Question 1

What advantage do yeasts have over bacteria as the source of host cells for human transgenes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yeasts are easy to grow in the lab. 
B)  Biologists know a great deal about the genetics and biology of some yeast species. 
C)  Yeasts are eukaryotic. 
D)  Yeasts contain plasmids. 
E)  Yeasts are multicellular. 
A)  Yeasts are easy to grow in the lab. 
B)  Biologists know a great deal about the genetics and biology of some yeast species. 
C)  Yeasts are eukaryotic. 
D)  Yeasts contain plasmids. 
E)  Yeasts are multicellular.

Question 2

To replicate within the cells of a host, recombinant DNA must either _______ the host's genome or contain a(n) _______.Otherwise, the recombinant DNA will not be replicated, because DNA _______ requires specific sequences to bind to DNA.

Accepted Answer

A)  integrate into; origin of replication; polymerase 
B)  integrate into; vector; polymerase 
C)  recombine with; origin of replication; ligase 
D)  recombine with; stop transcription signal; polymerase 
E)  integrate into; stop transcription signal; ligase 
A)  integrate into; origin of replication; polymerase 
B)  integrate into; vector; polymerase 
C)  recombine with; origin of replication; ligase 
D)  recombine with; stop transcription signal; polymerase 
E)  integrate into; stop transcription signal; ligase

Question 3

Biologists examining the plant gene LEAFY's effect on expression patterns of genes overexpressed and underexpressed LEAFY.They then performed microarray analysis to examine the effects of changes of LEAFY expression on the expression of other genes in the genome.Refer to the table showing the results for four different genes with LEAFY underexpressed and overexpressed, and the control.The expression levels are normalized such that they are 100 for each gene in control conditions.   Which gene(s) is/are most likely inhibited by LEAFY?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gene 894 only 
B)  Gene 1567 only 
C)  Gene 3407 only 
D)  Both genes 3407 and 4419 
E)  There is insufficient information to answer this question. 
A)  Gene 894 only 
B)  Gene 1567 only 
C)  Gene 3407 only 
D)  Both genes 3407 and 4419 
E)  There is insufficient information to answer this question.

Question 4

An miRNA has the sequence 5′-CUACGCAUUCAG-3′.Which motif on mRNA would most likely be a target of this miRNA?

Accepted Answer

5'-CUGAAUG

Question 5

The function of DNA ligase in the generation of recombinant DNA is to

Accepted Answer

A)  cut DNA. 
B)  replicate DNA. 
C)  unwind DNA. 
D)  join DNA fragments. 
E)  join Okazaki fragments during DNA replication. 
A)  cut DNA. 
B)  replicate DNA. 
C)  unwind DNA. 
D)  join DNA fragments. 
E)  join Okazaki fragments during DNA replication.

Question 6

A human gene is inserted into a mouse cell.This is an example of _______, and the human gene is said to be a transgene.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A human gene is inserted into a...

Question 7

To replicate within the cells of a host, recombinant DNA must either _______ the host's genome or contain a(n) _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  integrate into; origin of replication 
B)  integrate into; vector 
C)  recombine with; origin of replication 
D)  recombine with; stop transcription signal 
E)  integrate into; stop transcription signal 
A)  integrate into; origin of replication 
B)  integrate into; vector 
C)  recombine with; origin of replication 
D)  recombine with; stop transcription signal 
E)  integrate into; stop transcription signal

Question 8

Selective breeding

Accepted Answer

A)  is generally more specific than recombinant DNA technology in the generation of new phenotypes. 
B)  usually alters fewer genes than recombinant DNA technology. 
C)  is a form of biotechnology. 
D)  is a form of recombinant DNA technology. 
E)  requires the use of expression vectors. 
A)  is generally more specific than recombinant DNA technology in the generation of new phenotypes. 
B)  usually alters fewer genes than recombinant DNA technology. 
C)  is a form of biotechnology. 
D)  is a form of recombinant DNA technology. 
E)  requires the use of expression vectors.

Question 9

Refer to the figure showing the recognition sequence for EcoRI.DNA ligase closes the phosphodiester gap between nucleotides that have been cut with restriction enzymes and then reannealed between DNA strands cut with the same restriction enzyme.   In the figure, the phosphate groups are located on

Accepted Answer

A)  the guanosine nucleotide located on the top strand and the adenine nucleotide found on the bottom strand. 
B)  the guanosine nucleotides found on both strands. 
C)  the adenine nucleotide located on the top strand and the guanosine nucleotide found on the bottom strand. 
D)  the adenine nucleotides found on both strands. 
E)  both the adenines and guanosines found on both strands. 
A)  the guanosine nucleotide located on the top strand and the adenine nucleotide found on the bottom strand. 
B)  the guanosine nucleotides found on both strands. 
C)  the adenine nucleotide located on the top strand and the guanosine nucleotide found on the bottom strand. 
D)  the adenine nucleotides found on both strands. 
E)  both the adenines and guanosines found on both strands.

Question 10

Selectable markers are usually used in studies involving transformation because

Accepted Answer

A)  vectors are typically small in comparison to the host cell. 
B)  host cells are typically prokaryotic. 
C)  host cells are typically eukaryotic. 
D)  transformation is usually very efficient. 
E)  transformation is usually very inefficient. 
A)  vectors are typically small in comparison to the host cell. 
B)  host cells are typically prokaryotic. 
C)  host cells are typically eukaryotic. 
D)  transformation is usually very efficient. 
E)  transformation is usually very inefficient.

Question 11

Refer to the table.In this experiment researchers used CRISPR technology to knock out various genes from a fly.They then examined the developmental time (in days, with confidence limits) and larval survival (percent, with confidence limits) for each treatment.The "x" marks genes that have been knocked out.   Knocking out gene _______ decreases development rate but has little effect on larval survival.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the table.In this experiment researchers...

Question 12

When would you add signal sequences to an expression vector?

Accepted Answer

A)  When the transgene is of bacterial origin 
B)  When the transgene is of eukaryotic origin 
C)  When you want to express the gene only at certain times 
D)  When you want to express the gene only in certain tissues 
E)  When you want to direct the gene product to a specific location 
A)  When the transgene is of bacterial origin 
B)  When the transgene is of eukaryotic origin 
C)  When you want to express the gene only at certain times 
D)  When you want to express the gene only in certain tissues 
E)  When you want to direct the gene product to a specific location

Question 13

When a restriction enzyme makes staggered cuts, the overhangs it generates are called

Accepted Answer

A)  sticky ends. 
B)  blunt ends. 
C)  palindromes. 
D)  ligases. 
E)  recombinants. 
A)  sticky ends. 
B)  blunt ends. 
C)  palindromes. 
D)  ligases. 
E)  recombinants.

Question 14

A toxin gene from the bacterium _______, which has been genetically engineered into several crop plants, allows these plants to produce their own insecticides.

Accepted Answer

Bacillus t

Question 15

Some restriction enzymes recognize and cut at DNA sequences that read the same way in both directions, called _______ sequences.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some restriction enzymes recognize and cut at...

Question 16

Refer to the table.A gene might affect the length of bristles of a beetle.Using CRISPR technology, biologists have altered the sequence of this gene at three different nucleotides (765, 2901, and 4576) and have measured the length of bristles (in millimeters, with calculated means).In nature, most beetles have A at position 765, G at position 2901, and A at position 4576 (see beetle 1).   Changing A to T at position 765 _______ the length of bristles, and changing G to C at position 2901 _______ the length of bristles.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases; increases 
B)  increases; has no effect on 
C)  has no effect on; increases 
D)  has no effect on; decreases 
E)  decreases; has no effect on 
A)  increases; increases 
B)  increases; has no effect on 
C)  has no effect on; increases 
D)  has no effect on; decreases 
E)  decreases; has no effect on

Question 17

The DNA from the genome of an organism is chopped into numerous fragments that are then inserted into vectors that are taken up by host cells.The genetic information that is present in the resulting colonies is called a genomic

Accepted Answer

A)  collection. 
B)  library. 
C)  museum. 
D)  bank. 
E)  farm. 
A)  collection. 
B)  library. 
C)  museum. 
D)  bank. 
E)  farm.

Question 18

Refer to the table showing results from an experiment in which researchers used CRISPR technology to knock out various genes from a plant.They then examined plant stem height (in centimeters, with calculated means) and seed production (number of seeds, with calculated means) with each treatment.(Note: The "x" marks genes that have been knocked out.)   Some researchers have suggested that trade-offs exist between plant stem height and seed production-if too many resources are used in growing stems, seed production may suffer.What evidence in the table is contrary to this hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

The knockout of gene B shows t

Question 19

Refer to the table showing results from an experiment in which researchers used CRISPR technology to knock out various genes from a plant.They then examined plant stem height (in centimeters, with calculated means) and seed production (number of seeds, with calculated means) with each treatment.(Note: The "x" marks genes that have been knocked out.)   What is the most likely role of the product of gene A?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a stimulator of both stem growth and seed production. 
B)  It is a stimulator of stem growth and an inhibitor of seed production. 
C)  It is an inhibitor of stem growth, and it stimulates seed production. 
D)  It is an inhibitor of stem growth and has no discernable effect on seed production. 
E)  It has no discernable effect on either trait. 
A)  It is a stimulator of both stem growth and seed production. 
B)  It is a stimulator of stem growth and an inhibitor of seed production. 
C)  It is an inhibitor of stem growth, and it stimulates seed production. 
D)  It is an inhibitor of stem growth and has no discernable effect on seed production. 
E)  It has no discernable effect on either trait.

Question 20

In comparing microarrays with other methods that can be used to study gene expression, when would microarrays be most useful?

Accepted Answer

A)  When you want a detailed investigation of how changes in the environment affect the expression patterns of a single, known gene 
B)  When you want a detailed investigation of how a single, known gene changes its expression over time 
C)  When you are interested in knowing how changes in a single, known gene affect the expression of many genes 
D)  When you are interested in knowing how the expression of a single, known gene changes over evolutionary time 
E)  When you are interested in whether males express a single, known gene at a higher level than females do 
A)  When you want a detailed investigation of how changes in the environment affect the expression patterns of a single, known gene 
B)  When you want a detailed investigation of how a single, known gene changes its expression over time 
C)  When you are interested in knowing how changes in a single, known gene affect the expression of many genes 
D)  When you are interested in knowing how the expression of a single, known gene changes over evolutionary time 
E)  When you are interested in whether males express a single, known gene at a higher level than females do

Exam 18: Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

What advantage do yeasts have over bacteria as the source of host cells for human transgenes?

To replicate within the cells of a host, recombinant DNA must either _______ the host's genome or contain a(n) _______.Otherwise, the recombinant DNA will not be replicated, because DNA _______ requires specific sequences to bind to DNA.

An miRNA has the sequence 5′-CUACGCAUUCAG-3′.Which motif on mRNA would most likely be a target of this miRNA?

The function of DNA ligase in the generation of recombinant DNA is to

A human gene is inserted into a mouse cell.This is an example of _______, and the human gene is said to be a transgene.

To replicate within the cells of a host, recombinant DNA must either _______ the host's genome or contain a(n) _______.

Selective breeding

Refer to the figure showing the recognition sequence for EcoRI.DNA ligase closes the phosphodiester gap between nucleotides that have been cut with restriction enzymes and then reannealed between DNA strands cut with the same restriction enzyme. In the figure, the phosphate groups are located on

Selectable markers are usually used in studies involving transformation because

When would you add signal sequences to an expression vector?

When a restriction enzyme makes staggered cuts, the overhangs it generates are called

A toxin gene from the bacterium _______, which has been genetically engineered into several crop plants, allows these plants to produce their own insecticides.

Some restriction enzymes recognize and cut at DNA sequences that read the same way in both directions, called _______ sequences.

The DNA from the genome of an organism is chopped into numerous fragments that are then inserted into vectors that are taken up by host cells.The genetic information that is present in the resulting colonies is called a genomic

In comparing microarrays with other methods that can be used to study gene expression, when would microarrays be most useful?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

Filters

To replicate within the cells of a host, recombinant DNA must either ___ the host's genome or contain a(n) _.Otherwise, the recombinant DNA will not be replicated, because DNA _____ requires specific sequences to bind to DNA.

To replicate within the cells of a host, recombinant DNA must either _ the host's genome or contain a(n) _.