Exam 5: Learning

An unpleasant stimulus presented to a person or animal that decreases the probability of a particular response is known as ________.

Aunt Bea gave Opie fried chicken livers every time he made his bed. Opie began making his bed more often than he used to. In this example, chicken livers are a ________ reinforcer.

Using continuous reinforcement is the BEST way to prevent a response from becoming extinguished.

Which of the following is an example of learning?

The Brelands tried to condition pigs to drop wooden coins into a bank. This turned out not to be easy, as the pigs tended to make instinctual responses as compared to the learned responses.

Learning that is not manifested until some later time is called ________.

An important example of conditioned taste aversions might be ________.

Changing behavior through the reinforcement of partial responses is called _______.

The abbreviation UCS stands for ________.

A Congressional hearing is taking place in Washington, D.C. The representatives are discussing whether the portrayals of violence on children's TV shows are perhaps contributing to the violence we see in schools today. What psychological process are the representatives probably considering as the reason that TV influences school violence?

At the National Zoological Park in Washington, D.C., a polar bear suffered a broken tooth, and keepers needed a safe way of treating the problem. The bear was rewarded first for sticking its nose through a slot in the cage door, then for allowing a keeper to lift its lip and touch its teeth. Finally, a veterinarian was able to treat the damaged tooth while the bear waited placidly for its familiar reward. This is an example of ________.

When a CR has been conditioned to a particular stimulus, the organism will also tend to make the CR in response to other stimuli. This phenomenon is called:

Positive reinforcement is to ________ as negative reinforcement is to ________.

According to the law of effect, a behavior is MOST likely to be stamped in, or repeated, when it is ________.

Learning to make a reflex response to a stimulus other than to the original, natural stimulus is called ________.

When Ivan Pavlov presented meat powder, the dog salivated. The meat powder was the ________ and salivation was the ________.

Though Jenny tried in vain to reach a puzzle on the top shelf by standing on a chair, she simply could not reach. Suddenly she realized that by placing a thick catalog on the seat of the chair, she would be high enough to reach the puzzle. Jenny's solution is best explained by which of the following?

In the experiment with Little Albert, the conditioned stimulus was ________.

The researcher responsible for discovering classical conditioning was ________.

By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat, Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented. In this experiment, the presentation of the meat was the: