Shyness

Health, Stress, and Coping: Health Psychology

Health, Stress, and Coping: Stress, Frustration, and Conflict

Health, Stress, and Coping: Defenses, Helplessness, and Depression

Health, Stress, and Coping: Stress and Health

Psychology in Action: Stress Management

Psychological Disorders: Normality and Psychopathology

Psychological Disorders: Psychosis, Delusional Disorders, and Schizophrenia

Psychological Disorders: Mood Disorders