Exam 5: Learning

Which schedule of reinforcement is programmed into slot machines?

Thorndike was known for his work with ________.

As an infant, Stephanie received many penicillin injections from the doctor. When she later saw a photographer in a white coat that was similar to the doctor's coat, she started to cry. This is an example of ________.

Bandura's seminal study of observational learning involved watching children and their interactions with Bobo dolls.

Pavlov placed food in the mouths of the dogs, and they began to salivate. Pavlov's student noticed that after a few days the dogs began to salivate at the sound of the student's footsteps. The salivation to the sound of the footsteps was a ________.

In classical conditioning, one must pair the ________ before conditioning can occur.

Rescorla's modern conceptualization of classical conditioning is based on the idea that ________.

A girl learns that whenever her brother shares his cookie with her, her mother gives him a piece of candy. The girl starts sharing her treats with her friends when they come over in the hopes of getting a similar reward. The girl's learning to share is an example of ________.

We associate the name of ________ most closely with classical conditioning.

An animal is placed in a box with a bar and also a wire floor that can deliver a mild shock. The experimenter first sounds a buzzer, then a few seconds later turns on the shock. Pressing the bar after the buzzer sounds but before the shock is delivered will prevent the shock from occurring. This is an example of ________.

Some of the simplest and most basic learning that involves the acquisition of fairly specific patterns of behaviors in the presence of well-defined stimuli is:

Classical conditioning was discovered by:

Kelsey just told her family a really funny joke that she made up herself. In order to use a primary reinforcer to encourage her to keep telling jokes, Kelsey's dad might ________.

A young boy is watching TV. In one show he sees a bully steal a lunch from another child. The bully then enjoys eating the other child's lunch. Since this boy feels that his mother makes him a rather skimpy lunch and he is always hungry at school, he starts stealing other kids' lunches at school. According to Bandura's theory of observational learning, his hunger at lunchtime most influenced which factor?

On a fixed-interval schedule, reinforcement is given for the ________.

Any behavior that is voluntary is referred to as a(n) ________.

Imagine that you flinch after seeing lightning because in previous instances the lightning is followed by thunder, which scared you. In this scenario, flinching to the lightning can be interpreted as being a(n):

Pairing the US and CS is essential for ________ to occur.

A pigeon learns to peck only at a red disk. It will not peck at an identical disk of any other color. This illustrates the concept of ________.

In Bandura's classic (1965) study of children exposed to a film of an adult hitting a Bobo doll, ________.