Exam 5: Learning

An example of a discriminative stimulus might be ________.

An operant conditioning technique in which a learner gains conscious control over his or her own biological response is ________.

On a variable-interval schedule, reinforcement is given for the ________.

When Luke kissed Laura, her heart rate increased. Luke always wore Old Spice After Shave. Whenever Laura smelled Old Spice, her heart raced. Luke's kiss was the:

Which of the following is a primary reinforcer?

Operant conditioning is based on the research of ________ and ________.

When a stimulus similar to the CS also elicits the CR, the phenomenon is called ________.

Conditioned taste aversions are an example of something called ________.

A reinforcer that removes something unpleasant from a situation is called a ________ reinforcer.

When Keller and Marian Breland, two psychologists who became animal trainers, decided that it would be cute to have a pig drop a big wooden coin into a box, they found that ________.

You need to remove a broken light bulb from a lamp. Without a pair of gloves, you are likely to cut yourself on the jagged glass. Suddenly, it occurs to you that you can use a cut potato to remove the light bulb from the socket. You have just demonstrated ________.

A key to social learning theory is ________.

Fred is afraid of spiders. He won't even watch a nature show on TV about them. When he sees a picture of a spider, he has a panic attack, but when he avoids looking at the image, his panic goes away. Fred's avoidance of spiders is being ________.

Under what circumstances will a reinforcer make the target response more likely to occur again?

When the removal of an event increases the likelihood of a prior response, ________ has occurred.

In operant conditioning, ________ is necessary to create the association between the stimulus and the repetition of a voluntary response.

Under what circumstances will a reinforcer make the target response more likely to occur again?

There are two kinds of behavior that all organisms are capable of doing. If Inez blinks her eyes because a gnat flies close to them, that's ________. But if she then swats at the gnat, that's ________.

The process of learning to respond only to a single specific object or event is called ________.

The Internal Revenue Service threatens Sue with a penalty if she fails to pay her back taxes. She pays, and the threat is withdrawn. In the future, she is more prompt in meeting her obligation. This is an example of the use of ________ to control behavior.