Exam 5: Learning

Ira has been smoking cigarettes for years, and particularly enjoys smoking when he goes to a casino to play blackjack. He recently quit smoking and has been cigarette-free for eight months. In that time, he has also had no opportunity to go back to a casino to play cards. Tonight, he and some friends went to play blackjack, and once he sat down at the table he got a sudden and irresistible urge to smoke a cigarette, and ended up smoking a pack in one night. Ira's unexpected desire to smoke was a result of ________.

You train your dog, Milo, to salivate at the sound of a bell. Then you ring the bell every five minutes and don't follow the ringing with food for Milo. He salivates less and less and finally stops salivating at all when the bell rings. But the next morning, when you ring the bell, Milo salivates! What term is used to explain the reappearance of this response?

In the experiment with Little Albert, the unconditioned response was _______.

A woodchuck tries to crack a walnut shell in two different ways-with his paws and with his teeth. The last method worked and the first did not; hence, the woodchuck will be more likely to rely on his teeth for splitting the next nut. This observation illustrates the:

What would you predict about Little Albert based on the principle of spontaneous recovery?

Taste aversions seem to be specific examples of what type of learning?

Neurofeedback, a newer type of biofeedback, involves trying to change ________.

Peggy wanted to teach her dog how to roll over. She tried giving him instructions, but it didn't work. She tried waiting for him to roll over so she could reinforce the behavior, but she had to go to bed before the dog rolled. Finally, she began reinforcing the dog when it made behaviors that more closely resembled rolling over. At last, using ________, she was able to teach the dog to do the trick.

Thorndike's main apparatus in his operant conditioning research was:

Al must build 25 radios before he receives $20. What schedule of reinforcement is being used?

Current views of conditioning by psychologists, such as Rescorla, indicate that learning is completely automatic and has nothing to do with cognitive processes.

The reappearance of a learned response after extinction has occurred is called ________.

In classical conditioning, one must be sure to pair the:

Which of the following is an example of punishment?

The Law of Effect emphasized that responses were more likely to be made if they were followed by some pleasing consequence.

Most young children put their hands over their ears when they hear the loud boom of firecrackers at a Fourth of July festival, but at first pay just scant attention to the person lighting the firecrackers. However, after just a few firecrackers have been exploded, some of the children put their hands over their ears as soon as they see the person approach the firecracker with a match! What is the unconditioned stimulus?

In the experiment with Little Albert, the unconditioned stimulus was ________.

A farmer is being troubled by coyotes eating his sheep. In an attempt to solve the problem, he kills a sheep and laces its body with a nausea-inducing drug. He leaves the sheep out where he knows the coyotes roam. He hopes they will learn to not eat the sheep after they become sick from the bait he leaves. The farmer is attempting to apply the principle of _________ to accomplish this.

In the classic study of fear conditioning in a human infant (the "Albert" experiment), what was the UCS?

________ is an example of a primary reinforcer, whereas ________ is an example of a secondary reinforcer.