Question 1

In a(n)_______ reinforcement schedule, a consequence follows every instance of a behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  continuous 
B)  intermittent 
C)  variable interval 
D)  fixed ratio 
E)  variable ratio 
A)  continuous 
B)  intermittent 
C)  variable interval 
D)  fixed ratio 
E)  variable ratio A

Question 2

Goal acceptance is most similar to the idea of:

Accepted Answer

A)  goal congruity 
B)  goal commitment 
C)  goal valence 
D)  goal expectancy 
E)  groupthink 
A)  goal congruity 
B)  goal commitment 
C)  goal valence 
D)  goal expectancy 
E)  groupthink B

Question 3

Punishment is also called avoidance learning.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

According to the expectancy theory,  _______affect the conscious choices that people make about their motivation.

Accepted Answer

A)  equity, value-added, and instrumentality 
B)  valence, expectancy, and instrumentality 
C)  expectancy, reinforcement, and instrumentality 
D)  instrumentality, equity, and expectancy 
E)  expectancy, equity, and reinforcement
Affect the conscious choices that people make about their 
A)  equity, value-added, and instrumentality 
B)  valence, expectancy, and instrumentality 
C)  expectancy, reinforcement, and instrumentality 
D)  instrumentality, equity, and expectancy 
E)  expectancy, equity, and reinforcement
Affect the conscious choices that people make about their

Question 5

In general, extrinsic rewards are more important to workers than intrinsic rewards.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The primary ways for creating reinforcement contingencies in organizations are:

Accepted Answer

A)  extrinsic rewards and the schedules of reinforcement 
B)  extrinsic and intrinsic rewards 
C)  perceptions of equity and reward desirability 
D)  situational motivators 
E)  higher-order needs and organizational structure 
A)  extrinsic rewards and the schedules of reinforcement 
B)  extrinsic and intrinsic rewards 
C)  perceptions of equity and reward desirability 
D)  situational motivators 
E)  higher-order needs and organizational structure

Question 7

_______strengthen behavior (i.e., increase its frequency).

Accepted Answer

A)  Positive and negative reinforcement 
B)  Negative reinforcement and extinction 
C)  Positive reinforcement and extinction 
D)  Negative reinforcement, positive reinforcement, and punishment 
E)  Negative reinforcement, positive reinforcement, extinction, and punishment 
A)  Positive and negative reinforcement 
B)  Negative reinforcement and extinction 
C)  Positive reinforcement and extinction 
D)  Negative reinforcement, positive reinforcement, and punishment 
E)  Negative reinforcement, positive reinforcement, extinction, and punishment

Question 8

To use expectancy theory to motivate employees, managers can

Accepted Answer

A)  assign specific, challenging goals 
B)  make all rewards equal in value 
C)  avoid overreward and underreward 
D)  avoid the use of empowerment 
E)  systematically gather information to find out what employees want from their jobs 
A)  assign specific, challenging goals 
B)  make all rewards equal in value 
C)  avoid overreward and underreward 
D)  avoid the use of empowerment 
E)  systematically gather information to find out what employees want from their jobs

Question 9

Which of the following statements about goal-setting theory is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Feedback should not be specific. 
B)  Goals should be specific, measurable, attainable, and generalized. 
C)  Workers do not have to truly accept organizational goals for goal-setting theory to be motivational. 
D)  Goals can energize behavior. 
E)  None of the above statements about goal-setting theory is true. 
A)  Feedback should not be specific. 
B)  Goals should be specific, measurable, attainable, and generalized. 
C)  Workers do not have to truly accept organizational goals for goal-setting theory to be motivational. 
D)  Goals can energize behavior. 
E)  None of the above statements about goal-setting theory is true.

Question 10

Distributive justice refers to the perceived fairness of the process used to make reward allocation decisions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following is a basic component of equity theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  valences 
B)  reinforcement 
C)  referents 
D)  instrumentality 
E)  expectancy 
A)  valences 
B)  reinforcement 
C)  referents 
D)  instrumentality 
E)  expectancy

Question 12

On the basis of research evidence, the two basic needs categories are:

Accepted Answer

A)  tangible and intangible needs 
B)  physiological and psychological needs 
C)  higher-order and lower-order needs 
D)  extrinsic and intrinsic needs 
E)  realized and unrealized needs 
A)  tangible and intangible needs 
B)  physiological and psychological needs 
C)  higher-order and lower-order needs 
D)  extrinsic and intrinsic needs 
E)  realized and unrealized needs

Exam 12: Section 3: Managing Individuals and a Diverse Work Force

In a(n)_______ reinforcement schedule, a consequence follows every instance of a behavior.

Goal acceptance is most similar to the idea of:

Punishment is also called avoidance learning.

According to the expectancy theory, _______affect the conscious choices that people make about their motivation.

In general, extrinsic rewards are more important to workers than intrinsic rewards.

The primary ways for creating reinforcement contingencies in organizations are:

_______strengthen behavior (i.e., increase its frequency).

To use expectancy theory to motivate employees, managers can

Which of the following statements about goal-setting theory is true?

Distributive justice refers to the perceived fairness of the process used to make reward allocation decisions.

Which of the following is a basic component of equity theory?

On the basis of research evidence, the two basic needs categories are:

Section 1: Management

Section 2: Management

Section 3: Management

Section 1: History of Management

Section 2: History of Management

Section 3: History of Management

Section 1: Organizational Environments and Cultures

Section 2: Organizational Environments and Cultures

Section 3: Organizational Environments and Cultures

Section 1: Ethics and Social Responsibility

Section 2: Ethics and Social Responsibility

Section 3: Ethics and Social Responsibility

Section 1: Planning and Decision Making

Section 2: Planning and Decision Making

Section 3: Planning and Decision Making

Section 1: Organizational Strategy

Section 2: Organizational Strategy

Section 3: Organizational Strategy

Section 1: Innovation and Change

Section 2: Innovation and Change

Section 3: Innovation and Change

Section 1: Global Management

Section 2: Global Management

Section 1: Designing Adaptive Organizations

Section 2:designing Adaptive Organizations

Section 1: Managing Teams

Section 2: Managing Teams

Section 3: Managing Teams

Section 1: Managing Human Resource Systems

Section 2: Managing Human Resource Systems

Section 3: Managing Human Resource Systems

Section 1: Managing Individuals and a Diverse Work Force

Section 2: Managing Individuals and a Diverse Work Force

Section 1: Motivation

Section 2: Motivation

Section 3: Motivation

Section 1: Leadership

Section 2: Leadership

Section 3: Leadership

Section 1: Managing Communication

Section 2: Managing Communication

Section 1: Control

Section 2: Control

Section 3: Control

Section 1: Managing Information

Section 2: Managing Information

Section 3: Managing Information

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