Question 1

In which way are NADH and FADH2 related?

Accepted Answer

A) They both carry high-energy phosphates. 
B) They both carry high-energy electrons. 
C) They are both used in glycolysis. 
D) They both directly produce ATP. 
A) They both carry high-energy phosphates. 
B) They both carry high-energy electrons. 
C) They are both used in glycolysis. 
D) They both directly produce ATP. B

Question 2

Why do cells go through fermentation?

Accepted Answer

A) to replenish NAD+ 
B) to replenish O2 
C) to replenish FAD 
D) to replenish NADH 
A) to replenish NAD+ 
B) to replenish O2 
C) to replenish FAD 
D) to replenish NADH A

Question 3

Which of the following analogies best illustrates the answer to the following: If sugars contain energy, why do we have to break apart sugars to release energy in order to make the high energy chemical called ATP?

Accepted Answer

A) electrons of matter 
B) photons of light 
C) letters in the word 
D) books in the library 
A) electrons of matter 
B) photons of light 
C) letters in the word 
D) books in the library D

Question 4

Which of the following directly supply the electrons for the electron transfer system?

Accepted Answer

A) FADH2 and NADH 
B) pyruvate and acetate 
C) ATP and ADP 
D) various enzymes 
A) FADH2 and NADH 
B) pyruvate and acetate 
C) ATP and ADP 
D) various enzymes

Question 5

What molecule is a product of glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) ATP 
B) FADH2 
C) NADH 
D) H2O 
A) ATP 
B) FADH2 
C) NADH 
D) H2O

Question 6

Which of the following chemical reactions are common in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

A) reduction/oxidation 
B) bimolecular/trimolecular 
C) exothermic/endothermic 
D) acid/base 
A) reduction/oxidation 
B) bimolecular/trimolecular 
C) exothermic/endothermic 
D) acid/base

Question 7

Refer to the above illustration of a mitochondrion. Match the labelled parts of the mitochondrion with the steps of cellular respiration. A labelled part may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
-citric acid cycle

Accepted Answer

A) outer mitochondrial membrane 
B) intermembrane compartment 
C) cytosol 
D) inner mitochondrial membrane 
E) matrix 
A) outer mitochondrial membrane 
B) intermembrane compartment 
C) cytosol 
D) inner mitochondrial membrane 
E) matrix

Question 8

Which phrase best describes the proton-motive force?

Accepted Answer

A) the amount of energy required to protonate a glucose molecule 
B) the force needed to move protons into the inner mitochondrial space 
C) the free energy associated with the removal of hydrogen from NADH 
D) the combination of a proton and voltage gradient across the membrane 
A) the amount of energy required to protonate a glucose molecule 
B) the force needed to move protons into the inner mitochondrial space 
C) the free energy associated with the removal of hydrogen from NADH 
D) the combination of a proton and voltage gradient across the membrane

Question 9

When individuals have mitochondrial disorders, the skeletal and heart muscles and the brain are the parts of the body that are most affected. Why are these the parts that are most affected?

Accepted Answer

A) because they have the highest energy needs 
B) because they are generally very fragile 
C) because they are the most important organs 
D) because they have fewer mitochondria in the cell 
A) because they have the highest energy needs 
B) because they are generally very fragile 
C) because they are the most important organs 
D) because they have fewer mitochondria in the cell

Question 10

For a molecule to be reduced, it can gain electrons from the environment. In what other way can a molecule be reduced?

Accepted Answer

A) by losing hydrogens 
B) by losing oxygen 
C) by gaining oxygen 
D) by gaining hydrogens 
A) by losing hydrogens 
B) by losing oxygen 
C) by gaining oxygen 
D) by gaining hydrogens

Question 11

During which stage of cellular respiration is CO2 released?

Accepted Answer

A) during the citric acid cycle 
B) during glycolysis 
C) during electron transport system 
D) during both pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle 
A) during the citric acid cycle 
B) during glycolysis 
C) during electron transport system 
D) during both pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle

Question 12

Both plants and animals possess mitochondria, which are used for cellular respiration to make ATP.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

It has been thought that many diseases now associated with aging are related to malfunctioning mitochondria. Why are the mitochondria so important to all cells?

Accepted Answer

A) They generate heat to keep the body warm. 
B) They produce energy in the form of ATP. 
C) They are extremely large. 
D) They are ancestral and were acquired by symbiosis. 
A) They generate heat to keep the body warm. 
B) They produce energy in the form of ATP. 
C) They are extremely large. 
D) They are ancestral and were acquired by symbiosis.

Question 14

The main purpose of fermentation is to regenerate NADH and FADH2.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Oxygen acts as a final electron acceptor in respiration. Which molecule is it ultimately converted into?

Accepted Answer

A) water 
B) CO2 
C) ATP 
D) glucose 
A) water 
B) CO2 
C) ATP 
D) glucose

Question 16

During pyruvate oxidation, one molecule of ATP is produced.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Suppose all the protons that powered the ATP synthase were NOT dealt with in some fashion: the proton gradient would be destroyed and ATP could no longer be produced by oxidative phosphorylation. Which statement describes what happens to these protons as they re-enter the matrix?

Accepted Answer

A) They help in the production of CO2. 
B) They are attached to NAD+ and FAD. 
C) They synthesize ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation. 
D) They combine with oxygen to form water. 
A) They help in the production of CO2. 
B) They are attached to NAD+ and FAD. 
C) They synthesize ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation. 
D) They combine with oxygen to form water.

Question 18

How efficient is cellular respiration in extracting the energy stored in the bonds of glucose?

Accepted Answer

A) close to 60% efficient 
B) close to 40% efficient 
C) close to 20% efficient 
D) close to 10% efficient 
A) close to 60% efficient 
B) close to 40% efficient 
C) close to 20% efficient 
D) close to 10% efficient

Question 19

Refer to the above illustration of a mitochondrion. Match the labelled parts of the mitochondrion with the steps of cellular respiration. A labelled part may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
-electron transfer system

Accepted Answer

A) outer mitochondrial membrane 
B) intermembrane compartment 
C) cytosol 
D) inner mitochondrial membrane 
E) matrix 
A) outer mitochondrial membrane 
B) intermembrane compartment 
C) cytosol 
D) inner mitochondrial membrane 
E) matrix

Question 20

Which phrase best describes what occurs during chemiosmosis?

Accepted Answer

A) the synthesis of ATP by ATP synthase using a proton gradient 
B) the buildup of acetate in the cytoplasm in the absence of oxygen 
C) the breakdown of oxygen as it enters the mitochondria 
D) the production of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration 
A) the synthesis of ATP by ATP synthase using a proton gradient 
B) the buildup of acetate in the cytoplasm in the absence of oxygen 
C) the breakdown of oxygen as it enters the mitochondria 
D) the production of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration

Exam 6: Cellular Respiration

In which way are NADH and FADH2 related?

Why do cells go through fermentation?

Which of the following analogies best illustrates the answer to the following: If sugars contain energy, why do we have to break apart sugars to release energy in order to make the high energy chemical called ATP?

Which of the following directly supply the electrons for the electron transfer system?

What molecule is a product of glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle?

Which of the following chemical reactions are common in cellular respiration?

Refer to the above illustration of a mitochondrion. Match the labelled parts of the mitochondrion with the steps of cellular respiration. A labelled part may be used once, more than once, or not at all. -citric acid cycle

Which phrase best describes the proton-motive force?

When individuals have mitochondrial disorders, the skeletal and heart muscles and the brain are the parts of the body that are most affected. Why are these the parts that are most affected?

For a molecule to be reduced, it can gain electrons from the environment. In what other way can a molecule be reduced?

During which stage of cellular respiration is CO2 released?

Both plants and animals possess mitochondria, which are used for cellular respiration to make ATP.

It has been thought that many diseases now associated with aging are related to malfunctioning mitochondria. Why are the mitochondria so important to all cells?

The main purpose of fermentation is to regenerate NADH and FADH2.

Oxygen acts as a final electron acceptor in respiration. Which molecule is it ultimately converted into?

During pyruvate oxidation, one molecule of ATP is produced.

Suppose all the protons that powered the ATP synthase were NOT dealt with in some fashion: the proton gradient would be destroyed and ATP could no longer be produced by oxidative phosphorylation. Which statement describes what happens to these protons as they re-enter the matrix?

How efficient is cellular respiration in extracting the energy stored in the bonds of glucose?

Refer to the above illustration of a mitochondrion. Match the labelled parts of the mitochondrion with the steps of cellular respiration. A labelled part may be used once, more than once, or not at all. -electron transfer system

Which phrase best describes what occurs during chemiosmosis?

Light and Life

The Cell: an Overview

Defining Life and Its Origins

Energy and Enzymes

Cell Membranes and Signalling

Photosynthesis

Cell Cycles

Genetic Recombination

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Gene Structure and Expression

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Technologies

Genomes and Proteomes

Evolution: the Development of the Theory

Microevolution: Changes Within Populations

Species and Macroevolution

Understanding the History of Life on Earth

Humans and Evolution

Bacteria and Archaea

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Infectious Biological Particles

Protists

Fungi

Plants

Diversity of Animals 1: Sponges, Radiata, Platyhelminthes, and Protostomes

Diversity of Animals 2: Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Conservation of Biodiversity

Putting Selection to Work

Organization of the Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Transport in Animals: the Circulatory System

Reproduction in Animals

Animal Development

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Integration

Muscles, Skeletons, and Body Movements

Animal Behaviour

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Regulating the Internal Environment

Defences Against Disease

Conservation and Evolutionary Physiology

Filters

In which way are NADH and FADH₂ related?

During which stage of cellular respiration is CO₂ released?

The main purpose of fermentation is to regenerate NADH and FADH₂.