Question 1

A restriction enzyme has generated blunt ends.Which event is most likely?

Accepted Answer

A)  The site it recognized is not a palindrome. 
B)  The enzyme made staggered cuts. 
C)  It cut in the middle of the palindrome. 
D)  The fragments it generated had overhangs. 
E)  The temperature is much above room temperature. 
A)  The site it recognized is not a palindrome. 
B)  The enzyme made staggered cuts. 
C)  It cut in the middle of the palindrome. 
D)  The fragments it generated had overhangs. 
E)  The temperature is much above room temperature.

Question 2

RT-PCR

Accepted Answer

A)  amplifies cDNA fragments. 
B)  generates synthetic oligonucleotides. 
C)  allows genes to be expressed in different biological systems. 
D)  allows for the selective inactivation of specific genes. 
E)  is the production of pharmaceuticals in farm animals or plants. 
A)  amplifies cDNA fragments. 
B)  generates synthetic oligonucleotides. 
C)  allows genes to be expressed in different biological systems. 
D)  allows for the selective inactivation of specific genes. 
E)  is the production of pharmaceuticals in farm animals or plants.

Question 3

Which technique places a series of DNA sequences on a microscope slide in precise order?

Accepted Answer

A)  CRISPR technology 
B)  RT-PCR 
C)  DNA interference 
D)  RNA interference 
E)  DNA microarrays 
A)  CRISPR technology 
B)  RT-PCR 
C)  DNA interference 
D)  RNA interference 
E)  DNA microarrays

Question 4

Biologists engaged in recombinant DNA technology often will cut the vector with two different restriction enzymes that have nearby restriction sites.This is done to

Accepted Answer

A)  increase the size of the vector. 
B)  increase the probability that the vector will recircularize without the transgene. 
C)  decrease the probability that the vector will recircularize without the transgene. 
D)  activate the transgene. 
E)  inactivate the transgene. 
A)  increase the size of the vector. 
B)  increase the probability that the vector will recircularize without the transgene. 
C)  decrease the probability that the vector will recircularize without the transgene. 
D)  activate the transgene. 
E)  inactivate the transgene.

Question 5

Biologists examining the plant gene LEAFY's effect on expression patterns of genes overexpressed and underexpressed LEAFY.They then performed microarray analysis to examine the effects of changes of LEAFY expression on the expression of other genes in the genome.Refer to the table showing the results for four different genes with LEAFY underexpressed and overexpressed, and the control.The expression levels are normalized such that they are 100 for each gene in control conditions.   Which pattern is exhibited by gene 3407?

Accepted Answer

A)  As expression of LEAFY increases, the expression of gene 3407 also increases. 
B)  As expression of LEAFY increases, the expression of gene 3407 decreases readily. 
C)  Gene 3407 is most expressed when LEAFY is normally expressed; its expression decreases as LEAFY is either overexpressed or underexpressed. 
D)  Gene 3407 is least expressed when LEAFY is normally expressed; its expression increases as LEAFY is either overexpressed or underexpressed. 
E)  LEAFY has little or no effect on the expression of gene 3407. 
A)  As expression of LEAFY increases, the expression of gene 3407 also increases. 
B)  As expression of LEAFY increases, the expression of gene 3407 decreases readily. 
C)  Gene 3407 is most expressed when LEAFY is normally expressed; its expression decreases as LEAFY is either overexpressed or underexpressed. 
D)  Gene 3407 is least expressed when LEAFY is normally expressed; its expression increases as LEAFY is either overexpressed or underexpressed. 
E)  LEAFY has little or no effect on the expression of gene 3407.

Question 6

One important biotechnology advance is the mass production of the enzyme tissue plasminogen activator (TPA).You would expect people with low TPA to have difficulty _______ due to _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  breaking down clots; a deficiency of plasminogen 
B)  breaking down clots; a deficiency of plasmin 
C)  breaking down clots; an excess of plasmin 
D)  forming clots; a deficiency of plasminogen 
E)  forming clots; an excess of plasmin 
A)  breaking down clots; a deficiency of plasminogen 
B)  breaking down clots; a deficiency of plasmin 
C)  breaking down clots; an excess of plasmin 
D)  forming clots; a deficiency of plasminogen 
E)  forming clots; an excess of plasmin

Question 7

The purpose of mechanical shearing when generating a genomic library is to

Accepted Answer

A)  generate artificial DNA. 
B)  get DNA in fragments of the appropriate size. 
C)  convert mRNA to DNA. 
D)  generate multiple identical copies of a DNA fragment. 
E)  decrease the stability of mRNA. 
A)  generate artificial DNA. 
B)  get DNA in fragments of the appropriate size. 
C)  convert mRNA to DNA. 
D)  generate multiple identical copies of a DNA fragment. 
E)  decrease the stability of mRNA.

Question 8

cDNA libraries

Accepted Answer

A)  are the same as genomic libraries. 
B)  include DNA from noncoding sequences. 
C)  require DNA polymerase for their construction. 
D)  require reverse transcriptase for their construction. 
E)  are likely to contain all protein-coding genes. 
A)  are the same as genomic libraries. 
B)  include DNA from noncoding sequences. 
C)  require DNA polymerase for their construction. 
D)  require reverse transcriptase for their construction. 
E)  are likely to contain all protein-coding genes.

Question 9

Refer to the figure showing an experiment using selectable marker (reporter) genes.   Which statement about the reporter genes used in the experiment is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only cells that are resistant to both ampicillin and tetracycline carry the recombinant DNA. 
B)  The plasmid without incorporated foreign DNA is sensitive to tetracycline and ampicillin. 
C)  If foreign DNA is successfully incorporated into the plasmid, tetracycline resistance will be disabled. 
D)  If foreign DNA is successfully incorporated into the plasmid, ampicillin resistance will be disabled. 
E)  If foreign DNA is successfully incorporated into the plasmid, both tetracycline resistance and ampicillin resistance will be disabled. 
A)  Only cells that are resistant to both ampicillin and tetracycline carry the recombinant DNA. 
B)  The plasmid without incorporated foreign DNA is sensitive to tetracycline and ampicillin. 
C)  If foreign DNA is successfully incorporated into the plasmid, tetracycline resistance will be disabled. 
D)  If foreign DNA is successfully incorporated into the plasmid, ampicillin resistance will be disabled. 
E)  If foreign DNA is successfully incorporated into the plasmid, both tetracycline resistance and ampicillin resistance will be disabled.

Question 10

Compared with conventional breeding, recombinant DNA technology usually combines _______ genes and takes _______ generations to complete.

Accepted Answer

A)  more; more 
B)  more; about the same number of 
C)  more; fewer 
D)  fewer; more 
E)  fewer; fewer 
A)  more; more 
B)  more; about the same number of 
C)  more; fewer 
D)  fewer; more 
E)  fewer; fewer

Question 11

What is a major difference between antisense RNA and siRNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antisense RNA blocks translation, whereas RNA interference blocks transcription. 
B)  Antisense RNA blocks transcription, whereas RNA interference blocks translation. 
C)  siRNA is more stable than antisense RNA. 
D)  Antisense RNA is more stable than siRNA. 
E)  Antisense RNA can only be used in plants and yeasts, whereas RNA interference can also be used in animals. 
A)  Antisense RNA blocks translation, whereas RNA interference blocks transcription. 
B)  Antisense RNA blocks transcription, whereas RNA interference blocks translation. 
C)  siRNA is more stable than antisense RNA. 
D)  Antisense RNA is more stable than siRNA. 
E)  Antisense RNA can only be used in plants and yeasts, whereas RNA interference can also be used in animals.

Question 12

When microarrays are used to study gene expression patterns, each spot on a microarray contains thousands of copies of

Accepted Answer

A)  an oligonucleotide, with the same oligonucleotide in all spots. 
B)  an oligonucleotide, with different oligonucleotides in different spots. 
C)  a plasmid, with the same plasmid in each spot. 
D)  a plasmid, with different plasmids in different spots. 
E)  an expression vector, with different expression vectors in different spots. 
A)  an oligonucleotide, with the same oligonucleotide in all spots. 
B)  an oligonucleotide, with different oligonucleotides in different spots. 
C)  a plasmid, with the same plasmid in each spot. 
D)  a plasmid, with different plasmids in different spots. 
E)  an expression vector, with different expression vectors in different spots.

Question 13

A bacterium that has the CRISPR-CAS9 system has a CAS9 that has much reduced activity.What is the most likely result?

Accepted Answer

A)  The bacterium will be able to recognize viruses but will be unable to cut them. 
B)  The bacterium will be unable to recognize particular viruses. 
C)  The bacterium will cut its own DNA inappropriately. 
D)  The bacterium will overexpress particular genes. 
E)  The bacterium will underexpress particular genes. 
A)  The bacterium will be able to recognize viruses but will be unable to cut them. 
B)  The bacterium will be unable to recognize particular viruses. 
C)  The bacterium will cut its own DNA inappropriately. 
D)  The bacterium will overexpress particular genes. 
E)  The bacterium will underexpress particular genes.

Question 14

A restriction enzyme recognizes the sequence 5ʹ-GTCATGAC-3ʹ and makes staggered cuts.Which statement is most likely to be true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sticky ends should arise because the enzyme makes staggered cuts. 
B)  Sticky ends should arise because the restriction site starts with a G. 
C)  Sticky ends should arise because the restriction site is more than six nucleotides long. 
D)  Blunt ends should arise because the enzyme makes staggered cuts. 
E)  Blunt ends should arise because the restriction site is more than six nucleotides long. 
A)  Sticky ends should arise because the enzyme makes staggered cuts. 
B)  Sticky ends should arise because the restriction site starts with a G. 
C)  Sticky ends should arise because the restriction site is more than six nucleotides long. 
D)  Blunt ends should arise because the enzyme makes staggered cuts. 
E)  Blunt ends should arise because the restriction site is more than six nucleotides long.

Question 15

Variation at a specific gene is known to affect metabolism in mice, but it is not clear which of the nucleotides is responsible for the changes.Which technique would be most relevant for revealing which of the nucleotides affects metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Microarrays 
B)  Antisense RNA 
C)  RNAi 
D)  Artificial synthesis 
E)  CRISPR 
A)  Microarrays 
B)  Antisense RNA 
C)  RNAi 
D)  Artificial synthesis 
E)  CRISPR

Question 16

Refer to the figure showing the steps used in microarray analysis to detect differences in expression between tumor tissue and normal tissue.The spots in the bottom panel represent individual genes for patients who have good prognoses (left) as well as for patients who have poor ones (right).The colors of those spots represent levels of expression: red = high expression, yellow = intermediate expression, green = low expression.   Suppose one researcher said that she thinks a better prognosis would be associated with a general increase of expression of most of the genes examined.Is her hypothesis correct? Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

No, the patients with good prognoses and

Question 17

A researcher inserts a DNA segment at the BamHI recognition site within a plasmid; this site is located within the ampicillin resistance gene.This plasmid also has a gene for tetracycline resistance.Following DNA transformation, the researcher must differentiate the bacteria that have taken up the recombinant DNA from those that have taken up either the DNA segment only or intact plasmids.This experiment uses _______ (number) selectable marker(s).

Accepted Answer

The answer of A researcher inserts a DNA segment at...

Question 18

In DNA microarrays, each _______ serves as a unique identifier of a gene.

Accepted Answer

A)  color 
B)  glass slide 
C)  oligonucleotide 
D)  reporter gene 
E)  vector 
A)  color 
B)  glass slide 
C)  oligonucleotide 
D)  reporter gene 
E)  vector

Question 19

A molecule results from the joining of DNA from a cow and DNA from a bacterium.It is called

Accepted Answer

A)  a PCR product. 
B)  complementary DNA. 
C)  recombinant DNA. 
D)  a DNA fingerprint. 
E)  a DNA microarray. 
A)  a PCR product. 
B)  complementary DNA. 
C)  recombinant DNA. 
D)  a DNA fingerprint. 
E)  a DNA microarray.

Question 20

A researcher inserts a DNA segment at the BamHI recognition site within a plasmid; this site is located within the tetracycline resistance gene.This plasmid also has a gene for ampicillin resistance.Following DNA transformation, the researcher must select the bacteria that have taken up the recombinant DNA and not select those that either have taken up the DNA segment only or have taken up nonrecombinant plasmids.In order to do so, the researcher should select the bacteria that

Accepted Answer

A)  are sensitive to both antibiotics. 
B)  will grow on ampicillin but are sensitive to tetracycline. 
C)  are resistant to both antibiotics. 
D)  will grow on tetracycline but are sensitive to ampicillin. 
E)  grow only on an enriched medium. 
A)  are sensitive to both antibiotics. 
B)  will grow on ampicillin but are sensitive to tetracycline. 
C)  are resistant to both antibiotics. 
D)  will grow on tetracycline but are sensitive to ampicillin. 
E)  grow only on an enriched medium.

Exam 18: Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

A restriction enzyme has generated blunt ends.Which event is most likely?

RT-PCR

Which technique places a series of DNA sequences on a microscope slide in precise order?

Biologists engaged in recombinant DNA technology often will cut the vector with two different restriction enzymes that have nearby restriction sites.This is done to

One important biotechnology advance is the mass production of the enzyme tissue plasminogen activator (TPA).You would expect people with low TPA to have difficulty _______ due to _______.

The purpose of mechanical shearing when generating a genomic library is to

cDNA libraries

Refer to the figure showing an experiment using selectable marker (reporter) genes. Which statement about the reporter genes used in the experiment is true?

Compared with conventional breeding, recombinant DNA technology usually combines _______ genes and takes _______ generations to complete.

What is a major difference between antisense RNA and siRNA?

When microarrays are used to study gene expression patterns, each spot on a microarray contains thousands of copies of

A bacterium that has the CRISPR-CAS9 system has a CAS9 that has much reduced activity.What is the most likely result?

A restriction enzyme recognizes the sequence 5ʹ-GTCATGAC-3ʹ and makes staggered cuts.Which statement is most likely to be true?

Variation at a specific gene is known to affect metabolism in mice, but it is not clear which of the nucleotides is responsible for the changes.Which technique would be most relevant for revealing which of the nucleotides affects metabolism?

In DNA microarrays, each _______ serves as a unique identifier of a gene.

A molecule results from the joining of DNA from a cow and DNA from a bacterium.It is called

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One important biotechnology advance is the mass production of the enzyme tissue plasminogen activator (TPA).You would expect people with low TPA to have difficulty _ due to _.

Compared with conventional breeding, recombinant DNA technology usually combines _ genes and takes _ generations to complete.