Question 1

Which of the following is the most likely consequence of punishment?

Accepted Answer

A) the elimination of the punished response 
B) an increase in the frequency of the response 
C) a suppression of the punished response 
D) no change in the immediate or long-term frequency of the response 
A) the elimination of the punished response 
B) an increase in the frequency of the response 
C) a suppression of the punished response 
D) no change in the immediate or long-term frequency of the response C

Question 2

An elementary school teacher practically ends classroom discipline problems by giving students "chances" in a lottery to be held at the end of the week for some small toy.The students have chances taken away if they break various rules.The students are participating in an operant conditioning system known as a(n) _______.

Accepted Answer

token economy

Question 3

Gradually approaching a feared stimulus while maintaining relaxation describes the therapy technique known as
__________.

Accepted Answer

systematic desensitization desensitization

Question 4

What is a token economy and how could it be used in an institutional setting,such as a mental hospital?

Accepted Answer

Answer will include that a token economy

Question 5

In order to treat his post-traumatic stress disorder,Tony is undergoing a treatment in which he is asked to visualize the images that most upset him while the therapist moves a pencil rapidly from side to side in front of his eyes.He is then asked to describe any memories,feelings,or thoughts that emerge.Tony is undergoing

Accepted Answer

A) insight therapy. 
B) therapeutic hypnosis. 
C) eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. 
D) virtual reality exposure. 
A) insight therapy. 
B) therapeutic hypnosis. 
C) eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. 
D) virtual reality exposure.

Question 6

Regarding virtual reality exposure,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) In virtual reality exposure,anxiety-provoking stimuli are presented to clients in a controlled way within a computer-generated world. 
B) Virtual reality exposure has been used to create immersive distracting environments to help patients reduce the experience of pain. 
C) Virtual reality exposure has been used to treat fear of heights,fear of spiders,and fear of public speaking. 
D) Virtual reality exposure is a type of aversion therapy. 
A) In virtual reality exposure,anxiety-provoking stimuli are presented to clients in a controlled way within a computer-generated world. 
B) Virtual reality exposure has been used to create immersive distracting environments to help patients reduce the experience of pain. 
C) Virtual reality exposure has been used to treat fear of heights,fear of spiders,and fear of public speaking. 
D) Virtual reality exposure is a type of aversion therapy.

Question 7

Basic assumptions of behavior modification include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Gaining insight into one's problems brings relief from symptoms and ultimately changes one's behavior. 
B) Emotional disturbances are the result of past experiences that must be understood and resolved before personal growth can be achieved. 
C) Learned responses cause problems;therefore,behavior can be changed by relearning. 
D) Emotional disturbances are caused by a loss of meaning in one's life. 
A) Gaining insight into one's problems brings relief from symptoms and ultimately changes one's behavior. 
B) Emotional disturbances are the result of past experiences that must be understood and resolved before personal growth can be achieved. 
C) Learned responses cause problems;therefore,behavior can be changed by relearning. 
D) Emotional disturbances are caused by a loss of meaning in one's life.

Question 8

Using the aversive therapy for alcohol abuse pioneered by Roger Vogler and associates,the shocks would be administered

Accepted Answer

A) as the person orders the alcoholic beverage. 
B) as the person is beginning to take a drink of alcohol. 
C) after the person has finished their first alcoholic beverage. 
D) after the person is intoxicated. 
A) as the person orders the alcoholic beverage. 
B) as the person is beginning to take a drink of alcohol. 
C) after the person has finished their first alcoholic beverage. 
D) after the person is intoxicated.

Question 9

An approach that utilizes classical conditioning in helping individuals suppress an undesirable response by associating it with uncomfortable stimuli is called _______ therapy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An approach that utilizes classical conditioning in...

Question 10

Regarding EMDR,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) EMDR involves having clients visualize upsetting images while watching a moving pencil. 
B) Some studies have found that EMDR lowers the anxiety and pain associated with traumatic memories,such as those occurring in post-traumatic stress disorder. 
C) EMDR involves a modified version of therapeutic hypnosis. 
D) Some studies have shown the success of EMDR may be the gradual exposure to the upsetting stimuli with the eye movements adding nothing to the treatment. 
A) EMDR involves having clients visualize upsetting images while watching a moving pencil. 
B) Some studies have found that EMDR lowers the anxiety and pain associated with traumatic memories,such as those occurring in post-traumatic stress disorder. 
C) EMDR involves a modified version of therapeutic hypnosis. 
D) Some studies have shown the success of EMDR may be the gradual exposure to the upsetting stimuli with the eye movements adding nothing to the treatment.

Question 11

As people are waiting for their flight,the airline displays a series of photographic slides of people boarding an airplane,getting settled in their seats,enjoying the flight,and arriving comfortably at their destination.In order to ease some people's fear of flying,the airline has made casual use of

Accepted Answer

A) covert desensitization. 
B) transference. 
C) EMDR. 
D) vicarious desensitization. 
A) covert desensitization. 
B) transference. 
C) EMDR. 
D) vicarious desensitization.

Question 12

Which of the following would NOT be considered a behavior therapy?

Accepted Answer

A) aversion therapy 
B) somatic therapy 
C) desensitization 
D) applied behavior analysis 
A) aversion therapy 
B) somatic therapy 
C) desensitization 
D) applied behavior analysis

Question 13

Systematic desensitization is primarily used to

Accepted Answer

A) alleviate phobias and strong anxieties. 
B) overcome delusions and hallucinations. 
C) get people accustomed to experiencing anxiety. 
D) decrease depersonalization. 
A) alleviate phobias and strong anxieties. 
B) overcome delusions and hallucinations. 
C) get people accustomed to experiencing anxiety. 
D) decrease depersonalization.

Question 14

When the rewards that maintain undesirable behaviors are identified and removed,these undesirable behaviors will undergo

Accepted Answer

A) operant shaping. 
B) extinction. 
C) respondent aversion. 
D) token inhibition. 
A) operant shaping. 
B) extinction. 
C) respondent aversion. 
D) token inhibition.

Question 15

When Thomas,an autistic boy,was ignored after instances of self-destructive behavior,his tendency to injure himself disappeared.The operant principle employed was nonreinforcement and will lead to which of the following occurring?

Accepted Answer

A) shaping 
B) stimulus control 
C) extinction 
D) reciprocal inhibition 
A) shaping 
B) stimulus control 
C) extinction 
D) reciprocal inhibition

Question 16

Virtual reality exposure has been used to create immersive distracting environments for helping patients reduce the experience of pain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Tommy's therapist has him put on a head­mounted video display.Through this procedure,Tommy can re­ experience the trauma of his Humvee being destroyed by an improvised explosive device complete with all the sights,sounds,vibrations,and even smells.Successive presentations such as this will help reduce Tommy's post­ traumatic stress disorder symptoms.Tommy is undergoing

Accepted Answer

A) EMDR. 
B) virtual reality exposure. 
C) covert sensitization. 
D) aversive conditioning. 
A) EMDR. 
B) virtual reality exposure. 
C) covert sensitization. 
D) aversive conditioning.

Question 18

Regarding aversion therapy,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Although its use is legal,aversive therapy for alcoholism is considered unethical by the APA. 
B) Even though aversive therapy for alcoholism is unpleasant,its long-term benefits justify its use. 
C) Commercial aversion programs for alcohol abuse have attracted many willing customers,who volunteer for the procedure. 
D) The aversive therapy involving response-continent shocks for the treatment of alcohol abuse was pioneered by Roger Vogler and associates. 
A) Although its use is legal,aversive therapy for alcoholism is considered unethical by the APA. 
B) Even though aversive therapy for alcoholism is unpleasant,its long-term benefits justify its use. 
C) Commercial aversion programs for alcohol abuse have attracted many willing customers,who volunteer for the procedure. 
D) The aversive therapy involving response-continent shocks for the treatment of alcohol abuse was pioneered by Roger Vogler and associates.

Question 19

Regarding systematic desensitization,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) For most phobias,desensitization works best when people are directly exposed to the stimuli and situations they fear. 
B) For a simple phobia,like spider phobia,the procedure can be successfully done in groups. 
C) The effectiveness of desensitization is caused not by the actual process of therapy but by a client's expectations that the therapy will help. 
D) Desensitization can be completed in one session for some fears,such as riding in an elevator. 
A) For most phobias,desensitization works best when people are directly exposed to the stimuli and situations they fear. 
B) For a simple phobia,like spider phobia,the procedure can be successfully done in groups. 
C) The effectiveness of desensitization is caused not by the actual process of therapy but by a client's expectations that the therapy will help. 
D) Desensitization can be completed in one session for some fears,such as riding in an elevator.

Question 20

Nonreward and time-out are typically used to bring about the

Accepted Answer

A) extinction of maladaptive responses. 
B) aversive conditioning of undesirable behaviors. 
C) positive reinforcement of target behaviors. 
D) negative reinforcement of specific behaviors. 
A) extinction of maladaptive responses. 
B) aversive conditioning of undesirable behaviors. 
C) positive reinforcement of target behaviors. 
D) negative reinforcement of specific behaviors.

Exam 67: Therapies: Behavior Therapies

Which of the following is the most likely consequence of punishment?

Gradually approaching a feared stimulus while maintaining relaxation describes the therapy technique known as __________.

What is a token economy and how could it be used in an institutional setting,such as a mental hospital?

Regarding virtual reality exposure,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Basic assumptions of behavior modification include which of the following?

Using the aversive therapy for alcohol abuse pioneered by Roger Vogler and associates,the shocks would be administered

An approach that utilizes classical conditioning in helping individuals suppress an undesirable response by associating it with uncomfortable stimuli is called _______ therapy.

Regarding EMDR,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Which of the following would NOT be considered a behavior therapy?

Systematic desensitization is primarily used to

When the rewards that maintain undesirable behaviors are identified and removed,these undesirable behaviors will undergo

When Thomas,an autistic boy,was ignored after instances of self-destructive behavior,his tendency to injure himself disappeared.The operant principle employed was nonreinforcement and will lead to which of the following occurring?

Virtual reality exposure has been used to create immersive distracting environments for helping patients reduce the experience of pain.

Regarding aversion therapy,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Regarding systematic desensitization,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Nonreward and time-out are typically used to bring about the

Introduction

How to Study Psychology

Introducing Psychology: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science

Introducing Psychology: Psychology Then and Now

Introducing Psychology: the Psychology Experiment

Introducing Psychology: Non-Experimental Research Methods

Psychology in Action: Thinking Critically About the Media

Brain and Behavior: Neurons and the Nervous System

Brain and Behavior: Brain Research

Brain and Behavior: Hemispheres and Lobes of the Cortex

Brain and Behavior: Sub-Cortex and Endocrine System

Psychology in Action: Handedness

Human Development: Heredity and Environment

Human Development: Emotional and Social Development in Childhood

Human Development: Language and Cognitive Development in Childhood

Human Development: Adolescence and Adulthood

Psychology in Action: Well-Being and Happiness

Sensation and Perception: Sensory Processes

Sensation and Perception: Vision

Sensation and Perception: The Other Senses

Sensation and Perception: Perceptual Processes

Sensation and Perception: Perception and Objectivity

Psychology in Action: Extrasensory Perception

Consciousness: States of Consciousness

Consciousness: Sleep and Dreams

Consciousness: Psychoactive Drugs

Psychology in Action: Exploring and Using Dreams

Conditioning and Learning: Types of Learning

Conditioning and Learning: Classical Conditioning

Conditioning and Learning: Operant Conditioning

Conditioning and Learning: Reinforcement and Punishment

Psychology in Action: Behavioral Self-Management

Memory: Memory Systems

Memory: Forgetting

Memory: Exceptional Memory and Improving Memory

Psychology in Action: Mnemonics

Cognition and Intelligence: Imagery, Concepts, and Language

Cognition and Intelligence: Problem Solving

Cognition and Intelligence: Creative Thinking and Intuition

Cognition and Intelligence: Intelligence

Psychology in Action: Enhancing Creativity

Motivation and Emotion: Overview of Motives and Emotions

Motivation and Emotion: Motivation in Detail

Motivation and Emotion: Emotion in Detail

Psychology in Action: Emotional Intelligence

Human Sexuality: Sexual Development and Orientation

Human Sexuality: Gender Development, Androgyny, and Gender Variance

Human Sexuality: Sexual Behavior, Response, and Attitudes

Psychology in Action: Sexual Problems

Personality: Overview of Personality

Personality: Trait Theories

Personality: Psychoanalytic and Humanistic Theories

Personality: Behavioral and Social Learning Theories

Psychology in Action: Understanding Shyness

Health, Stress, and Coping: Health Psychology

Health, Stress, and Coping: Stress, Frustration, and Conflict

Health, Stress, and Coping: Defenses, Helplessness, and Depression

Health, Stress, and Coping: Stress and Health

Psychology in Action: Stress Management

Psychological Disorders: Normality and Psychopathology

Psychological Disorders: Psychosis, Delusional Disorders, and Schizophrenia

Psychological Disorders: Mood Disorders

Psychological Disorders: Anxiety-Based Disorders and Personality Disorders