Exam 5: Learning

Unlike other schedules of reinforcement, ________ results in a "scalloped" pattern of responses on a cumulative frequency graph.

Given its role in either amplifying or decreasing the intensity of different types of signal inputs, ________ is the neurotransmitter that may be involved in the process of reinforcement.

Spontaneous recovery:

The type of learning that involves a sudden coming together of the elements of a situation so that the solution to a problem is instantly clear is ________.

Scott works at a job where he is paid a salary every 2 weeks. Scott is being reinforced on a ________ schedule.

What has occurred when there is a decrease in the likelihood or rate of a target response?

You walk up to a soda machine and put in a dollar, and are rewarded with a bottle of root beer. When you put in another dollar, you get another soda. Assuming that the machine has a limitless supply of root beer, which kind of reinforcement schedule does this machine operate on?

The first time José sees a cat, his mother tells him, "That's a cat. Can you say cat?" He repeats the word gleefully, and his mother praises him. The next day, he is watching a cartoon and sees a tiger on the television. He points at the tiger and says, "Cat!" This is an example of ________.

Which of the following statements about positive reinforcers is accurate?

To teach a tiger to jump through a flaming hoop, the tiger is first reinforced for jumping up on a certain pedestal, then for leaping from that pedestal to another. Next the tiger has to jump through a hoop between the pedestals to get the reward. Finally, the hoop is set afire and the tiger must jump through it to get the reward. This is an example of ________.

Neurofeedback, a newer type of biofeedback, involves trying to change ________.

A person originally feared great heights, such as standing on top of tall buildings. Now the person has also developed fears of flying in airplanes, standing on ladders, and even watching high-wire artists perform. These new fears are probably the result of ________.

Five-year-old Tommy is helping get ready for a family reunion at Thanksgiving by polishing the good silverware. If his mother gives him a dime for each piece he polishes, what kind of reinforcement schedule is she using?

A child learns that whenever he eats all of his dinner he gets a cookie for dessert. This type of learning is BEST explained by ________.

Rescorla's modern conceptualization of classical conditioning is based on the idea that ________.

By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat, Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented. In this experiment, the presentation of the meat was the ________.

Learning that depends on mental processes that are not able to be observed directly is called ________ learning.

Watson's experiment with Little Albert demonstrated that fears might be ________.

Laura's heart rate had been conditioned to increase whenever she smelled Old Spice After Shave. However, her heart would also race to the aroma of Brut and English Leather. This reaction is known as:

When someone uses negative reinforcement to change a behavior the behavior is likely to ________.