Exam 5: Learning

Of the four basic elements of classical conditioning, the one the organism learns to respond to is the:

Observational learning has been used to explain why children who watch violent television tend to behave more aggressively. Research has demonstrated that watching such television shows causes an increase in violent tendencies.

Which of the following is a primary reinforcer?

Rachel has found that when she opens up the cupboard door to get the cat food, the cats come running to the kitchen. Rachel knows that this is classical conditioning and that the unconditioned stimulus is the ________.

On a variable-ratio schedule, reinforcement is given ________.

What has occurred when there is a decrease in the likelihood or rate of a target response?

Molly is sometimes loud and disruptive in class, and her teacher thinks she acts this way when she wants attention. The teacher worries that yelling at Molly might serve as a positive reinforcer for her bad behavior because it is giving Molly the attention she wants. One behavior modification that might help with this child is ________.

The person MOST closely associated with the Law of Effect is ________.

Which theorist proposed the cognitive perspective that explains that classical conditioning occurs because of expectancy?

John's heart has been conditioned to beat rapidly whenever he smells Windsong perfume on a woman. However, John's heart also races when he smells Chanel #5 and other perfumes. This illustrates:

Bill hates to clean up after dinner. One night, he volunteers to bathe the dog before cleaning up. When he finishes with the dog and returns to the kitchen, his wife has cleaned everything up for him. Which of the following statements is most likely TRUE?

Every time Maricella goes to work in the morning, she notices that her dog sulks in the corner of the room and looks very sad. Over several weeks, she notices that the dog gets unhappy when she picks up her car keys, immediately before leaving the house. Which phenomenon of learning BEST describes the dog's behavior?

Insight is a concept associated with ________ learning theory.

Research suggests that delayed reinforcement ________.

A negative reinforcer is a stimulus that is ________ and thus ________ the probability of a response.

Some researchers believe that classical conditioning takes place only because:

The 5-year-old of two very busy parents has been throwing tantrums. Whenever the child goes off the deep end, one or both of his parents immediately come to his side and fuss over and cajole him. Nevertheless, his tantrums do not diminish; they even seem to increase. We may assume that his parents' fussing over him serves as a ________.

Thorndike is to ________ as Skinner is to ________.

Learning that occurs but is not immediately reflected in a behavior change is called ________.

Electric shock, scoldings, and bad grades are: