Exam 18: Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Biologists examining the plant gene LEAFY's effect on expression patterns of genes overexpressed and underexpressed LEAFY.They then performed microarray analysis to examine the effects of changes of LEAFY expression on the expression of other genes in the genome.Refer to the table showing the results for four different genes with LEAFY underexpressed and overexpressed, and the control.The expression levels are normalized such that they are 100 for each gene in control conditions. Which pattern is exhibited by gene 4419?

In transgenic experiments researchers often make use of electroporation, screen for reporter genes, and insert vectors into the host cell.In which order would they most likely perform these steps?

Recombinant DNA technology has produced medically useful products.Most of these products are _______ that are normally present in low amounts in animals and are difficult to _______; _______ vectors were used to obtain these products in large amounts.

One would most likely use _______ to introduce specific mutations in order to determine which particular amino acids make a given protein more able to bind with a receptor.

A biologist used microarrays to examine how gene expression in a fish changes with temperature.Refer to the table showing the expression levels of four (of several thousand) genes at varying temperatures.Values for expression have been normalized such that the expression at 15°C for any particular gene is always 100. Which two genes show the most opposite patterns of expression as temperature changes?

In which case would use of RT-PCR most likely be the favored method?

Which feature is not an attribute of plasmids?

In which circumstance would you most likely use a virus instead of a plasmid as a vector?

The RNA in RNAi (RNA interference) is

The Ti plasmid is

Refer to the table showing results from an experiment in which researchers used CRISPR technology to knock out various genes from a plant.They then examined plant stem height (in centimeters, with calculated means) and seed production (number of seeds, with calculated means) with each treatment.(Note: The "x" marks genes that have been knocked out.) Knocking out which gene had effects only on fertility?

A bacterium that has the CRISPR-CAS9 system has a mutation in one of its spacer sequences.What is the most likely result?

Which entity is most likely to have a bacterial origin of replication?

When would it be most appropriate to include a poly A-addition sequence in an expression vector?

When using lacZ as a reporter gene, researchers add X-Gal to the substrate.What would happen if they didn't?

Refer to the table showing results from an experiment in which researchers used CRISPR technology to knock out various genes from a plant.They then examined plant stem height (in centimeters, with calculated means) and seed production (number of seeds, with calculated means) with each treatment.(Note: The "x" marks genes that have been knocked out.) Knocking out which gene had effects only on fertility?

To determine whether a segment of DNA is a replicon, one should examine to see whether it contains a(n) _______.

Which sequence is a likely palindromic restriction site?

How many primers are usually needed in the synthesis of one double-stranded molecule of artificial DNA?

A human gene is inserted into a bacterial cell.This is an example of _______, and the bacterial cell is said to be _______.