Exam 5: Learning

In Pavlov's classic experiments, the repeated presentations of the metronome along with the food formed the ________ step of the classical conditioning process.

The person most directly associated with operant conditioning is ________.

Mary's parents want her to put her books in her bookcase. At first, they praise her for putting the books together in one pile. Then they praise her for getting the books on the same side of the room as the bookcase. When she gets the books on top of the bookcase, she gets praise. Finally, her parents praise her when she puts her books in the bookcase. This is an example of ________.

The process of presenting the conditioned stimulus alone so often that the learner no longer associates it with the unconditioned stimulus and stops making the conditioned response is called ________.

The abbreviation CS stands for ________.

Cognitive maps are:

An experimenter finds that a certain male subject always has an increased heartbeat when he sees a picture of a nude female. The experimenter sounds a buzzer and then presents such a picture. The experimenter repeats this procedure until the man responds with an increased heartbeat to the sound of the buzzer alone. In this situation the CONDITIONED response is the ________.

Learning that takes place without actual performance (a kind of latent learning) is called ________.

On a fixed-ration schedule reinforcement is given ________.

A reinforcer is a consequence that ________ a behavior, while a punisher is a consequence that ________ a behavior.

Conditioned emotional responses are some of the easiest forms of classical conditioning to accomplish, as demonstrated by the fact that our lives are so full of them.

College students faced with unsolvable problems eventually give up and make only half-hearted attempts to solve new problems, even when the new problems can be solved easily. This behavior is probably due to ________.

After graduating from college, you are hired to work in a factory as an industrial psychologist. The workers assemble iPads. They can either be paid by the hour or by the number of iPads they assemble in a day. You decide that you will do the latter (pay by the number of iPads put together). According to Skinner, you have put the workers on a fixed-ratio schedule.

A person is conditioned to fear white rats. Soon after, she also begins to fear white cats, white dogs, and white rabbits. Her new, unconditioned fears result from ________.

Rachel has found that when she opens the cupboard door to get the cat food, the cats come running to the kitchen. Rachel knows that this is classical conditioning and that the unconditioned stimulus is the ________.

Which of the following is NOT a negative reinforcer?

Seligman expanded his theory of learned helplessness to explain __________.

Ivan Pavlov is most closely associated with ________.

John Watson offered a live, white rat to Little Albert and then made a loud noise behind his head by striking a steel bar with a hammer. The white rat served as the _________ in his study.

Catching fish when fishing in a lake would most likely represent which of the following schedules of reinforcement?