Exam 5: Learning

Putting on sunglasses to relieve glare is an example of which of the types of punishment and reinforcement?

A child is scolded for using his fingers instead of his fork to eat some spaghetti. The scolding stops when he picks up his fork. This is an example of ________ reinforcement.

A behavioral psychologist tries to train a bird to climb a tree to get a reward of a piece of fruit. At first, the bird learns how to climb the tree with its legs and beak. After a while, it starts flapping its wings and hopping around before it starts to climb. Eventually, the bird flies up to the piece of fruit, even though that prevents it from getting the fruit. According to the Brelands' analysis of biological constraints, the bird is demonstrating ________.

You decide that you are going to condition your dog to salivate to the sound of a metronome. You give the dog a biscuit, and then a second later you sound the metronome. You do this several times, but no conditioning seems to occur. This is probably because ________.

As she walked through her neighborhood, Jodie, a 6 year old girl, frequently saw a large brown dog. She repeatedly walked to the dog to pet it, but as her hand approached the animal, it barked and bit her. The bite was painful and caused her to cry. Now Jodie cries when she sees dogs of any color or size. Jodie now cries when she sees any dog, big or small, brown or black, etc. This illustrates which of the following?

The idea that learning occurs and is stored up, even when behaviors are not reinforced, is called ________.

Bobby and Sue were parked at Lover's Lane. When Bobby kissed Sue, his breathing accelerated. Sue always wore Chanel #5 when she went out with Bobby. Bobby's faster breathing rate when he smells Chanel #5 is the:

A young child watches her mother make pancakes. She wants to please her mother so she pays attention. However, when she goes to make them on her own, she can't break the eggs for the batter without making a terrible mess and dropping them on the floor, no matter how hard she tries. Her attempt failed because of a problem with which part of the necessary components for observational learning?

Stimulus generalization occurs:

Which of the following statements is TRUE about behavior modification?

When a strongly conditioned CS is used to make another stimulus into a second CS, the effect is known as ________.

The learning process studied in the Skinner box is known as:

While watching his older sister dive into a swimming pool, Jackson saw her slip on the end of the diving board, crack her head on the end of the board, and end up bleeding in the pool and crying hysterically. She required 12 stitches to close the cut on the back of her head. As a result, Jackson was highly afraid of both diving boards and the deep end of swimming pools. HE did not overcome these fears until he was well into his early adult years. Jackson acquired his phobia as a result of ________ conditioning.

Reinforcing behaviors that more closely resemble a final, terminal behavior is called:

The process of learning to respond only to a single specific object or event is called ________.

A positive reinforcer is a stimulus that is ________ and thus ________ the probability of a response.

Of the following, ________ would serve as a primary reinforcer for most people.

The process by which experience results in a relatively permanent change in what one is capable of doing is called:

Linda sees a sign on a farmer's fence that reads: HELP ME PICK STRAWBERRIES FOR EVERY 5 QUARTS YOU PICK, KEEP ONE FOR YOURSELF. If Linda decides to pick strawberries for this farmer, she would be under a ________ schedule of reinforcement.

As she walked through her neighborhood, Jodie, a 6 year old girl, frequently saw a large brown dog. She repeatedly walked to the dog to pet it, but as her hand approached the animal, it barked and bit her. The bite was painful and caused her to cry. Now Jodie cries when she sees dogs of any color or size. The sight of dogs is the: